Nylon Bands Research Articles

Cinta de náilon como cerclagem óssea - estudo experimental em coelhos e ratos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocampatibility of the commercial nylon band used as bone cerclage, comparing with traditional metal cerclage wires. Twenty one rabbits and fifteen rats, healthy and without orthopedics problems were used. A commercial nylon band and a surgical stainless steel wire “0” were used in right (SN) and left (SA) rabbits’s hindlimb, respectively. Otherwise, on rats SN was on the left hindlimb, and SA on the right hindlimb. Both experimental species were divided into three groups according to the end of the evaluation period. Clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and histologically evaluation were performed at 30, 60 and 150 days postoperatively. All the animals showed normal limb function differences between groups were not observed at clinical and macroscopic evaluation. On both species, radiographic changes were slightly higher on SN. Histological differences were not observed in both species. Nylon bands do not cause foreign body reaction and other histological changes in rabbits and rats.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in treating gastric subepithelial tumors originating in the muscularis propria layer: a single-center study of 144 cases

Objective. Subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the stomach are usually considered benign. However, some do have potential for malignant transformation, especially when originating in the muscularis propria (MP). Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric SETs originating in MP. Material and methods. A total of 145 gastric MP SETs in 144 patients were treated by ESD between September 2008 and December 2012. Characteristics of patients and SETs, therapeutic outcomes, pathologic characteristics, complications and follow-up outcomes were evaluated. Results. Among the 144 patients, 104 were female (72.22%) and 40 were male (27.78%), and the mean age was 55.75 ± 11.29 years (range 18–78 years). The mean size of the tumors determined by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was 15.14 ± 9.70 mm (range 3–50 mm). En bloc complete resection was achieved in 134 of 145 tumors, giving a complete resection rate of 92.41%. The final histopathologic diagnoses included 52 leiomyomas, 89 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 neurogenic tumors and 1 lipoma. Perforations occurred in 21 patients (14.48%) and were endoscopically repaired with clips or nylon bands. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in seven patients (4.83%) and was corrected with argon plasma coagulation (APC) or hot biopsy forceps. No local recurrence or distant metastasis was detected during a mean follow-up of 19.14 ± 10.29 months (range 3–51 months). Conclusions. ESD appears to be an effective and safe treatment for gastric SETs originating in MP.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of large gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the esophagus and stomach

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract with potential for malignant transformation, are mainly treated by open surgery or laparoscopic resection. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large-size (2-5 cm) GISTs in the esophagus and stomach. A total of 31 patients with large-size GISTs in the esophagus (6 patients) and stomach (25 patients) underwent ESD between September 2008 and December 2011. Demographics, clinical data, therapeutic outcomes, complications, pathological characteristics, risk classification, and follow-up outcomes were recorded. ESD was successfully performed in 31 patients at age of 59.06 ± 7.23 years (range: 46-74). The mean time of the procedure was 70.16 ± 16.25 min (range: 40-105). Perforation for 2-10 mm occurred in six patients (19.35%) and was endoscopically repaired with clips or nylon bands, with no conversions to open surgery. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in three patients (9.68%) and was corrected with argon plasma coagulation or hot biopsy forceps. No mortalities occurred. The mean size of the resected tumors was 2.70 ± 0.72 cm (range: 2.0-5.0). Out of the 31 patients, 24 (77.42%) were at very low risk and 7 (22.58%) were at low risk. Positive rate of CD117, DOG-1, and CD34 were 83.87%, 12.90%, and 100%, respectively. A follow up for 14.29 ± 8.99 months (range: 3-39) showed no recurrence or metastasis. ESD appears to be an effective, safe, and feasible treatment for large-size GISTs in the esophagus and stomach.

Development of High Contractile Pneumatic Artificial Rubber Muscle for Power Assist Device

The purpose of this study is to develop a pneumatic artificial rubber muscle that has a high contraction rate in order to realize the required performance for a power assist device. In addition, a bilateral type pneumatic wearable master-slave training device is developed as an application of this muscle. The developed rubber muscle is constructed with two nylon bands and an expansion unit, which is put between the nylon bands. The generated force from the expansion unit is converted to a contraction force by the nylon band. This rubber muscle can realize the high contraction rate. The high contractile rubber is used in the form of actuators in the developed knee device because of the above feature. In this paper, the structure and characteristics of the developed rubber muscle are described and then the structure of the developed master-slave device is described. Finally, the validity of the proposed device is evaluated from an experiment that assumes rehabilitation.

Development and Application of High Contractile Pneumatic Artificial Muscle

The purpose of this study is to develop a pneumatic artificial muscle with a high contractile rate to realize a required performance in a power assist device. The developed muscle is constructed with two nylon bands and an expansion unit. The generated force from the expansion unit is converted to a contraction force by the nylon band. This artificial muscle can be realized the high contractile rate. In this paper, the structure and the characteristics of the developed muscle are described, and then the application of this artificial muscle is discussed.

2A2-I10 積層型空気圧アクチュエータを用いた座位支援装置の開発(アクチュエータの機構と制御)

The purpose of this study is to develop a seated position assist device to control a seated position. The developed device is constructed with six layer type pneumatic actuators. The developed device can be operated by on expansion of the actuator. The layer type pneumatic actuator is composed of two nylon bands and an expansion unit, which is constructed with an aluminum film balloon and a nylon band. By measuring a height direction and an inner pressure, this actuator can estimate an applied force. The developed device can also estimate a gravity center by using the above estimated force. In this device, the seated position is controlled based on the estimated gravity center. In this paper, the structures of the layer type pneumatic actuator and the seated position assist device are described, and then the seated position control using the estimated gravity center is discussed.

Experimental use of polyamide bands as an extra-articular repair of the cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs

To evaluate the use of polyamide bands, manufactured for securing electrical cables for repair of the cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs, the present study was undertaken. Five mixed-breed dogs were used in the study. Lateral and anterioposterior radiography were carried out to confirm the soundness of both stifle joints in all dogs. One pelvic lime was randomly chosen for aseptic stifle surgery. Under general anesthesia and lateral recumbency with the limb rotated externally, the cranial cruciate ligament was found and transected via arthrotomy. Polyamide band was used as an imbrications suture for extra-articular repair of the cranial cruciate ligament. On days 2, 4, 6, 9, 17, 21, 25, 32, 46, 83, and 120 after surgery, lameness was scored. Radiographic examination was performed before and on days 45, 75, and 120 after surgery, and osteoarthritis changes in stifle joint were scored. There were no significant differences on lameness score during study and also between score at each time and score before surgery (grade 0; P > 0.05). There were no significant differences on radiographic examination score during study and also between score at each time and score before surgery (grade 0; P > 0.05). The present study showed that commercially available nylon bands may be successfully applied as cerclage to stabilize the stifle joint for treatment of the cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Experimental Use of Polyamide Bands in Combination with Intramedullary Pinning for Repair of Oblique Femoral Fractures in Rabbits

To evaluate the use of polyamide bands, manufactured for securing electrical cables, for repair of oblique femoral fractures in rabbits. Experimental study. Twelve nulliparous, 21-25-week-old, California female rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n=4) and studied for 14, 28, or 56 days. A Z-shaped mid-diaphyseal femoral osteotomy was repaired with a 2.5 mm intramedullary pin and a polyamide 6.6 cerclage band. Healing was evaluated at intervals by physical examination, limb use, femoral radiographs, and callus histology. Rabbits had early limb use with good wound healing. From the 1st day, movement of the hip and stifle joints was satisfactory. Radiographically, fractures were healed at 28 days. Histologically, there was no foreign body reaction and bone healing was normal. Nylon cerclage band application was accomplished easily, maintained reduction, and resulted in good healing and limb use. Sterilized nylon bands, manufactured for electrical use, can be used for cerclage in rabbits.

A modified parasternal wire technique for prevention and treatment of sternal dehiscence

Background Sternal dehiscence with or without mediastinitis is a devastating complication of median sternotomy. Various techniques of sternotomy closure including ‘figure of eight’ wire sutures, nylon bands, and custom-made titanium-H plates have been described. We have devised and tested a new method of sternal closure to prevent sternal wound complications in patients at high risk of sternal dehiscence. Methods 1336 patients underwent sternotomy for various cardiac operations from January 1996 to January 2002. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 560 patients who did not have any high risk factors for sternal dehiscence and received a standard six wire closure. Group II comprised of patients at high risk of sternal dehiscence and were divided randomly into subgroup II A ( n = 390), which included patients who had conventional sternal closure. While in subgroup II B ( n = 386) patients had a modified parasternal wire closure according to the finalized protocol. Results Sternal instability was noticed in 1/560 and none had sternal dehiscence in group I, but 16/390 patients had sternal instability and 3/390 had sternal dehiscence in subgroup II A, whereas only one patient in high risk subgroup II B developed sternal dehiscence with mediastinitis and required a pectoral flap advancement for sternal closure. Conclusions Use of modified parasternal wire closure in patients with a high risk of sternal dehiscence is a safe, effective, technically easily reproducible, as well as economical, method of preventing and treating sternal dehiscence.

Effect of circumferential bands on cortical vascularity and viability

Wire cerclage devices do not restrict cortical vascularity; however, bands, because they are flat and wide, have been implicated as the cause of fracture nonunion by disruption of cortical vascularity. This experiment evaluated the effect of cerclage bands on the cortical vascularity of bones that had not been fractured. Stainless-steel bands of four sizes (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mm wide) and nylon bands of five sizes (2.5, 3.6, 4.8, 7.6, and 9.0 mm wide) were applied 1 cm apart to both femoral diaphyses of four mature dogs. In two additional dogs, 18-gauge cerclage wires were applied 5 mm apart on one femur and nylon bands were applied immediately adjacent to one another on the other femur to cover 3 cm of the length of each femoral diaphysis. These six dogs were euthanatized and perfused 7 days postoperatively and specimens were studied by microangiography and correlated histology. Two additional dogs were studied 4 and 15 weeks after application of nylon and metal bands. There was no evidence of complete cortical devascularization under any size or type of cerclage appliance at any time interval. Numerous examples of vessels traversing the cortex directly beneath all the cerclage appliances were observed. Cerclage devices, even when flat and wide, do not restrict cortical vascularity when applied to intact bones.

The influence of nylon cerclage on diaphyseal bone strength: an experimental evaluation of Partridge bands on rabbits.

Partridge-designed nylon bands which are used for the cerclage of fractured osteoporotic bones. These bands were given elevations on their inner surfaces to raise the band from the bone surface and thus minimize the negative effects on the periosteal blood circulation. It has previously been shown that the Partridge bands, when applied to a diaphyseal bone, cause a mechanical irritation to the periosteum resulting in an increased callus formation by comparison with the case when corresponding bands with no elevations are applied. It has been suggested that the increased amount of callus would result in increased strength. We have studied the effect of bands designed in accordance with Partridge, compared with corresponding bands having no elevations, in terms of torsion strength (maximum torque capacity), on intact rabbit femora. The results show an increased torsion strength in the femora to which Partridge bands had been applied for eight weeks, while the femora to which corresponding plain nylon bands had been applied had decreased in strength. The experimental study performed supports Partridge's recommendation to use the bands as cerclage in the internal fixation of fractured osteoporotic bones, preferably in combination with further internal fixation materials.

Nylon Bands for Closure of Median Sternotomy Incisions: An Unacceptable Method

Complications related to the incision among 50 patients undergoing repair of intracardiac lesions with extracorporeal circulation in whom the sternum was approximated with nylon bands are compared with incisional complications in 195 patients in whom the sternum was closed with conventional wire or Tevdek sutures. In the group whose incisions were closed with nylon bands, the incidence of wound complications, wound dehiscence, and major infections was higher than in the group in whom closure was by conventional techniques (42% vs. 14%, 6% vs. 1.5%, and 16% vs. 2%, respectively; p < 0.05). Late complications were common in the former group and absent in the patients who had a standard sternal approximation. The number and variety of complications related to nylon bands render this technique unacceptable for closure of median sternotomy incisions.