Maintenance Of Nutrition Research Articles

Influence of sire plane of nutrition and targeted body weight gain on ewe lamb growth, glucose metabolism, and ovarian reserve.

Rambouillet rams were managed on either a positive (POS; gain 12% body weight [BW]; n = 8), maintenance (MAINT; maintain BW; n = 8), or negative (NEG; lose 12% BW; n = 8) plane of nutrition before breeding. Rams were bred to ewes (n = 10 per ram) that were managed similarly throughout gestation, and lambs were fed a common diet postnatally. Two ewe lambs (7.6 ± 0.02 months of age, BW = 47.1 ± 1.17kg) from each sire were selected and within pair, randomly assigned to be managed for a moderate (MOD, 0.11kg/d; n = 23) or accelerated (ACC, 0.20kg/d; n = 22) rate of gain for 56 d. Ewe lamb BW was recorded on a weekly basis and blood was collected on d 0, 28, and 56 for analysis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were conducted from d -7 to -4 and d 57 to 64. A unilateral ovariectomy was performed and ovarian follicles were staged and counted macro and microscopically. Sire treatment × day and ewe treatment × day interactions were present for BW (P ≤ 0.05), where POS had slower growth than MAINT and NEG, and tended (P = 0.10) to have reduced average daily gain (ADG) when managed at an accelerated rate of gain.By design, ACC had greater BW and ADG than MOD (P < 0.05). Concentrations of IGF-1 and T4 were greater in ACC than MOD (P ≤ 0.05), and NEG tended to have greater concentrations of IGF-1 than POS and MAINT (P = 0.08). At the first IVGTT, concentration of insulin was influenced by a sire treatment × time interaction (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting impaired secretion in NEG-sires ewes, but no differences in area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, or their ratio (P ≥ 0.11). No interactive effects of sire and ewe treatment (P ≥ 0.52) were observed at the second IVGTT, but insulin and insulin:glucose ratio were influenced by sire treatment × time (P ≤ 0.02), as NEG had greater insulin concentration at 60min than MAINT (P = 0.03) and greater AUC than POS and MAINT (P ≤ 0.04). No differences in ovary size, weight, or total counts of macro and microscopic follicles were observed (P ≥ 0.23). Ewes fed ACC had a greater number of small surface follicles (P = 0.02), whereas MOD tended to have a greater number of large surface follicles and tertiary follicles (P < 0.06). These findings suggest that paternal plane of nutrition influences female offspring physiology, particularly at varying growth rates.

Effect of peer education on improving parental knowledge about nutrition in children

The knowledge about nutrition in children is essential for parents, who play a significant role in ensuring proper growth and development. Many parents lack awareness about proper maintenance of nutrition for children. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education on parental knowledge about the nutritional status of children.A pre-experimental method was used and respondents comprised 20 parents of students from elementary school in Palembang City. Data was collected using a questionnaire before and after the intervention.The result showed that there was an increase in parental knowledge with a p-value =0,001 according to the Wilcoxon test. The mean values before and after intervention were 16.8 and 21.8, respectively. Intervention through peer education improved parental knowledge about achieving balanced nutrition in children. Parents were also empowered to share information with others regarding the knowledge obtained through trusted sources. This information entailed nutritional status, appropriate nutrient uptake, and optimized physical activity for children.The integration of peer education resulted in a substantial increase in the average level of parental knowledge after the intervention.

Manganese tetraphenylporphyrin and carbon nanocoil interface-based electrochemical sensing of tyrosine.

Tyrosine is one of the essential metabolites present in the human body for nutritional maintenance and normal physiological functioning. Its concentration in the body is crucial in predicting various hereditary, emotional, and physiological disorders. Therefore, quantitative monitoring of tyrosine in clinical samples is indispensable. We state the use of carbon nanocoils/manganese tetraphenylporphyrin convened glassy carbon electrode (CNC/MnTPP/GC) for the streamlined electrochemical sensing of tyrosine. Cutting-edge analytical techniques were employed to perform a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of the synthesized materials. To investigate the electrochemical properties, various techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronocoulometry were employed. CNC/MnTPP/GC displayed an optimal response at pH 5 and exhibited remarkable linearity within the concentration range of 0.05 to 100 μM for tyrosine. Using DPV, it demonstrated a low limit of detection (21 nM ± 1.17) and a sensitivity of 0.12 μA μM-1 cm-2. CNC/MnTPP/GC displayed excellent performance in terms of repeatability, reproducibility, and stability for up to 30 days, making it suitable for real-time analysis, particularly in the analysis of tyrosine in blood serum. Notably, CNC/MnTPP/GC showcased a superior detection limit compared to previously reported methods.

An Observational Study of Nutritional Assessment, Prescription, Practices, and Its Outcome among Critically Ill Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit.

Optimal feeding strategy for critically ill patients of intensive care unit (ICU) is often a matter of debate as patients admitted to ICU are highly catabolic and reduction in muscle mass is very common. We aimed at early achievement of nutritional goals in preventing skeletal muscle breakdown and improving clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with high risk of malnutrition. Nutrition risk in the critically ill (mNUTRIC) Score was used to identify the risk of malnutrition within 24 hours of admission. Quadriceps muscle mass index was measured within 24 hours of admission to ICU and repeated on 7th day. Enteral feeding was monitored by the nutrition expert as part of routine patient care and clinical outcomes were monitored. A total of 287 patients admitted in ICU were screened for malnutrition and 60 (20.9%) of them had high score (>5). There was no statistically significant reduction in the quadriceps muscle mass index (p < 0.05) (t = 0.601) measured within 24 hours of admission and on the 7th day of ICU stay, signifying that the nutritional prescription and monitoring may be useful in preserving the muscle mass. This study did not find statistically significant association between the high mNUTRIC score on admission and the clinical outcomes, such as 28 days mortality, incidence of pressure ulcers, length of ICU stay, and hospital-acquired infection (p > 0.05). Early initiation and maintenance of enteral nutrition is essential for meeting target calories and protein requirements. It may help to preserve muscle mass in critically ill patients who are otherwise at high risk of malnutrition. Sharon T, Nayak SG, Shanbhag V, Hebbar S. An Observational Study of Nutritional Assessment, Prescription, Practices, and Its Outcome among Critically Ill Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(4):364-368.

Dietary Habit And Nutritional Status In Forcibly Displaced Myanmar National Adolescents

Background: Adolescence is a unique intervention point in the life-cycle for a number of reasons. Malnutrition is an important cause of adolescent morbidity &amp; growth retardation. Appropriate feeding practice, hygiene and sanitation can reduce these consequences through maintenance of nutrition and prevention of infection.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 268 respondents in 5, 8, 8w,18 camp situated in Ukhiya upazila, Cox’s Bazar. Data were collected by convenient sampling through face to face interview using semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software.&#x0D; Results: The study found that highest number (37.7%) of the respondents were in age group of 16 to 19 years. Majority (75.7%) respondent have formal education up to primary school. Drinking water were 100% tube well water, living house were 100% kacha. Majority of the adolescents (87%) were unmarried, 58.2% had family size of 4-6 person, 95.1% were unemployed. Most (67%) of the respondents had thinness (underweight) and 7% adolescents had severe thinness (underweight). According to z-score, 23% and 7% were severely stunted. According to Food Consumption Score, 69.9% of the respondents had borderline consumption and 19.7% had poor consumption. Only 1.2% of the respondents went to bed hungry due to shortage of food. Chi-square test showed statistically significant relationship was found between nutritional status and age of the respondents (p&lt;0.05), but no significant relationship was found between nutritional status and sex of the respondents (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Although undernutrition was found in the most of the aspects, attention could be given to improve balanced diet, improve accommodation facilities, availability of safe drinking water, availability of education for all FDMNs living in the camp to improve overall nutritional status.&#x0D; JOPSOM 2021; 41(2):50-56

Divergent planes of nutrition in mature rams influences body composition, hormone and metabolite concentrations, and offspring birth measurements, but not semen characteristics or offspring growth.

Objectives of this experiment were to characterize the effects of ram plane of nutrition on body composition, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, sperm characteristics, and offspring outcomes. Mature Rambouillet rams (n = 24, BW = 82.9 ± 2.63kg) were individually housed and randomly assigned to either a positive (POS; n = 8), maintenance (MAINT; n = 8), or negative (NEG; n = 8) plane of nutrition for an 84-day feeding period. Rams were fed a common diet, with daily feed allocations adjusted weekly based on body weight (BW) to achieve the targeted weight gain or loss (approximately 12% of initial BW). On 0, 28, 56, and 84-d, body condition score (BCS) and scrotal circumference (SC) were recorded, and blood and semen were collected. Following the feeding period, rams were placed in pens with 10 ewes each for a 28-d breeding period. Ewes were managed similarly throughout gestation and body weight and measurements were recorded at birth and weaning. Data were analyzed as repeated measures in time where appropriate with the mixed procedure of SAS, and individual ram was the experimental unit for all analysis. Ram BW was influenced by a treatment × day interaction (P < 0.001), with POS (0.12 ± 0.01kg) having greater daily weight change than MAINT (0.1 ± 0.01kg), which was greater than NEG (-0.12 ± 0.01kg). Ram BCS and SC were influenced by treatment × day interactions (P ≤ 0.01), being similar on day 0 but POS being greater than NEG by day 56. Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and T3:T4 ratio exhibited treatment × day interactions (P ≤ 0.02), as POS had greater values than NEG by day 84 (P ≤ 0.02). Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 was greater in POS than MAINT and NEG (P ≤ 0.02), and non-esterified fatty acids and thyroxine (T4) were influenced by a day effect (P ≤ 0.01), but testosterone was unaffected (P ≥ 0.09). Minimal differences in semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, or morphology were observed among treatments (P ≥ 0.31). A similar proportion of ewes bred by rams in the respective treatments lambed and weaned lambs (P ≥ 0.54). Birth weight, chest circumference, and shoulder-hip length were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in NEG lambs compared with POS and MAINT; however, no differences were detected in weaning weight and weaning body measurements (P ≥ 0.40). Findings suggest paternal nutrition during the period of sperm development may influence offspring outcomes, potentially as a result of in-utero programming of paternal origin.

Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees. One possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption, foliar leaching and senesced leaves. However, the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly documented. An experiment in a beech forest in Meuse (France) was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period. The aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees. Monitoring nutrient dynamics, including resorption, chemistry of green and senesced leaves, foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years (i.e., with an intense drought event during the growing season). During dry years, we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium (K) partitioning to resorption (i.e. resorption efficiency), thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season. This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades, there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees, as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study site. Reduced foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus (P) were also observed. In addition, a slight increase in nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree nutrition. The calcium (Ca) negative resorption decreased, with no apparent consequence in our study site. Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf pool can be modified by drought events, and may have consequences on tree nutrition.

Prognostic nutritional index is a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer and esophagogastric junction cancer undergoing proximal gastrectomy with esophagogastrostomy by the double-flap technique: A secondary analysis of the rD-FLAP study

PurposeAlthough proximal gastrectomy (PG) is commonly used in patients with upper gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer, long-term prognostic factors in these patients are poorly understood. The double-flap technique (DFT) is an esophagogastrostomy with anti-reflux mechanism after PG; we previously conducted a multicenter retrospective study (rD-FLAP) to evaluate the short-term outcomes of DFT reconstruction. Here, we evaluated the long-term prognostic factors in patients with upper GC and EGJ cancer. MethodsThe study was conducted as a secondary analysis of the rD-FLAP Study, which enrolled patients who underwent PG with DFT reconstruction, irrespective of disease type, between January 1996 and December 2015. ResultsA total of 509 GC and EGJ cancer patients were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival demonstrated that a preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) < 45 (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR]: 3.59, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.93–6.67) was an independent poor prognostic factor alongside pathological T factor ([pT] ≥2) (p = 0.010, HR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.22–4.30) and pathological N factor ([pN] ≥1) (p = 0.001, HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.66–6.46). In patients with preoperative PNI ≥45, PNI change (<90%) at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.019, HR: 2.54, 95%CI: 1.16–5.54) was an independent poor prognostic factor, for which operation time (≥300 min) and blood loss (≥200 mL) were independent risk factors. No independent prognostic factors were identified in patients with preoperative PNI <45. ConclusionsPNI is a prognostic factor in upper GC and EGJ cancer patients. Preoperative nutritional enhancement and postoperative nutritional maintenance are important for prognostic improvement in these patients.

Evaluation and Speech Therapy in Oncological Dysphagia and Paralysis of Recurrential Nerve: Case Report

Background: Dysphagia is a frequent and serious complication of oncological pathologies. It can occur in head and neck neoplasms undergoing demolitive surgery; but also as a complication of radiotherapy treatments of the same district. Aim: The description of this clinical case highlights how rehabilitation and speech therapy can improve oral nutritional skills. Materials and Methods: An intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation was performed initially in hospitalization and then in an outpatient setting with postural and pharyngo-laryngeal district exercises. Conclusion: The results demonstrated an improvement in swallowing ability and maintenance of oral nutrition, albeit with modification of food consistency. There have been excellent results in improving the quality of life and maintaining the patient’s social and family skills.

Nutrition of the preterm infant with persistent ductus arteriosus: existing evidence and practical implications.

The persistence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in preterm infants with a prevalence inversely proportional to gestational age. PDA is associated with mild-to-severe gastrointestinal complications such as feeding intolerance, gastrointestinal perforation, and necrotizing enterocolitis, which represent a major challenge for the nutritional management in preterm infants. In this context, the Section on Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Metabolism and the Circulation Section of the European Society for Pediatric Research have joined forces to review the current knowledge on nutritional issues related to PDA in preterm infants. The aim of the narrative review is to discuss the clinical implications for nutritional practice. Because there is little literature on postnatal nutrition and PDA in preterm infants, further research with well-designed studies on this topic is urgently needed. Guidelines should also be developed to clearly define the implementation and course of enteral nutrition and the target nutritional intake before, during, and after pharmacologic or surgical treatment of PDA, when indicated. IMPACT: Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with gastrointestinal complications such as feeding intolerance, gastrointestinal perforation, and necrotizing enterocolitis, which pose a major challenge to the nutritional management of preterm infants. In PDA infants, fluid restriction may lead to inadequate nutrient intake, which may negatively affect postnatal growth and long-term health. The presence of PDA does not appear to significantly affect mesenteric blood flow and splanchnic oxygenation after enteral feedings. Initiation or maintenance of enteral nutrition can be recommended in infants with PDA.

Detection of Complications Associated With Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Patients With Haemorrhagic Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Stroke poses the greatest disease burden in hospital admission among the non communicable diseases (NCD’s). In majority of cases haemorrhagic stroke is the common neurological problem. Many of the patients develop swallowing difficulty and require nasogastric feeding for maintenance of nutrition. But this feeding can be a double-edged sword as it can lead to many complications due to various factors including errors in the feeding method, dislodgement of the tube and many other causes. Our intention was to look into this neglected part of clinical practice as this is mostly handled by internists. Objectives: To evaluate the complications of nasogastric tube feeding practice on haemorrhagic stroke patients. Materials and methods: One hundred (100) adult patients aged between 18- 70 years with haemorrhagic strokeas enrolled in the study. Haemorrhagic stroke was diagnosed by the clinical presentation, neuroimaging (CT scan/ MRI). Patients requiring nasogastric tube feeding were included in the study. They were systematically examined for any complications related to use of nasogastric tube. Their caregivers were also thoroughly interviewed using a standard pre formed questionnaire regarding any complications as well. All data were be collected by using a preformed data sheet and results were presented in standard method after statistical analysis. Results: Of the 100 patients studied, most common age group for stroke was 51-60 years (53%). Male to female ratio was 2.22:1. In this study population, 70% had intracerebral haemorrhage, 24% had Sub arachnoid haemorrhage and 6% had aneurysmal haemorrhage. The most common indication for NG feeding was difficulty in swallowing (39%). Other common indications were semi consciousness (26%), unconsciousness (22%), inability to maintain feed (10%). Around 71 % of the patients had complications from NG tube feeding. Out of them, 53% of the patients had nasal irritation where 63.15%was suffering from intracerebral haemorrhage, 31.57% and 5.26% were suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhagic and aneurysmal haemorrhage respectively. 40 % patients developed aspiration pneumonia, out of them 65.51%wasintracerebral haemorrhage, 31.03% was subarachnoid haemorrhagie ,3.44% was aneurysmal haemorrhage. 38% of the patients were developed diarrhea. Diarrhoea was reported by 66.66%, 29.62%, 3.70% in intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhagic and aneurysmal haemorrhage respectively. 53% had tube blockage, out of them intracerebral haemorrhage 71.05%, subarachnoid haemorrhage 23.68%, aneurysmal haemorrhage 2.63%. 43% of the patients had electrolyte imbalance, among them intracerebral haemorrhage 67.74% and subarachnoid haemorrhage 32.25%. Tube displacement was experienced by intracerebral haemorrhage 74.16%, subarachnoid haemorrhage 25.80% and 18% of the patients were malnourished. Conclusion: NG tube feeding is an integral part of management of stroke patients with feeding difficulties. But often it is associated with various complications which can increase the morbidities in stroke patients. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2022; 31(1) : 77-85

Esophageal and Gastric Stricture Formation Following Corrosive Ingestion in Our Local Population

Corrosive substances are defined as chemicals which cause injury upon coming in contact with living tissues such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and eyes. These include acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, hydrocarbons among others. Objective: To determine the frequency and difference in the frequency of upper gastrointestinal stricture formation following corrosive ingestion in the gastroenterology unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Methods: This cross- sectional study was held in the Gastroenterology unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 16th July, 2019 to 16th Jan, 2019. Detailed history was taken from the patient and the container of the chemical ingested was examined to find out the duration since ingestion, amount of chemical ingested, and the type of chemical ingested (acid or alkali). Results: Mean and SD for age was 35 ± 5.55. Mean and SDs for duration since ingestion. Mean and SDs for amount of corrosive ingestion was 24 ± 1.54. 50 (34.48%) patients were recorded in 10-25 years’ age group and 95 (65.51%) patients were recorded in 26-40 years’ age group. 97 (66.89%) patients were male, and 48 (33.10%) patients were female. 41 (28.27%) patients had acidic corrosion and 104 (71.72%) patients had alkali corrosion. As per frequencies and percentages for stricture formation, 57 (39.31%) patients had stricture formation. Conclusions: Although the mortality and morbidity of corrosive gastric injuries is high, the key to improve the survival is early identification of perforation, maintenance of nutrition and control of sepsis.

Complications Associated with Nasogastric Tube Feeding among Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City

Background: Many stroke patients develop swallowing difficulty and require nasogastric feeding for the maintenance of nutrition.&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the complications of nasogastric tube feeding practice on stroke patients.&#x0D; Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to September 2014 in the Department of Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years with stroke was enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of stroke was established by the clinical presentation and neuroimaging. Patients requiring nasogastric tube feeding was included in the study and were systematically examined for any complications related to use of nasogastric tube. Their caregivers were also thoroughly interviewed using a standard pre formed questionnaire regarding any complications as well.&#x0D; Results: Of the 100 patients studied, most common age group for stroke was 51 to 60 years (53.0%). Male to female ratio was 2.22:1. In this study population, 63.0% patients had ischaemic stroke; 26.0% had haemorrhagic stroke; 9.0% population had subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most common indication for NG feeding was difficulty in swallowing (39.0%). Other common indications were semi-consciousness (26%), unconsciousness (22.0%), inability to maintain feed (10.0%). Around 71.0% of the patients had complications from NG tube feeding. Out of them, 53.0% of the patients had nasal irritation, 40.0% patients developed aspiration pneumonia. 38.0% of the patients developed diarrhea, 53.0% had tube blockage. 43.0% of the patients had electrolyte imbalance and tube displacement, 18.0% of the patients were malnourished.&#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion nasogastric tube feeding is associated with various complications which can increase the morbidities in stroke patients.&#x0D; Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):136-142

Area to “Watch Out” for Dental Caries in Schoolchildren of Age 3–12 Years Based on Dental Health Diet Score – A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among children of age 3–12 years based on the dental health diet score (DHDS). Settings and Design: Dental caries in children is evaluated using food score, nutrient score, and sweet score. Materials and Methods: A total of 2288 children were screened/examined, for the presence of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index, by randomly selecting 10 schools within a radius of 5 km. Informed written parental consent was obtained. A closed-ended questionnaire which included a diet chart was given 2 days before the examination. All children aged 3–12 years were included in the study. DHDS was calculated and compared with standard chart. All data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 (IBM Corp.), with the P &lt; 0.05 value considered statistically significant. Results: Dental health diet score values obtained from the present study shows that, 71.8% children were in badly need of diet counselling and diet modification, 13.7% of children were need to be educated and 15.5% of children were just need to be motivated. On comparing the DHDS score with the dental caries, the mean dmft/DMFT score of “not adequate and barely adequate” categories was 2.3 ± 1.8 and 2.4 ± 2.1, respectively. Their values were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Area to “Watch-out” for dental caries in children – Malnutrition. Equal emphasis is needed in both avoidance of sugary foods and maintenance of proper nutrition in children.

Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frailty: Focus on Diagnosis and Treatment.

Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.

Nutritional Requirements of Dairy Buffalo

Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the most important livestock species populated largely in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Balanced and economical feeding of Buffalo is extremely important for optimum productivity. Lower production is mainly due to the scarcity of feeds and unbalanced feeding practices. Proper nutritional management is the key to a successful Buffalo reproduction and health program. Increasing milk production of cattle through increasing dietary energy level is recognized in enhancing lactation potential. Buffaloes are mainly fed on crop residues and local grasses and need to be supplemented with deficient minerals for proper production performance. However, various problems must be discussed, including determining nutritional needs for buffalo growth, nutritional maintenance of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, and recognition and utilization of the buffalo gut environment. Improved dairy buffalo nutrition in developing countries would involve extensive organized research and extension measures.

Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the postharvest quality of mulberry leaf vegetable

Fresh mulberry leaf vegetable is nutritive and becoming popular. However, available preservation technologies are deficient. In present work, the effects of two kinds of modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest quality of fresh mulberry leaf vegetable stored at 4 °C were evaluated. The respiration rate of samples in the modified polyethylene packages (MP20) was 12.88–22.65% lower than that in normal polyethylene packaging (CK). The content of total soluble solids, soluble protein, and total polyphenol in MP20 was less changed than that in CK, and the vitamin C retention was higher as well. Moreover, the lignin content in MP20 was lower than that in CK during storage (19.79% vs 13.38% at day 8), and that was significantly positively related to the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities inhibition. Taken together, a packaging with moderate gas permeability (MP20) is suitable for nutrition maintenance and lignification inhibition of fresh mulberry leaf vegetable during cold storage.

Lipidomics Reveals That Rice or Flour as a Single Source of Carbohydrates Cause Adverse Health Effects in Rats.

The type of diet is very important for the maintenance of health and nutrition. How the sole source of carbohydrates from rice- or flour-based diet affect blood sugar has not been elucidated for a long time. In order to explore the effects of these diets, sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (C group, AIN-93, standard diet), rice diet group (R group), and flour diet group (F group). All the rats were fed for 7 weeks in total by the assigned diets for 4 weeks (stage 1, S1) and all by the AIN-93 diet for 3 weeks (stage 2, S2). The body weights of all the rats were monitored and serum samples were taken for testing blood glucose, biochemical indicators and untargeted lipidome. It was found that both rice and flour-based diets caused weight gain, but the flour diet had a significant increase in blood sugar and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while a significant decrease in albumin (ALB) and triglycerides (TG). Twenty-three and 148 lipids were changed by lipidomics in the rice diet group and flour diet group, respectively, and two lipids showed the same changes in the two groups, all belonging to TGs, namely TG (16:0/16:0/16:1) and TG (16:0/16:1/18:2), which showed that a single diet source had a significant effect on the health of rats. Fortunately, we can recover this effect through the subsequent standard diet, allowing the rats to return to normal blood sugar, weight and biochemical indicators. A model can predict the diet types through the logistic regression method. Finally, we proposed that a single diet increased blood sugar and weight through a decrease in TGs, and blood sugar and weight returned to normal after a standard diet. Taken together, the short-term negative effects caused by a single diet can be recovered by a standard diet and further proves the importance of diet types.

Development and the art of nutritional maintenance.

Development from early conceptus to a complex, multi-cellular organism is a highly ordered process that is dependent on an adequate supply of nutrients. During this process, the pattern of organ growth is robust, driven by a genetic blueprint and matched to anticipated body mass with high precision and with built-in physiological reserve capacity. This apparent canalisation of the developmental process is particularly sensitive to variation in environmental stimuli, such as inappropriate drug or hormone exposure, or pattern of nutrient delivery. Significant variation in any of these factors can profoundly affect fetal and neonatal growth patterns, with later detriment for physiological function and/or reserve capacity of the resultant adult, with potential health impact. This paradigm shift in science has become known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Over the last 30 years, many animal and clinical studies have vastly expanded our fundamental knowledge of developmental biology, particularly in the context of later effects on health. In this horizons article, we discuss DOHaD through the lens of nutritional quality (e.g. micronutrient, amino acid, NSP intake). The concept of ‘Quality’ was considered undefinable by Robert Persig in his book, ‘Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance’. Here, development and the art of nutritional maintenance will define quality in terms of the pattern of nutrient intake, the quality of development and how each interact to influence later health outcomes.

COVID-19 Bağlamında Temel Üreme, Anne, Yenidoğan, Çocuk, Ergen Sağlığı ve Beslenme Hizmetlerinin Sürdürülmesine İlişkin Etki Değerlendirmesi: Kuzey-Orta Nijerya'dan İçgörü

Objective: In the context of COVID-19 in North Central Nigeria, a qualitative interview study was conducted to assess the impact on the maintenance of essential sexual, reproductive, maternal newborn, child, adolescent healthy plus nutrition serves (RMNCAH+N). &#x0D; Methods: This proposition aligns with the global crusade of the United Nations Sustainable development goals (UNSDGs 2.3.8) that highlights good nutrition (zero hunger) access to quality healthy and sustainable economic growth path. To this end, a field survey design was done qualitatively. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used in the qualitative analysis, which was based on typical interview schedules. During the study period, a total of 258 people from six different communities participated in the KII and FGD interviews. &#x0D; Results: Key study findings outline eight major master essential concepts, such as healthcare workers reporting a variety of tough emotions and psychological issues. These included insufficient medical equipment’s, dissatisfaction with members of the public who did not observe social distancing norms, concerns about protecting their loved ones from infection, increased workload, and changing working conditions, insufficient personal protective equipment kits (PPE), and a sense that their frontline work was being undermined. &#x0D; Conclusion: There was also a significant increase in gender-based violence. Further policy suggestions are outlined in the concluding section.