Nutritional Status Of Residents Research Articles

Oral function and its association with nutrition and quality of life in nursing home residents with and without dementia: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundOral health problems increase with age, and are common in nursing home residents, especially in those with dementia. These problems can lead to tooth loss, diminished oral function and malnutrition.ObjectivesTo compare oral function, nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) between residents with and without dementia, and to examine associations between these variables.MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted in four UK nursing homes. Residents aged 65 + with and without dementia were included. Information was collected on demographics, dental status, quality of swallowing and chewing, xerostomia and orofacial pain. During oral examination, information was collected on number of teeth and occlusal units (OU), and functional categories (eg, OU combined with dentures). Multiple linear regression was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOf 84 residents with and 27 without dementia participated. Residents with dementia had significantly fewer teeth (Dementia median (IQR) = 14 (6‐21), vs No dementia 22 (12.75‐24.25); P = .021), fewer OU (Dementia median (IQR) = 0 (0‐3), vs No dementia 4 (0‐7); P = .001) and poorer functional categories (Z = −3.283; P = .001), and nutritional status was significantly poorer than those without (Dementia Mean (SD) = 8.3 (2.7), vs No dementia 10.4 (2.0); P = .002). In the regression model, quality of chewing (Coef (95% CI) = −1.27 (−2.22, −0.31); P = .010) was significantly correlated with nutritional status.ConclusionOral function and nutritional status of residents with dementia was poorer than those without. Almost half of all residents had insufficient oral function, which was negatively associated with QoL and nutritional status.

Assessment of population security Republic of Bashkortostan with macro- and micronutrients

Today the diet is slightly different from the recommended standards. This article presents an analysis of the nutritional status of residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan, according to which there is a shortage of micro- and macronutrients in the diet.

Post-conflict household structures and underweight: a multilevel analysis of a community-based study in northern Uganda.

To examine associations between household-level characteristics and underweight in a post-conflict population. Nutritional status of residents in the Gulu Health and Demographic Surveillance Site was obtained during a community-based cross-sectional study, ~6 years after the civil war. Household-level factors included headship, polygamy, household size, child-to-adult ratio, child crowding, living with a stunted or overweight person, deprived area, distance to health centre and socio-economic status. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations of household and community factors with underweight, calculating OR, corresponding 95 % CI and intraclass correlation coefficients. Effect modification by gender and age was examined by interaction terms and stratified analyses. Rural post-conflict area in northern Uganda. In total, 2799 households and 11 312 individuals were included, representing all age groups. Living in a female-headed v. male-headed household was associated (OR; 95 % CI) with higher odds for underweight among adult men (2·18; 1·11, 4·27) and girls <5 years (1·51; 0·97, 2·34), but lower odds among adolescent women aged 13-19 years (0·46; 0·22, 0·97). Higher odds was seen for residents living in deprived areas (1·37; 0·97, 1·94), with increasing distance to health services (P-trend <0·05) and among adult men living alone v. living in an average-sized household of seven members (3·23; 1·22, 8·59). Residents living in polygamous households had lower odds for underweight (0·79; 0·65, 0·97). The gender- and age-specific associations between household-level factors and underweight are likely to reflect local social capital structures. Adapting to these is crucial before implementing health and nutrition interventions.

The evaluation of a FEDS communication tool to improve mealtime outcomes in an older intellectual disability residential centre

Aim: Eating involves a range of functions including motor, sensory, and cognitive skills. Feeding, eating, drinkning (FEDS) and swallowing disorders can occur with the breakdown of any of the aforementioned functions. Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, can result in both physical and nutritional issues that can put a person at risk of aspiration, choking, malnutrition and death. While there are no figures on the prevalence of dysphagia in an older intellectual disability residential population, studies have shown that 28.6 – 68% of people with dementia have a FEDS disorder. Other studies have shown that 36% people with an intellectual disability in a hospital based setting can have a FEDS disorder. It is also acknowledged that the FEDS disorders within this population can largely go unrecognised. Malnutrition in a residential setting in Ireland has been identified as 25% - 32% of residents in a care home. Method: 5 key areas were audited staff practices versus therapist guidelines as follows: 1) food and fluid consistencies; 2) supervision and support; 3) environment 4) Documentation of FEDS and 5) nutritional guidelines. A training programme was developed to address deficits in these areas, rolled out to all staff involved in providing care and support to resident at mealtime. Staff were also surveyed in relation to their training needs pertaining to providing support at mealtime. Each service user was risk assessed using the INDI/IASLT guidelines on management of FEDs difficulties in the residential care setting. Each service user was proved with a mealtime placemat, colour coded to indicate their level of risk in relation to FEDs at mealtimes and with all their FEDS guidelines. The practices on the unit were re-audited 3 months and 1 year post intervention Results: The results show an improvement in the implementation of FEDs guidelines, in particular the improvement of implementation of nutrition guidelines, which improved from 31% to 87.5% 3 months post implementation of the communication tool. A year post implementation show the change was sustained. There was also a significant improvement in the implementation of consistency recommendations from 80% to 97.5%. This change was also sustained 1 year post intervention. In addition to the improvement of FEDS guidelines with the placemat communication tool, the nutritional status of residents at risk of malnutrition also improved. The average weight gain in residents (n=7) at risk of malnutirion was 3.4kg over the period of a year. Conclusion: Effective communication tools in the form of a placemat to carers can help improve communication of FEDS guidelines and improve nutritional status of people at risk of malnutrition.

Influence of nutritional status in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in nursing home residents.

Malnutrition and sarcopenia frequently coexist in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nutritional status in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in nursing home residents. A cross-sectional study was performed with data collected from 339 elderly patients living in five nursing homes. Sarcopenia was defined according to the consensus definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Body mass composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, handgrip strength using a dynamometer, and physical performance by 5-m gait speed test. The nutritional status of residents was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Of 436 patients, 339 (77.8%) were included. The mean age of participants was 84.9y and 64.3% were women. More than one-third (38.1%) of the population had sarcopenia, with a higher prevalence in women (39.4%). According to the MNA, 32.4% of participants were at risk for malnutrition and 42.5% were malnourished. When analyzed together, the presence of malnutrition plus malnutrition risk, there was no difference between individuals with or without sarcopenia. However, the presence of malnutrition was statistically higher in individuals with sarcopenia compared with those without it. The prevalence of malnutrition was highest in individuals with low handgrip strength (62.8%), and in participants with severe sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in calf circumference between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic participants. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, body mass index <22kg/m2 and age >80y remained predictive of sarcopenia status after adjustment. Prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition were significant in this population, especially in women. Approximately two-thirds of sarcopenic individuals were malnourished. A low body mass index may be a better predictor of sarcopenia in this population than a small calf circumference (<1cm).

Using a Montessori method to increase eating ability for institutionalised residents with dementia: a crossover design

To investigate the efficacy of applying a Montessori intervention to improve the eating ability and nutritional status of residents with dementia in long-term care facilities. An early intervention for eating difficulties in patients with dementia can give them a better chance of maintaining independence and reduce the risk of malnutrition. An experimental crossover design was employed. Twenty-nine residents were chosen from two dementia special care units in metropolitan Taipei. To avoid contamination between participants in units using both Montessori and control interventions, two dementia special care units were randomly assigned into Montessori intervention (I1) and routine activities (I2) sequence groups. A two-period crossover design was used, with 15 residents assigned to Montessori intervention sequence I (I1, I2) and 14 residents assigned to Montessori intervention sequence II (I2, I1). On each intervention day, residents were given their assigned intervention. Montessori intervention was provided in 30-min sessions once every day, three days per week, for eight weeks. There was a two-week washout period between each intervention. There was a significant reduction in the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia score for the Montessori intervention period but not for the routine activities period, while the mean differences for the Eating Behavior Scale score, self-feeding frequency and self-feeding time were significantly higher than those of the routine activities period. Except for the Mini-Nutritional Assessment score post-test being significantly less than the pre-test for the routine activities period, no significant differences for any other variables were found for the routine activities period. This study confirms the efficacy of a Montessori intervention protocol on eating ability of residents with dementia. Adopting Montessori intervention protocols to maintain residents' self-feeding ability in clinical practice is recommended. Montessori-based activities could provide caregivers with an evidence-based nursing strategy to deal with eating difficulties of people with dementia.

The longitudinal effects of behavioral, health, and socio-demographic factors on body mass index among older Chinese adults

To examine the effects of behavioral, health, and socio-demographic factors on being overweight or obese among older Chinese adults. This research uses panel data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was designed to examine how social and economic transformation affected the health and nutritional status of residents. For these analyses, we used all available information on adults aged 60 years or older surveyed in 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2006 (N = 3,591). Body mass index (BMI) was dichotomized as normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) and overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m(2))/obese (≥30 kg/m(2)). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate population-averaged (marginal) effects. The combined prevalence of overweight or obese was approximately 33%. Moderate or heavy non-leisure physical activities (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.32-0.49) and smoking (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.57-0.84) decreased the odds of being overweight or obese, while drinking alcohol (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.05-1.50) increased the odds. For individuals in all income levels, the amount of non-leisure physical activity strongly affected the BMI among the older Chinese adults. Active lifestyle interventions may help counter what could otherwise be a growing obesity epidemic in China.

Nutritional Status, Energy, Protein, and Micronutrient Intake of Older Service House Residents

To examine the nutritional status and energy, protein, and micronutrient intake of aged residents living in service houses and to compare how they meet official recommendations. Cross-sectional study. Service house residents (n = 375) in the metropolitan region of Helsinki, Finland. The nutritional status of residents was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Residents' energy, protein, and nutrient intake were calculated from 1-day food diaries and compared with the nutrition recommendations. The mean age of participants was 83 years; 82% were females. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 65% were at risk for malnutrition and 21% were malnourished. Energy, protein, and nutrient intake varied greatly among residents. Inadequate energy, protein, and micronutrient intake was common among the oldest residents. Of the whole group, 46% received less than 1570 kcal/d of energy and 47% received less than 60 g/d of protein. Their intake of fiber, vitamin E, vitamin D, and folic acid was especially low. The percentages of residents receiving less than the recommended intake of these nutrients were 98%, 98%, 38%, and 86%, respectively. Taking into account the large number of aged residents suffering from malnutrition or being at risk for malnutrition, low energy, protein, and micronutrient intake was very common. Assessment-based nutritional care should be a significant part in supporting frail older people in service houses.

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among the Institutionalized Elderly

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common type of infection among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among LTCF residents brings challenges to onsite health professionals. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and related factors of aymptomatic bacteriuria among the institutionalized elderly in Taiwan. In 2002, residents of 2 private LTCFs participated in this study. History taking, anthropometric measurements, and urine and blood samplings were performed by experienced research staff. Urine bacterial culture was performed by a standard procedure; subjects with symptoms indicating UTI were excluded. Repeated urine bacterial culture was performed 1 week after screening tests. Bacteriuria was defined as 1 or more organisms isolated from 2 consecutive urine specimens (> or =10(5) CFU [colony-forming units]/mL). Asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined as identical microorganisms isolated from 2 urine culture specimens taken at 1-week intervals from a subject who was free of UTI symptoms. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its related factors, such as age, sex, nutritional status, and long-term placement of urinary catheter, were evaluated. A total of 64 institutionalized Chinese elderly (mean age, 76.2 +/- 9.1 years; male:female, 48:16) were collected. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 57.8% (37/64), and was not associated with age, sex, functional status, long-term foley catheter, or previous UTI history. The most commonly isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (29.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.6%), Providentia stuartii (16.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.5%). Moreover, 21.6% of them showed multiple organisms. Nutritional status (body mass index, serum levels of albumin, total cholesterol, total lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin) was similar between subjects with or without bacteriuria (p > 0.05). Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common among Chinese residents in LTCFs. Escherichia coil was the most commonly cultured bacterium. Presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was not associated with age, sex, functional status, catheter indwelling, previous history of UTI, or nutritional status of residents in LTCFs.

The dietary habits and nutritional status of residents in young people's homeless hostels

Objective To assess the dietary habits and nutritional status of young people who were temporary residents of homeless hostels. Methods Nutritional intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls. Nutritional status assessment included measuring height, weight, body fat, blood pressure and blood haemoglobin and total cholesterol levels. An informal interview was held with residents to establish general influences on their diet and lifestyle. Sample Fifteen men and 9 women, overall average age 18 years. Results The quality of respondents' diets was poor, consisting mainly of fried, processed food, soft drinks and tea/coffee with added sugar. Respondents had low intakes of a number of nutrients, including protein, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), calcium, iron, zinc and folate. Energy intakes were also low. Nutritional status assessment revealed no immediate cause for concern. Understanding of basic facts regarding nutrition and healthy eating varied considerably. Conclusion This study highlighted poor nutritional intakes amongst a group of young people who are particularly vulnerable to food poverty, at an age when adequate nutrition is vital to growth and development.

Nutritional status of residents in Part III accommodation.

THE NUTRITIONAL status of residents of old people's homes, compared to individuals living at home, has been assessed. The residents had significantly lower means intakes of ascorbic acid, thiamin, pyridoxin, folic acid, nicotinic acid and protein. These findings were reflected in markedly lower circulating levels of ascorbic acid and folic acid in the residents. The data suggests that there should be reappraisal of the nourishment provided for the elderly in Part III accommodation.