O3 Therapy Research Articles

Efficiency of ozone (O3) therapy on experimental acidic skin burns in rats

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of O3 therapy in experimentally induced HF skin burns in rats. A total of 20 healthy male Wistar Albino rats (weighing 250-300 g, aged 16 weeks) were used as the material of the study. They were divided into two groups (as experimental and control groups) of 10 rats which were housed individually and fed ad libitum. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) skin burns were induced in all animals. The ozonized (20 µg O3/mL) liquid vaseline was applied topically for seven days to the experiment group as well as parallelly, a saline solution was applied to the control group. In the histopathologic evaluation, inflammation, vascularization, epithelial regeneration and fibrosis were evaluated.
 The epithelial proliferation and collagenization were higher and statistically significant in the experimental group, while the infiltration was higher and statistically significant in the control group. As a result of this study, it was observed that ozone plays an important role in the tissue repair process in chemical burns. The increase of fibroblast activation and re-epithelization in the experimental group demonstrated that ozone therapy could be suggested as first aid in HF skin burns. It was concluded that more studies on ozone are needed to shed light on the subject.

Injectable Ozone-Rich Nanocomposite Hydrogel Loaded with D-Mannose for Anti-Inflammatory and Cartilage Protection in Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a dynamic condition characterized by cartilage damage and synovial inflammation. Ozone (O3) shows potential therapeutic effects owing to its anti-inflammatory properties; however, its high reactivity and short half-life substantially limit its effectiveness in OA treatment. In this study, an ozone-rich thermosensitive nanocomposite hydrogel loaded with D-mannose is developed for OA treatment. Briefly, O3 is encapsulated in nanoparticles (NPs) composed of perfluorotributylamine and fluorinated hyaluronic acid to improve its stability. Next, D-mannose is conjugated with α-amino of the hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH) via Schiff base to prepare MHPCH. These nanoparticles are encapsulated in MHPCH to produce O3 NPs@MHPCH. In vitro cell experiments demonstrate that the O3 NPs@MHPCH treatment significantly reduced VEGF and inflammation levels, accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. Furthermore, O3 NPs@MHPCH promotes the expression of collagen II and aggrecan and stimulates chondrocyte proliferation. Additionally, in vivo studies show that O3 NPs@MHPCH significantly alleviated OA by reducing synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone remodeling. O3 NPs@MHPCH offers a promising option for improving the efficacy of O3 therapy and reducing the risk of synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration in OA.

Effects of systemic ozone administration on the fresh extraction sockets healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in rats.

Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. .Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C - control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 - animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 - a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 - a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.

The Protective Role of Ozone Therapy in Kidney Disease: A Review.

Ozone (O3) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can interact with cellular components and cause oxidative stress. Following said logic, if O3 induces such a stressful milieu, how does it exert antioxidant functions? This is mediated by controlled toxicity produced by low concentrations of O3, which enhance the cell's suppliance of antioxidant properties without causing any further damage. Therapeutic concentrations vary extensively, although 50 µg/mL is commonly used in experimental and clinical procedures, given that augmented concentrations might work as germicides or cause endogenous damage. O3 therapy has been shown to be effective when applied before or after traumatic renal procedures, whether caused by ischemia, xenobiotics, chronic damage, or other models. In this review, we focus on discussing the role of O3 therapy in different models of kidney damage associated with fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We integrate and report knowledge about O3 in renal therapy, debunking skepticism towards unconventional medicine, explaining its proven therapeutic properties, and thus providing background for its use in further research as well as in clinical settings.

Ozone at low concentration modulates microglial activity in vitro: A multimodal microscopy and biomolecular study.

Oxygen-ozone (O2 -O3 ) therapy is an adjuvant/complementary treatment based on the activation of antioxidant and cytoprotective pathways driven by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Many drugs, including dimethyl fumarate (DMF), that are used to reduce inflammation in oxidative-stress-related neurodegenerative diseases, act through the Nrf2-pathway. The scope of the present investigation was to get a deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial result of O2 -O3 treatment in some neurodegenerative diseases. To do this, we used an integrated approach of multimodal microscopy (bright-field and fluorescence microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) and biomolecular techniques to investigate the effects of the low O3 concentrations currently used in clinical practice in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cells human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) and in DMF-treated LPS-activated (LPS + DMF) HMC3 cells. The results at light and electron microscopy showed that LPS-activation induced morphological modifications of HMC3 cells from elongated/branched to larger roundish shape, cytoplasmic accumulation of lipid droplets, decreased electron density of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, decreased amount of Nrf2 and increased migration rate, while biomolecular data demonstrated that Heme oxygenase 1 gene expression and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α augmented. O3 treatment did not affect cell viability, proliferation, and morphological features of both LPS-activated and LPS + DMF cells, whereas the cell motility and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased. This evidence suggests that modulation of microglia activity may contribute to the beneficial effects of the O2 -O3 therapy in patients with neurodegenerative disorders characterized by chronic inflammation. HIGHLIGHTS: Low-dose ozone (O3 ) does not damage activated microglial cells in vitro Low-dose O3 decreases cell motility and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in activated microglial cells in vitro Low-dose O3 potentiates the effect of an anti-inflammatory drug on activated microglial cells.

The Mito-Hormetic Mechanisms of Ozone in the Clearance of SARS-CoV2 and in the COVID-19 Therapy.

An increasing body of evidence in the literature is reporting the feasibility of using medical ozone as a possible alternative and adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients, significantly reducing hospitalization time, pro-inflammatory indicators, and coagulation markers and improving blood oxygenation parameters. In addition to the well-described ability of medical ozone in counteracting oxidative stress through the upregulation of the main anti-oxidant and scavenging enzymes, oxygen–ozone (O2–O3) therapy has also proved effective in reducing chronic inflammation and the occurrence of immune thrombosis, two key players involved in COVID-19 exacerbation and severity. As chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are also reported to be among the main drivers of the long sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection, a rising number of studies is investigating the potential of O2–O3 therapy to reduce and/or prevent the wide range of post-COVID (or PASC)-related disorders. This narrative review aims to describe the molecular mechanisms through which medical ozone acts, to summarize the clinical evidence on the use of O2–O3 therapy as an alternative and adjuvant COVID-19 treatment, and to discuss the emerging potential of this approach in the context of PASC symptoms, thus offering new insights into effective and safe nonantiviral therapies for the fighting of this devastating pandemic.

Effectiveness of Ozone Therapy in The Treatment of Endometritis in Mares

Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium that may be acute or chronic, infectious, or non-infectious. Endometritis is an important cause of subfertility in mares. Considering the antimicrobial characteristics, immune-stimulating ability, and low cost of ozone (O3) therapy, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine O3 therapy as an alternative treatment for endometritis in mares. Twenty-five mares with a known reproductive history of uterine infection and inflammation were allocated into three groups: Group 1 (control; n = 7), uterine lavage with Ringer's lactate solution; Group 2 (O3-gas; n = 9), uterine lavage with Ringer's lactate solution followed by uterine insufflation with O2-O3 gas mixture containing 40 µg O3 mL−1 for 10 minute; and Group 3 (O3-oil; n = 9), uterine infusion of ozonized sunflower oil. Uterine inflammation was evaluated through a uterine cytological examination (cytobrush) and uterine culture (swab) for microbiological content before and after all treatments. In assessments of uterine cytology, the average number of neutrophils/field changed from 9.14 ± 3.02 to 7.71 ± 3.59 in the control group, from 10.67 ± 3.84 to 2.89 ± 3.59 in the O3-gas group, and from 6.44 ± 2.79 to 6.55 ± 7.18 in the O3-oil group post-treatment. The pre- and post-treatment findings in the mares treated with ozonized gas were significantly different (P < .05), unlike the findings for the mares in the control and O3-oil groups. All mares (25/25) showed a positive uterine culture before treatment. After treatment, the percentage of mares showing positive culture results was 57%, 11%, and 22% in the control, O3-gas, and O3-oil groups, respectively. Our results showed the effectiveness of two groups (O2-O3 gas mixture and ozonized sunflower oil) for the treatment of uterine infections in mares. Thus, direct intrauterine O3 gas infusion has been shown to be effective in treating endometritis in mares, reducing both inflammation and uterine infection.

Endometrial angiogenesis induced by uterine insufflation with an oxygen-ozone gas mixture in mares.

Ozone (O3 ) therapy has been used to improve peripheral tissue oxygenation in humans and domestic animals. The goal of the present study was to characterize histological changes in the endometria of healthy equines following tissue exposure to gas mixtures enriched with different concentrations of O3 . Cycling mares without endometrial degeneration were divided into three groups according to treatment (n=9mares/group). The uteri from the O3 , ½O3 and control groups were insufflated for 3min with gas containing 42, 21 and 0μg O3 ml-1 , respectively. Treatments were performed every three days from D0 to D6. Endometrial samples were collected immediately before the first treatment and 24hr after the last treatment. The following nine histological parameters were evaluated: (i) the number of endometrial blood vessels, (ii) endometrial vascular degree (EVD), (iii) increase rate of blood vessels, (iv) increase rate of EVD, (v) glandular total area, (vi) glandular lumen area, (vii) intraglandular secretion area, (viii) glandular epithelial height and (ix) luminal epithelial height. In the O3 group, a positive effect from treatment (p<.01) was detected for all vascular parameters (i, ii, iii and iv), glandular total area, intraglandular secretion area and glandular epithelial height. Compared to the control group, the ½O3 group had greater (p<.01) EVD (84.1±12%) and a higher increase rate of blood vessels (151.9±47.1%). Uterine insufflation with low or intermediate concentrations of the O2 -O3 gas mixture induced endometrial angiogenesis. Morphometry, but not morphology, of the endometrial glands was affected by local O3 therapy. These findings would be of great significance for the development of new therapies for infertility in mares.

Old Treatment for a New Disease: Can Rectal Ozone Insufflation Be Used for COVID-19 Management? A Case Report.

COVID-19 is a newly discovered deadly disease with no proven definitive treatment until now. It is now proved that it can affect different body organs which necessitate intensive care management. Ozone (O3) therapy was used before for treating various viral infections like hepatitis B, human immune deficiency virus (HIV), and Ebola viruses. O3 also can manage hypoxia and increase tissue oxygenation, besides its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties which may have an important role in the management of cytokine storm. We used rectal O3 insufflation therapy assuming that it may have a beneficial role in the management of COVID-19 disease. Two sessions of rectal O3 therapy were given to a 60-year-old female patient who was confirmed COVID-19 positive. Before applying O3 therapy, she was hypoxic (sPO2:90%) despite mechanical ventilation with high fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2:90%). After therapy, she was markedly improved and discharged to the inpatient ward and then discharged home on day 10 post-admission. Another 40-year-old male patient who was confirmed COVID-19 positive and was home isolated received one session of O3 therapy. Before therapy, he was hypoxic (sPO2:85% on room air and 95% with O2 face mask 5 L/min). The patient showed gradual improvement over the next 3 days after therapy and becomes oxygen-independent (sPO2 became 94–97% on room air). No adverse effects were noticed in both cases. Rectal O3 insufflation can be used safely as adjuvant management for patients with COVID-19 disease.

The In Vitro Effect of Ozone Therapy Against Equine Pythium insidiosum

The goal of the present study was to characterize the antimicrobial action of different ozone (O3) presentations against Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses. In experiment 1, P. insidiosum was treated with ozonated distilled water, ozonated sunflower oils with distinct peroxide indexes or O3 gas (72 μg O3 mL−1). In experiment 2, samples were exposed one or three times to oxygen (O2) or O3 gas (72 μg O3 mL−1; 30 min/day). In experiment 3, P. insidiosum was treated with different concentrations of O3 gas (Ø, 32, 52, or 72 μg O3 mL−1) for three days (30 min/day). In experiment 4, samples were exposed to O2 or O3 gas (72 μg O3 mL−1) for 05, 15, or 30 minutes during three days. Posteriorly, all samples were cultured for two weeks, and the pathogen growth area was measured until D14. Samples with absence of growth on D14 were recultured to assess the germicidal or germistatic action of the treatment. In experiment 1, only ozonized sunflower oil with a high peroxide index had germicidal action against the pathogen. In experiment 2, samples exposed three times to O3 gas were inactivated. In experiment 3, the O3 therapy had germicidal action against P. insidiosum independently of the gas concentration (P > .1). In experiment 4, O3 treatments ≥15 minutes suppressed the pathogen development, whereas samples exposed to O3 gas for 5 minutes had progressive growth (P < .01). In conclusion, ozonated sunflower oil with a high peroxide index and multiple exposures to O3 gas mixtures were able to inactivate P. insidiosum isolated from horses.

Vaginal Ozone Insufflation in the Treatment of Recurrent Candidal Vulvovaginitis: Randomized Control Trial

Background: O3 therapy induces moderate oxidative stress when interacting with lipids. Aim of the Work: to demonstrate the efficacy of the application of vaginal ozone insufflations in treatment of recurrent CANDIDAL vulvo-vaginitis , compared to combined vaginal and systemic antifungal agents. Patients and Methods: This randomized-controlled study was conducted on 50 women with recurrent vulvo-vaginitis, recruited from the outpatient gynecology clinic of Ain shams University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, who were attending for outpatient consultation. Subjects were assigned randomly into two groups, group (A) 25 subjects, who were treated with traditional, combined, topical and systemic antifungal therapy, and (b) Group (B): 25 subjects, who were treated by vaginal ozone insufflations. Results: Twenty-two (88%) patients in the vaginal ozone group had clinical cure compared with only 14 (56%) patients in the traditional treatment group. This difference was statistically significant. Likewise, the microbiological cure rate was significantly higher in the vaginal ozone group compared with the traditional treatment group. Five out of 14 patients (35.7%) in the traditional treatment group suffered clinical recurrence compared with only 1 out of 22 patients (4.5%) in the vaginal ozone group. This difference was statistically significant. Likewise, the microbiological recurrence rate was significantly lower in the vaginal ozone group compared with the traditional treatment group. Conclusion: Ozone therapy has proven to be effective in treatment of the recurrent vulvovaginitis, where the persistence of clinical symptoms and positive culture exudates were measured.

Ozone therapy for musculoskeletal disorders Current concepts.

Medical ozone O3 therapy combines a mixture of oxygen (O2)-O3 and prepared through conversion of pure O2 into O3 using special medical generators. O3 has multiple mechanisms of action: antalgic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These therapeutic effects are obtained by amelioration of tissue oxygenation, accelerating glucose usage in cellular metabolism, improving protein metabolism, increasing erythrocyte activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediators, reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins and decreasing joint oxidative stress. O2-O3 has been proved to be effective in reducing pain in many musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain, lumbar disk herniation, cervical pain, cervical disk herniation, failed back surgery syndrome, degenerative spinal disease, knee osteoarthritis, meniscal injuries, sacroiliitis, plantar fasciitis and carpal tunnel syndrome, with rare adverse effects if judiciously used according to precisely defined guidelines. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Ozone Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Concepts

Medical O3 therapy combines a mixture of oxygen (O2)-O3 and prepared through conversion of pure O2 into O3 using special medical generators. O3 has multiple mechanisms of action: antalgic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These therapeutic effects are obtained by amelioration of tissue oxygenation, accelerating glucose usage in cellular metabolism, improving protein metabolism, increasing erythrocyte activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediators, reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins and decreasing joint oxidative stress. O2-O3 has been proved to be effective in reducing pain in many musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain, lumbar disk herniation, cervical pain, cervical disk herniation, failed back surgery syndrome, degenerative spinal disease, knee osteoarthritis, meniscal injuries, sacroiliitis, plantar fasciitis and carpal tunnel syndrome, with rare adverse effects if judiciously used according to precisely defined guidelines.

Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic wounds before and after treatment with medical ozone.

Ozone therapy has been used to treat numerous diseases. Indications of its therapeutic application are increasing, and evidence for its usefulness is growing. Evidence of its antibacterial and proliferative activity suggests its efficacy in treating chronic wounds. The current study evaluated the effect of ozone therapy on the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic wounds.In the present cross-sectional study, the health-related quality of life was evaluated in 86 patients with chronic wounds undergoing ozone therapy. To measure quality of life, 2 previously established questionnaires were used, the Cardiff wound impact questionnaire and the SF-36 questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed through interviews with the patients.A total of 86 patients with chronic wounds undergoing ozone therapy participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 58.91 years; 69.8% of them were male, 91.9% had diabetes mellitus, and 50% were receiving insulin therapy. Patients were under local (26.7%), systemic (9.3%), and local plus systemic (64%) protocols of ozone therapy. Mean overall quality of life reported by the patients was 6.2, and mean overall quality of life satisfaction was 6.02 (measured by the Cardiff Wound Impact Questionnaire). Mean physical quality of life measured by the SF-36 questionnaire was 39.12, and mean mental quality of life was 44.37 (measured by the same questionnaire). Among the included variables, the number of ozone therapy sessions was the strongest predictor of quality of life in both questionnaires and remained significant after different levels of adjustment.In addition to the significant improvement observed in the healing of chronic wounds, medical O3 therapy has also shown to effect a significant improvement in the health-related quality of life of patients and could be a valuable therapeutic option in chronic wound cases.

Ozone therapy prevents the onset of dysplasia in HPV16-transgenic mice—A pre-clinical efficacy and safety analysis

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), most often HPV16, is associated with the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Recently, ozone therapy was reported to have considerable efficacy against rabbit VX2 tumors, induced by the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. The present study aims to determine whether similar results can be obtained in HPV16-transgenic mice, possibly paving the way for new therapeutic options against HPV-induced cancers.HPV16-transgenic and wild-type, female, 20 weeks-old mice were injected intraperitoneally with medical O3/O2 (80░mL/kg, at O3 50░μg/mL), once a day, for 5 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed at 25 weeks-old, and skin samples were analyzed histologically to study tumour progression. Blood and internal organ samples were used to study toxicological parameters.85.7% of untreated transgenic mice showed dysplastic skin lesions, compared with 28.6% of O3-treated mice. This was associated with a marked reduction of dermal inflammation associated with those lesions. No significant changes were observed in any toxicological parameters.These preliminary results support the hypothesis that O3 therapy is effective against papillomavirus-induced lesions, particularly against those induced by the most common high-risk virus, HPV16. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Long-term outcome of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with oral arsenic trioxide-based reinduction and maintenance regimens: A 15-year prospective study.

For patients who have acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in second complete remission (CR2), optimal postremission strategies remain undefined. The role of an oral arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 )-based regimen in the management of patients who had APL in CR2 was examined. Seventy-three patients with APL in first relapse (R1) were studied. Oral As2 O3 -based reinduction resulted uniformly in CR2, irrespective of previous As2 O3 exposure. All patients received oral As2 O3 -based maintenance in CR2. At a median follow-up of 94 months (range, 9-205 months), 43 patients (58.9%) were still in CR2, and 49 (67.1%) had finished the planned 2-year CR2 maintenance with all-trans retinoic acid, oral As2 O3 , and ascorbic acid. Reinduction and maintenance treatments were well tolerated. Grade 1 and 2 headache occurred in 20 patients (27.4%). Hepatotoxicity, all in the form of transaminitis, occurred in 35 patients (47.9%; grade 1 and 2, n = 26; grade 3 and 4, n = 9). Three patients had self-limiting QTc prolongation. The 10-year leukemia-free survival rate was 56.8%. Thirty patients developed R2. Oral As2 O3 -based reinduction led to CR3 in 27 patients (90%). Post-CR3 strategies included autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and oral As2 O3 maintenance. At a post-CR3 follow-up of 30 months (range, 3-166 months), 11 patients were still in CR3. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates in the R1 cohort were 79.5% and 67.3%, respectively. Prior receipt of oral As2 O3 maintenance in CR1 was the only risk factor for inferior leukemia-free survival. Central nervous system involvement occurred in 15 patients, including 5 who remained alive. Relapse during oral As2 O3 therapy was the only significant risk factor for central nervous system involvement. For patients with relapsed APL, As2 O3 remained effective despite repeated As2 O3 exposures. Oral As2 O3 maintenance was an effective postremission strategy for CR2. Cancer 2018;124:2316-26. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Clinical utility of ozone therapy for musculoskeletal disorders.

Oxygen-ozone (O3) therapy serves as an alternative medical technique that increases the oxygen in the body along with the introduction of O3. O3 therapy has finally reached a level where the biological mechanisms of action have been understood, showing that they are in the domain of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Few clinical applications have been reviewed here as well as exemplifying that O3 therapy is particularly useful in musculoskeletal disorders. In the therapeutic range, O3 can be used as a more effective and safe substitute of standard medications. O3 therapy has been used for many years for its ability to inactivate various viruses, cancer, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome but is now making strides in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar facet joint syndrome, subacromial bursitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, hip bursitis, shoulder adhesive capsulitis, herniated disc, and temporomandibular joint disorder.

Ozone therapy for diabetic foot.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a burden to the diabetic community. With increasing medical bills, to unsuccessful treatment, those suffering from DFUs can use alternative therapeutics. First seen in the mid-1800s, ozone (O3) is thought to be unstable, due to inherent molecular nature. With the help of pharmaceutical science, various O3 treatments have flourished in the medical community to help those suffering from DFUs. Promising results are seen through numerous studies. Usually, a mixture of both O2 and O3 is seen in pressurized machines as administered to the foot ulcer. Foot ulcers, specifically DFUs, need to be assessed, cleaned, and treated as fast as possible for the fastest results. Results such as amputation can be seen if the foot is not attended to as soon as possible. With fast growing clinical trials in O3 therapy and quick administration of the O3, O3 therapy may be on the rise to be at the forefront of treating DFUs. Compelling evidence is seen in clinical trials, but more must be done to fully understand the role of O3 in DFUs.

Arsenic trioxide combined with transarterial chemoembolization for primary liver cancer: A meta-analysis.

The benefit of combination therapy of arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is debated. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether As2 O3 &TACE therapy achieves better therapeutic effects compared with TACE alone for primary liver cancer. A systematic search of both English and Chinese databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials. The main outcomes were therapeutic responses, survival rates, improvement in quality of life, and adverse events. All data analyses in this study were carried out using Review Manager software and STATA software. Eighteen randomized controlled trials involving 1412 participants were included. The pooled objective response rate was significantly higher in the As2 O3 &TACE group compared with the TACE group (relative risk [RR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.58, P<0.0001), and the pooled clinical benefit rate was also significantly higher (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.29, P=0.0002). A higher pooled result was obtained from the combination group for 1-year survival rate (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23-1.53, P<0.00001). As2 O3 &TACE therapy was not superior to TACE alone for improvement in quality of life (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98-1.36, P=0.09). There was no significant difference in the risk of adverse effects. When a subgroup analysis was performed, both administration methods of As2 O3 (intravenous or arterial) were effective for all evaluating indicators except the improvement in quality of life. Adjuvant As2 O3 therapy combined with TACE achieves better therapeutic effects compared with TACE alone. Both the intravenous administration of As2 O3 and the arterial administration of As2 O3 were good options for clinical practice.

Ozone Therapy Protects Against Rejection in a Lung Transplantation Model: A New Treatment?

No satisfactory treatment exists for chronic rejection (CR) after lung transplantation (LT). Our objective was to assess whether ozone (O3) treatment could ameliorate CR. Male Sprague-Dawley inbred rats (n= 36) were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) control (n= 6), (2) sham (n= 6), (3) LT (n= 12), and (4) O3-LT (n= 12). Animals underwent left LT. O3 was rectally administered daily for 2 weeks before LT (from 20 to 50 μg) and 3 times/wk (50 μg/dose) up to 3 months. CR; acute rejection; and Hspb27, Prdx, Epas1, Gpx3, Vegfa, Sftpa1, Sftpb, Plvap, Klf2, Cldn5, Thbd, Dsip, Fmo2, and Sepp1 mRNA gene expression were determined. Severe CR was observed in all animals of LT group, but none of the O3-LT animals showed signs of CR, just a mild acute rejection was observed in 1 animal. A significant decrease of Hspb27, Prdx, Epas1, Gpx3, Vegfa, Sftpa1, Sftpb, Plvap, Klf2, Cldn5, Thbd, Dsip, andFmo2 gene expression in the O3-LT group was observed CONCLUSIONS: O3 therapy significantly delayed the onset of CR regulating the expression of genes involved in itspathogenesis. No known immunosuppressive therapy has been capable of achieving similar results. From a translational point of view, O3 therapy could become a new adjuvant treatment for CR in patients undergoing LT.