Nutritional Status Of Individuals Research Articles

Nutritional status in individuals with Parkinson's Disease in a rehabilitation program

Nutritional status in individuals with Parkinson's Disease in a rehabilitation program

Association Between Depression Levels and Body Weight and Dietary Habits in a Sample of the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objective: Depression is a pervasive mental health concern that can negatively affect individuals' physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to explore the link between depression levels and body weight, and to evaluate the impact of an individual's nutritional status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique employed (n =710 people from the Saudi population). The data were collected via an online survey in November 2022. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, dietary habits, weight data, and some food items associated with stressful eating. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were applied to assess depression levels among participants (n = 710). Results: Data indicated that depression is widespread among the Saudi population, with varying degrees of severity. Moderate levels of depression represent 28.59% of Saudi society, while the Saudi population that suffered from severe depression levels reached 14.23% of our total sample population. Depression was positively and significantly correlated with eating behaviors and body mass index. Depression significantly increased with age. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant correlation between depression, eating behavior, body mass index, and diet. The evidence supported a connection between higher body weight and depression. This suggests the need for interventions to reduce depression and obesity rates and promote a healthier society.

Integrating classification and regression learners with bioimpedance methods for estimating weight status in infants and juveniles from the southern Cuba region

ObjectiveThe search for other indicators to assess the weight and nutritional status of individuals is important as it may provide more accurate information and assist in personalized medicine. This work is aimed to develop a machine learning predictions of weigh status derived from bioimpedance measurements and other physical parameters of healthy younger volunteers from Southern Cuba Region.MethodsA pilot random study at the Pediatrics Hospital was conducted. The volunteers were selected between 2002 and 2008, ranging in age between 2 and 18 years old. In total, 776 female and male volunteers are studied. Along the age and sex in the cohort, volunteers with class I obesity, overweight, underweight and with normal weight are considered. The bioimpedance parameters are obtained by measuring standard tetrapolar whole-body configuration. The bioimpedance analyser is used, collecting fundamental bioelectrical and other parameters of interest. A classification model are performed, followed by a prediction of the body mass index.ResultsThe results derived from the classification leaner reveal that the size, body density, phase angle, body mass index, fat-free mass, total body water volume according to Kotler, body surface area, extracellular water according to Kotler and sex largely govern the weight status of this population. In particular, the regression model shows that other bioparameters derived from impedance measurements can be associated with weight status estimation with high accuracy.ConclusionThe classification and regression predictive models developed in this work are of the great importance to assist the diagnosis of weigh status with high accuracy. These models can be used for prompt weight status evaluation of younger individuals at the Pediatrics Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.

The effect of nutrition on badminton athlete performance: A systematic review

Background and Goal of Study: Athletic performance results from a complex interaction between training, genetics and nutritional intake. In sports such as badminton, which demand endurance, speed and strength, nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting performance and recovery. Although nutrition is recognised as an important factor, there is limited research on the specific effects of nutrition on badminton athlete performance. This study aims to systematically analyse the existing literature on the influence of nutrition on badminton athlete performance, focusing on macronutrients, micronutrients and supplementation. Materials and Methods: This study used a systematic review approach, following PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed for articles published from 2010 to 2023, using keywords related to nutrition and badminton. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated based on the research design, population, type of nutrition intervention, and performance measures used. Data were extracted and analysed qualitatively. Results: Of the 130 articles identified, 61 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that optimal carbohydrate intake, adequate hydration and nutritional timing significantly improved stamina and recovery. Supplementation with creatine and beta-alanine was also shown to improve strength and endurance performance. However, the effects of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals were more variable and dependent on the individual's nutritional status before the intervention. Conclusion: Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the performance of badminton athletes. Carbohydrates, adequate hydration, and certain supplements such as creatine and beta-alanine can improve performance. However, nutritional recommendations should be individualised based on the athlete's needs and goals. Further research is needed to examine micronutrient-specific effects and personalised nutrition strategies in badminton. Keywords: Nutrition, Badminton Athlete, Systematic Review.

Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Malnutrition in Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Disorders.

Malnutrition is common in older adults, and its risk is greater in those living with dementia. Relative to cognitively healthy peers, the prevalence of malnutrition is also increased in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders owing to pathophysiological, cognitive, and psychosocial changes related to cognitive impairment. Malnutrition is associated with adverse health outcomes, including faster cognitive and functional decline. Here, we provide an overview of the prevention, assessment, and management of malnutrition in older adults, with a special focus on the aspects that are important to consider in individuals with early stages of cognitive disorders. Strategies to prevent malnutrition include systematic screening for malnourishment using validated tools to detect those at risk. If the screening reveals an increased risk of malnutrition, a detailed assessment including the individual's nutritional, medical, and functional status as well as dietary intake should be performed. The management of malnutrition in the early stages of cognitive disorders should be based on the findings of a comprehensive assessment and be personalized according to the individual's specific characteristics. In the article, we also provide an overview of the evidence on vitamin supplements and specific dietary patterns to prevent cognitive decline or attenuate its progression.

The Clinical Association Between the Inflammation-Nutritional Condition and Prognosis of Locally Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After R0 Resection: Evidence from Competing Risk and Propensity Matching Analysis.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) correlates with poor outcomes, necessitating the identification of prognostic factors from an inflammation-nutritional perspective in locally advanced ICC patients after R0 resection. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 159 locally advanced ICC patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, as well as competing risk analysis, were conducted to explore prognostic variables for locally advanced ICC following surgery. To validate the robustness of our findings, we performed propensity score matching (PSM) analyses to evaluate survival differences based on inflammation-nutritional indexes. Considering non-cancer-specific death as competing risk factors, both systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, HR: 1.934) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI, HR: 0.604) emerged as significant prognostic variables for locally advanced ICC after R0 resection (P < 0.05). After PSM, the survival benefit between the low and high PNI sets remained clear (median survival time: 15.7 months vs 35.1 months, P = 0.002). Although the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the low SII group was higher than that of the high SII group, the difference was not statistically significant (17.5% VS 27.4%, P = 0.112). Other influencing factors included tumor number, tumor diameter, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels, and postoperative adjuvant therapy. Individual inflammatory and nutritional status significantly impact the prognosis of locally advanced ICC undergoing R0 hapectomy. Oncologists should consider incorporating inflammation-nutritional conditions into the decision-making process for this subset of advanced ICC.

Early-Life Lead Exposure: Risks and Neurotoxic Consequences.

Lead (Pb) does not have any biological function in a human, and it is likely no safe level of Pb in the human body. The Pb exposure impacts are a global concern for their potential neurotoxic consequences. Despite decreasing both the environmental Pb levels and the average blood Pb levels in the survey populations, the lifetime redistribution from the tissues-stored Pb still poses neurotoxic risks from the low-level exposure in later life. The growing fetus and children hold their innate high-susceptible to these Pb-induced neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects. This article aims to evaluate cumulative studies and insights on the topic of Pb neurotoxicology while assessing the emerging trends in the field. The Pb-induced neurochemical and neuro-immunological mechanisms are likely responsible for the high-level Pb exposure with the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral impacts at the initial stages. Early-life Pb exposure can still produce neurodegenerative consequences in later life due to the altered epigenetic imprints and the ongoing endogenous Pb exposure. Several mechanisms contribute to the Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts, including the direct neurochemical effects, the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation through immunologic activations, and epigenetic alterations. Furthermore, the individual nutritional status, such as macro-, micro-, or antioxidant nutrients, can significantly influence the neurotoxic impacts even at low-level exposure to Pb. The prevention of early-life Pb exposure is, therefore, the critical determinant for alleviating various Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts across the different age groups.

Dietary supplement use among lactating mothers following different dietary patterns – an online survey

BackgroundBreastfeeding is important for the healthy growth and development of newborns, and the nutrient composition of human milk can be affected by maternal nutrition and supplementation. In Germany, iodine supplementation is recommended for all lactating mothers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation is recommended for mothers with inadequate or no fish intake. Vitamin B12 supplementation is required for strict vegans during lactation, and other nutrient supplementation may be necessary depending on the individual's nutritional status. To address the lack of data on dietary supplements used by lactating mothers following a vegetarian or vegan diet, an online survey was conducted in Germany, with a focus on iodine, DHA, and vitamin B12.MethodsStudy participants were asked to report whether they followed specific dietary patterns (omnivorous [OM], vegetarian [VT], vegan [VN]) as well as their use of dietary supplements. Relationships between diets and supplement use were analyzed using chi-square tests.Results2054 lactating women were included (1240 OM, 410 VT, and 404 VN) in this analysis. Within OM, VT and VN, at least one dietary supplement was taken by 67.3%, 84.9% and 98.0% respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, 53.2% OM, 66.8% VT, 88.4% VN reported taking at least one supplement containing iodine (p < 0.001). 54.6% OM, 61.7% VT and 58.2% VN reported supplements containing vitamin B12, while 34.1% OM, 40.2% VT and 38.6% VN mentioned supplements containing DHA (p < 0.05).ConclusionMore than half of the participants reported the use of supplements during lactation with the highest proportion in vegans. However, over one third of the mothers did not report supplementing with iodine, regardless of their dietary pattern and most participants also did not report DHA supplements. It is worrisome that a high number of vegans did not report vitamin B12 supplementation, but this could be partly due to issues with reporting. It is crucial to provide further education to breastfeeding mothers about the importance of taking micronutrient supplements, especially for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet. This will help ensure that mothers and their breastfed infants receive optimal nutrition for a healthy development.

Pengaruh Tingkat Konsumsi Zat Gizi Makro, Pengetahuan tentang Gizi dan Body Image terhadap IMT Remaja Putri di MAN 2 Manggarai

Adolescents often experience problems such as malnutrition, overweight, and micronutrient deficiencies with anemia. BMI is a method for determining the nutritional status of adolescents. An individual's nutritional status can be influenced by both direct and indirect factors. Macronutrient consumption levels, knowledge of nutrition, and body imageare related factors that affect BMI. This research aims to determine the influence of macronutrient consumption levels, nutrition knowledge, and body imageon the BMI of female adolescents at MAN 2 Manggarai. This study utilized an quantitativewith a cross-sectional design, employing purposive sampling techniques on 76 female students. The results of the study indicate a influence between fat consumption levels (p=0.022), nutrition knowledge (p=0.001), body image(p=0.044), and BMI of female adolescents at MAN 2 Manggarai. Meanwhile, protein consumption level (p=0.145) and carbohydrate consumption level (p=0.188) show no influence on the BMI of female adolescents. It is recommended to provide nutrition education, monitor nutritional status at schools, and encourage adolescents to pay more attention to their dietary intake.

Nutrition Management Miniprograms in WeChat: Evaluation of Functionality and Quality.

With the rise in people's living standards and aging populations, a heightened emphasis has been placed in the field of medical and health care. In recent years, there has been a drastic increase in nutrition management in domestic research circles. The mobile nutritional health management platform based on WeChat miniprograms has been widely used to promote health and self-management and to monitor individual nutritional health status in China. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of comprehensive scientific evaluation regarding the functionality and quality of the diverse range of nutritional miniprograms that have surfaced in the market. This study aimed to evaluate the functionality and quality of China's WeChat nutrition management miniprogram by using the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). This observational study involves quantitative methods. A keyword search for "nutrition," "diet," "food," and "meal" in Chinese or English was conducted on WeChat, and all miniprograms pertaining to these keywords were thoroughly analyzed. Then, basic information including name, registration date, update date, service type, user scores, and functional scores was extracted from January 2017 to November 2023. Rating scores were provided by users based on their experience and satisfaction with the use of the WeChat miniprogram, and functional scores were integrated and summarized for the primary functions of each miniprogram. Moreover, the quality of nutrition management applets was evaluated by 3 researchers independently using the uMARS. Initially, 27 of 891 miniprograms identified were relevant to nutrition management. Among them, 85.2% (23/27) of them offered features for diet management, facilitating recording of daily dietary intake to evaluate nutritional status; 70.4% (19/27) provided resources for nutrition education and classroom instruction; 59.3% (16/27) included functionalities for exercise management, allowing users to record daily physical activity; and only 44.4% (12/27) featured components for weight management. The total quality score on the uMARS ranged 2.85-3.88 (median 3.38, IQR 3.14-3.57). Engagement scores on the uMARS varied from 2.00 to 4.33 (median 3.00, IQR 2.67-3.67). Functional dimension scores ranged from 3.00 to 4.00 (median 3.33, IQR 3.33-3.67), with a lower score of 2.67 and a higher score of 4.33 outside the reference range. Aesthetic dimension scores ranged from 2.33 to 4.67 (median 3.67, IQR 3.33-4.00). Informational dimension scores ranged from 2.33 to 4.67 (median 3.33, IQR 2.67-3.67). Our findings from the uMARS highlight a predominant emphasis on health aspects over nutritional specifications in the app supporting WeChat miniprograms related to nutrition management. The quality of these miniprograms is currently at an average level, with considerable room for functional improvements in the future.

Assessing the relationship of maternal short stature with coexisting forms of malnutrition among neonates, infants, and young children of Pakistan.

Evidence from previous studies suggests a strong association between pediatric undernutrition and maternal stature. However, there's a scarcity of evidence regarding the relationship between maternal stature and pediatric coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM). This study examined the prevalence and trends of CFM at the individual, household, and community levels, using data from the Demographic & Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study assessed the association between pediatric CFM and short maternal stature while adjusting for multiple covariates. A panel cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS). We included data from 6194 mother-child dyads aged 15-49 years and 0-59 months, respectively, while excluding data from pregnant mothers and dyads with incomplete anthropometric variables and anthropometric outliers. Across the two survey periods, our findings reveal a significant decline in pediatric malnutrition, including CFM, alongside a concurrent increase in maternal overweight/obesity. Three out of four households had either a malnourished mother, and/or a malnourished child, and/or both. Our study demonstrates that short maternal stature increased the odds of various forms of pediatric undernutrition by two-to-threefolds (p < .041), but we did not find an association with wasting, overweight/obesity, and nutritional paradox. This underscores the heightened vulnerability of children born to short-stature mothers to various forms of pediatric undernutrition. Addressing the high prevalence of pediatric undernutrition among children of short-stature mothers necessitates a comprehensive approach that considers an individual's nutritional status throughout their entire life cycle.

Anastomotic Leakage after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) constitutes a prominent cause of significant morbidity following gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The manifestation of AL typically occurs within 7 to 10 days post-surgery, with reported incidence rates of 5.8-6.7% for open gastrectomy and 3.3-4.1% for laparoscopic gastrectomy. Various predisposing risk factors have been identified, including the individual nutritional status (excluding obesity) and preoperative corticotherapy. Interestingly, the administration of neoadjuvant therapies appears to reduce the AL occurrence. In the context of distal gastrectomies, the rates of AL are comparable between laparoscopic, robotic, and open approaches. The total gastrectomies have higher AL rate compared to distal gastrectomies, which are considered the preferred approach. Prophylactic drainage measures have not demonstrated efficacy in preventing AL. As for postoperative management, conservative treatment is indicated for patients presenting with mild clinical symptoms and increased inflammatory blood tests. This approach involves fasting, enteral or parenteral nutrition, administration of antibiotics, and percutaneous drainage. For small AL, endoscopic therapies such as stents, vacuum therapy, clips, suturing devices, and injections are appropriate treatment options. In cases of high-volume fistulas, severe sepsis or failure of previous therapies, surgical reoperation becomes the ultimate solution.

Indicadores clínicos nutricionais da nanda internacional em pacientes no pós-operatório

Aim: to describe the nutritional clinical indicators of post operatory patients based on the nutrition field of NANDA International. Method: cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a university hospital from October to December2012. Astructured script was used to investigate sociodemographic and clinical indicators. The sample consisted of 80 individuals. A descriptive statistical analysis and data were arranged in tables. Results: Eight diagnoses were identified with a predominance of: unbalanced nutrition: lower than body requirements (00002) (58.8%); Excessive volume of liquid (00026) (43.8%) and risk of impaired hepatic function (00178) (42.5%). Conclusion: the individual nutritional status is an important parameter in the surgical process, either for the procedure or after it. Thus, care and nursing actions must prioritize and meet the needs of diagnoses identified in order to avoid postoperative complications.

Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra's seminal work.

An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.

Glucose intake is influencing the concentration of AD‐related plasma biomarkers in healthy adults

AbstractBackgroundBlood biomarker analyses are seen as a great aid to early diagnose and confirm underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Developing evidence suggests that certain confounders need to be considered which may affect the reliability of biomarker results, e.g., chronic kidney disease. However, little is known with respect to potential confounding effects of energy/nutrient intake on these biomarkers. Thus, we aim to study the short‐term effects of oral glucose intake in healthy, obese adults.Method111 participants (60±7y, BMI 31±4kg/m2, 47 males) ingested 300ml of a glucose syrup (75g glucose, Accu‐Chek, Roche). Neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], amyloid‐β 42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau ([p‐tau] 181 and p‐tau 231) were measured in fasting (0 minutes) and postprandial blood samples collected 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of the glucose syrup using ultra‐sensitive Single molecule array assays. Additionally, a fasting (control) group (n = 26) was followed over the same time period. Statistical analysis was done using polynomial spline of degree 3 to test for differences in parameter progression over time within and between groups.ResultIn both groups, all biomarkers changed significantly over time (glucose group: all p&lt;0.0001, fasting group all p&lt;0.05) compared to baseline (0 minutes). The changes to baseline in GFAP were significantly different after glucose ingestion compared to the fasting state (p&lt;0.0001). The GFAP level decreased in the early postprandial phase (until 60 minutes) and subsequently increased in the late postprandial phase.ConclusionOur results suggest that plasma biomarkers for AD‐related pathologies are influenced by the individual nutritional status (prolonged fasting, postprandial situation). This should be considered when using AD‐related biomarkers for screening and diagnostic purposes.

Detection of Selenium in Human Blood and Urine

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the detection method of selenium in human blood and urine, and its important role in disease prevention and treatment. By detecting selenium content in blood and urine, individual selenium nutritional status can be assessed, selenium deficiency or excessive situation can be found in time, and corresponding nutritional intervention measures can be taken to prevent and treat diseases related to selenium. In addition, selenium detection can also provide valuable reference information for clinical treatment and drug development. We believe that there are still many directions worth further research in the field of selenium detection.

Nutritional status of flexitarians compared to vegans and omnivores - a cross-sectional pilot study

BackgroundIn the Western world, there has been a notable rise in the popularity of plant-based, meat-reduced flexitarian diets. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the nutritional status of individuals following this dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intake and endogenous status of various nutrients in a healthy German adult study population consisting of flexitarians (FXs), vegans (Vs) and omnivores (OMNs).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, dietary intake of 94 non-smoking adults (32 FXs, 33 Vs, 29 OMNs) between 25 and 45 years of age was assessed using 3-day dietary records. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine different endogenous nutrient status markers.Results32%, 82% and 24% of the FXs, Vs, and OMNs respectively reported using dietary supplements. In the FXs, intake of total energy as well as macronutrients and most micronutrients were within the reference range. FXs had higher intakes of fiber, retinol-equ., ascorbic acid, folate-equ., tocopherol-equ., calcium, and magnesium compared to OMNs. However, cobalamin intake in FXs (2.12 µg/d) was below the reference (4 µg/d). Based on 4cB12, 13% of FXs showed a cobalamin undersupply [< -0.5 to -2.5] compared to 10% of OMNs, and 9% of Vs. The median 25(OH)D serum concentrations in FXs, Vs and OMNs were 46.6, 55.6, and 59.6 nmol/L. The prevalence of an insufficient/deficient vitamin-D status [< 49.9 nmol 25(OH)D/L] was highest in FXs (53%), followed by Vs (34%) and OMNs (27%). In FXs and Vs, the supplement takers had better cobalamin and vitamin-D status than non-supplement takers. Anemia and depleted iron stores were found only occasionally in all groups. In women, the prevalence of pre-latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency was highest in FXs (67%) compared to Vs (61%) and OMNs (54%).ConclusionOur findings indicated that all three diets delivered sufficient amounts of most macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in cobalamin, vitamin-D, and iron status were common across all diets. Further studies are needed to investigate the nutrient supply status and health consequences of meat-reduced plant-based diets. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (number: DRKS 00019887, data: 08.01.2020).

Nutrisi Pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) Sebagai Dasar Perkembangan Kognitif : Sebuah Kajian Pustaka

Abstract: Nutrition intake during childhood has a significant impact on brain growth and development. Nutritional intake affects an individual's nutritional status. Poor nutritional status will affect the body's condition during the metabolic processes. This literature review utilized various online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. The First 1000 Days of Life, from conception until child 's second birthday is a critical period. In this period, both physical and brain experience rapid growth and development. Therefore, if this period is disrupted, it will affect the development of brain cells and subsequently interfere with the child's growth and development. Optimal growth and development in children is associated with their nutritional status. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients,macronutrients and micronutrients, can lead to growth and development problems. The nervous system serves as the central regulatory hub for the body and plays a crucial role in cognitive abilities. Essential nutrients required for optimal cognitive function such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and various other bioactive compounds. Inadequate nutrition in children can inhibit the processes of growth and development, leading to cognitive impairments. Thus, ensuring sufficient nutrition is crucial for cognitive development.&#x0D;

May Nutritional Status Positively Affect Disease Progression and Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal and Pharyngeal Cancers? A Scoping Review of the Current Clinical Studies.

Malnutrition in esophageal and pharyngeal cancer patients constitutes a common and serious concern, which significantly reduces patients' prognoses. Cancers of the esophagus and the pharynx can considerably impair feeding in patients, resulting in severe undernutrition. This is a scoping review that intends to critically analyze the most well-designed clinical studies investigating the potential beneficial impact of diverse nutritional assessment tools on the prognosis of patients with esophageal and pharyngeal cancers. The most accurate and remarkable scientific databases were comprehensively explored utilizing relative keywords to detect clinical studies that investigate whether nutritional status may affect disease prognosis. Several assessment tools have evaluated and highlighted the potential beneficial impact of nutritional status on disease progression and patients' prognosis in both esophageal and pharyngeal cancers. Regarding esophageal cancer, CONUT, PNI, PG-SGA, and NRS-2002 are more commonly used, while albumin is also frequently evaluated. Regarding pharyngeal cancers, fewer studies are currently available. PNI has been evaluated, and its significance as a factor for shorter survival' times has been highlighted. The Comprehensive Nutritional Index has also been evaluated with positive results, as well as NRS 2002, GPS, and body-weight status. However, there is currently a lack of studies with an adequate number of women with cancer. An international literature gap was identified concerning follow-up studies with adequate methodology. Nutritional status may significantly affect disease progression and patients' survival, highlighting the significance of a great nutritional status in individuals with esophageal and pharyngeal cancers. Further large-scale and well-designed prospective surveys should be performed to verify the potential beneficial effects of adequate nourishment in people suffering from cancer of the esophagus and pharynx.

Nutritional status as predictors for quality of life among caregivers of children with severe cerebral palsy.

Individuals with severe cerebral palsy (CP) often experience various health issues, including feeding difficulties, which can adversely affect their nutritional status and caregivers' quality of life, e.g., more time spent for feeding rather than own selfcare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor nutritional status among individuals with severe CP and explore its role as predictors for caregivers' quality of life. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a government hospital (Cheras Rehabilitation Hospital), Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Program, and Spastic Centre [non-profit organization (NGO)] in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Seventy-one participants with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level IV and V were recruited. Sociodemographic data, health-associated data, and anthropometric data were collected. Caregivers' quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) CP module version 3.0 which included domains such as Movement and Balance, Eating Activities, and School Activities. Most participants were males (60.6%), with 61 classified as level IV in the GMFCS classification. According to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), 59 children were at level IV. In total, 40.8% were underweight according to CP growth chart and 49.3% had mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) readings below the 5th percentile. The lowest scores in the PedsQL CP module version 3.0 were observed in the Daily Activities (5.34±10.87), and School Activities domains (8.15±18.65). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI)-for-age, MUAC, body fat, triceps, and subscapular skinfold measurement, were predictors for the School Activities domain [F (11, 44)=3.981, P<0.005, R2=0.499]. Poor nutritional status in individuals with severe CP has been shown to negatively impact caregivers' quality of life. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving nutritional intervention is essential to improve dietary provision and the nutritional status of children with CP.