Level Of Nutrition Knowledge Research Articles

Efficacy of a Brief Intervention to Improve the Levels of Nutrition and Physical Exercise Knowledge Among Primary School Learners in Tshwane, South Africa: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The prevalence of childhood obesity in South Africa necessitates the design and implementation of interventions to improve the levels of physical activity and nutrition among school-age children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to improve knowledge regarding exercise and nutrition among primary school learners in Tshwane, South Africa, using a quasi-experimental single-group, pre–post-test design. A total of 86 primary school learners from two primary schools participated in the intervention, which was guided by the Analysis Grid for Obesity-Linked Environments (ANGELO). Descriptive statistics were analysed using the frequency distribution while inferential statistics used the t-test to compare the means of nutrition and exercise knowledge pre- and post-intervention. All primary school learners were able to access the nutrition and exercise information. The mean nutrition knowledge (pre- and post-test) was 0.914 and the mean exercise knowledge (pre- and post-test) was 0.8464. The primary school learners’ levels of knowledge on diet and physical exercise were improved by the brief intervention. It is recommended that this initiative be supported, continued, and duplicated in schools throughout Tshwane.

Clustering of diet and physical activity behaviours in adolescents across home and school area-level deprivation in Cameroon, South Africa, and Jamaica

BackgroundAdolescence is a crucial period for establishing healthy behaviours that can reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases. However, limited data exist on the clustering of health-related behaviours, in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined how diet and physical activity behaviours cluster and how they are influenced by home and school area-level deprivation.MethodsThe study surveyed 527 adolescents in Yaoundé (Cameroon), Kingston (Jamaica), and Cape Town (South Africa) and grouped them into three categories according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of their homes and school areas (low-low, low-high, and high-high). A k-median algorithm defined three clusters and measured dietary attributes including Dietary Habit Score (DHS), Healthy Food Score (HFS), Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (NKQ), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time using validated questionnaires. The clusters were ranked based on their physical activity levels and compared them within each city using statistical tests.ResultsThe scores on the NKQ and HFS indicated a poor level of both nutritional knowledge and healthy food consumption across sites. Cluster analysis revealed a consistent pattern of high screen time clustering with lower (less healthy) dietary scores across sites. This pattern was consistent regardless of SES in Kingston, and SES and school socioeconomic areas in Cape Town and Yaoundé.ConclusionAn inverse clustering of sedentary behaviour duration and eating habits remained consistent across different strata for at least two sites, suggesting that interventions to reduce sedentary time could have a ripple effect on multiple NCD risk factors in adolescence.

Assessment of the General Nutrition Knowledge of Students from the University of Novi Sad (Vojvodina, Serbia).

Background: Healthy nutrition is necessary for a good quality of life and reduction in the risk of developing diseases. Research indicates that students do not usually have healthy eating habits. Knowledge about nutrition, dietary guidelines, food groups and the nutrients they contain, the selection and adequate preparation of food, and the health consequences of unhealthy nutrition can influence the eating habits of students. Until recently, no research had been conducted on university-level students' nutrition knowledge in Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge of students from the University of Novi Sad (Vojvodina, Serbia) in relation to gender, year of study, academic field of study, and nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from December 2021 to July 2022, on 898 students (72.9% female and 27.1% male, with an average age of 22.87 ± 3.092). An online survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument. An assessment of nutrition knowledge was performed using the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for the following domains: dietary recommendations; food groups and the nutrients they contain; healthy food choices; and diet, disease and weight associations. Results: Significant differences in students' assessed knowledge levels were determined across various domains of healthy nutrition. The highest level of nutrition knowledge was in healthy food choices, and the lowest was in understanding food groups and nutrient composition. The total determined knowledge about healthy nutrition correlated most with self-assessed knowledge of food groups, and least with knowledge of dietary recommendations. Female gender and higher years of study were associated with higher nutrition knowledge. Students from the Faculty of Medicine had the highest nutrition knowledge, followed by students from the Faculty of Technology and the Faculty of Science, compared to students from other faculties. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving students' understanding of specific nutritional concepts, ultimately empowering them to make informed dietary decisions for lifelong health and wellbeing.

Relationship Between Early Marriage and Mother’s Levels of Knowledge with Nutritional Status

<p>Early marriage still needs to be a concern due to the high incidence of cases and the impact it has on the health and nutritional status of toddlers. One of the long-term effects of early marriage is stunting, namely impaired growth and development in toddlers due to malnutrition. This study aims to explore the relationship between maternal age at marriage and nutrition knowledge levels with the nutritional status of toddlers. This research uses observational research with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 48 mothers of toddlers with a history of early marriage. Data analysis used Spearman’s Rank test. The results showed that most of the mothers of toddlers married in their early adolescence (14 to 18 years), namely 29 people (60.4%). As many as 58.3% of toddlers have poor nutritional status, and 1.7% are in the good nutritional status category. The majority of mothers’ knowledge related to nutrition is lacking, as many as 24 (50%). There is a significant relationship between levels of a mother’s knowledge about nutrition and the nutritional status of toddlers with a <em>p</em>-value of 0.001. However, mothers who marry early need to increase their understanding of balanced nutrition in toddlers to prevent malnutrition. Future research needs to look at the nutritional status of toddlers based on the education level of mothers of toddlers who marry early, which may be one of the causes of malnutrition status in toddlers.</p>

Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Young and Adults Athletes (NUKYA)

Background. NUKYA was prepared to determine the level of sports nutrition knowledge among people teenagers and adults. Objective. This research aims to translate and validate NUKYA into Indonesian. Method. The Indonesian version of the NUKYA questionnaire was evaluated for content validity and reliability by 6 experts and 30 respondents. The content validity of the questionnaire is measured using the item content validity index and the scale content validity index. The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s α value. Results. The Indonesian version of NUKYA has an I-CVI of 0.98 and an S-CVI/UA of 0.91; Cronbach’s α 0.74 Conclusions. The Indonesian version of NUKYA is valid and reliable for measuring the level of nutritional knowledge of adolescent and adult athletes in Indonesia.

Correlation The Level of Nutritional Knowledge, Breakfast Consumption Patterns With Nutritional Status of Age Students 10-12 MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri

Children aged 10–12 years need significant energy due to their rapid growth and active lifestyles. Their nutritional status is influenced by nutritional knowledge and breakfast habits. To examine the relationship between nutritional knowledge, breakfast habits, and nutritional status of students aged 10–12 years at MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri. A cross-sectional study with 40 students using questionnaires for nutritional knowledge, SQ-FFQ interviews to evaluate breakfast habits, and BMI for age index to determine nutritional status. Spearman correlation tests were used for analysis. The study found that 62.5% had low nutritional knowledge, 60% had infrequent breakfast habits, and 65% were malnourished. There is a significant relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge and nutritional status (p=0.000, r=0.688) and between the habit of rarely eating breakfast and poor nutritional status (p=0.000, r=0.812). There is a significant relationship between nutritional knowledge, breakfast habits, and nutritional status of students aged 10–12 years at MI Dakwatul Khoiriyah Kediri. Students should have daily breakfast to meet nutritional needs and improve nutritional status.

The Relationship of the Level of Nutritional Knowledge and Fat Intake to Cholesterol Levels in PT Employees Bolaang Mongondow District Tourism Management

Background: The quality of human resources is the main factor required for the successful implementation of business in the company. Labour productivity has a very important role in the development of human resources in the company. Empirical evidence shows that the quality of human resources can be determined by good nutritional status, and good nutritional status is determined by nutritional knowledge, the amount of food intake consumed and a person's physical activity. Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge and cholesterol levels and fat intake among employees of PT Tata Wisata JRBM Bakan, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Study Design: This type of research is analytical with a cross sectional approach. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at PT. Bakan Village Tourism Arrangement, Bolaang Mongondow Regency in November 2023. Methods: The population in this study were all employees of PT. Tata Wisata – JRBM Bakan Regency. Bolaang Mongondow aged 20-49 years, a total of 49 people. The samples in this study were 33 samples which were determined using the Slovin formula.Data collection was obtained from measuring cholesterol levels, fat intake using a 24-hour food recall form and nutritional knowledge by giving questionnaires to the sample. Results: The results of research and data analysis of a large sample with high category nutritional knowledge were 20 samples (60.6%). The fat intake of most samples was in the category above requirements for 18 samples (33%). Most of the cholesterol levels were at the threshold of high cholesterol levels in 14 samples (42.4%) and high cholesterol in 4 samples (12.1%). There is no relationship between nutritional knowledge and fat intake with a p value of (0.629). There is a relationship between fat intake and cholesterol levels with a p value (0.000). There is no relationship between nutritional knowledge and cholesterol levels with a p value of (0.882). From this research it can be concluded that of the 3 variables tested, namely nutritional knowledge, cholesterol levels and fat intake, only fat intake and cholesterol levels have a relationship.

The Correlation between Knowledge of Food Sustainability, Sustainable Eating Attitudes, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Blue- and White-Collar Employees

To enhance and advance both human and planetary health, it is imperative to transition towards more sustainable nutrition approaches. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the levels of sustainability and sustainable nutrition knowledge, attitudes towards sustainable nutrition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) among blue- and white-collar employees. This study included 210 adults, half of whom were white-collar employees, with the other half being blue-collar employees. Sociodemographic data were collected, and anthropometric measurements were performed. The Questionnaire on Food Sustainability Knowledge and Attitudes to Sustainable Eating and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) were also included in the applied survey. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 h dietary records. The mean age was 41.9 ± 10.87 years. Of the participants, 56.2% were classified as being overweight or obese. The level of knowledge on the concept of “food sustainability” among all participants was 30.5%. The mean MEDAS score of all the participants was 5.4 ± 1.90, and 74.8% of all the participants did not follow the MD. Positive correlations were found between the MEDAS score and the Sustainable Diet Definition score (r = 0.174) (p ˂ 0.05) and Sustainable Eating Attitude score (r = 0.312) (p ˂ 0.001). Negative correlations were found between the MEDAS score and body weight (r = −0.320; p ˂ 0.001), BMI (r = −0.249; p ˂ 0.001), waist circumference (r = −0.278; p ˂ 0.001), and PBF (r = −0.177; p ˂ 0.05). We found that, as the level of sustainable nutrition knowledge increased, sustainable nutrition behaviors improved, and as adherence to the MD increased, the incidence of obesity decreased.

Nurses' knowledge and related factors towards hemodialysis patients' nutrition: A systematic review

This systematic review was conducted with the objective of assessing the nurses' knowledge and related factors towards hemodialysis patients' nutrition. A thorough and systematic search was executed across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database. The search utilized keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings, including “knowledge”, “nurses”, “hemodialysis”, and “nutrition”, and covered all available literature up to March 11, 2024. The quality of the studies incorporated into this systematic review was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool). The review encompassed six cross-sectional studies, involving a total of 455 hemodialysis nurses. Among the participants, 57.47% were female. The geographical distribution of the studies included in this review was as follows: four studies were conducted in Iraq, one in Italy and one in Greece. The mean nutritional knowledge score among hemodialysis nurses, as reported in six studies, was 57.40 out of 100. This score suggests a moderate level of nutritional knowledge among the nurses. Several factors, such as age, level of education, and years of experience, were identified as being associated with the nutritional knowledge of hemodialysis nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing policymakers and managers focus on these factors to enhance the nutritional knowledge among hemodialysis nurses. This could potentially lead to improved patient outcomes in the hemodialysis setting.

5A's Behavior Change Model Improves Nutrition Knowledge and Intake Among Adolescent Athletes.

This study compared the effects of 12 weeks of intensive nutrition education (IE) using the 5A's behavioral change model and basic nutrition education (BE) on nutritional knowledge and nutrient intake among Korean adolescent athletes. This study included elite adolescent athletes (IE group: n = 65, BE group: n = 65) at a physical education high school in Seoul. In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, the athletes' body composition, nutritional knowledge, nutrient intake, and self-management practices were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. Both groups had increased levels of nutrition knowledge between pre- and post-test, but the change in total score for nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in the IE group than in the BE group (p < 0.001). Energy intake post-test increased significantly in the IE group (from 2,185 to 2,651 kcal/day, p < 0.001) but not in the BE group. The intake of carbohydrates, protein, and fat also increased significantly in the IE group (carbohydrates: from 298 to 352 g/day, protein: from 86 to 106 g/day, fat: from 71 to 88 g/day, all p < 0.001), but the change in the BE group was not significant. Additionally, the IE group showed a significant overall increase in vitamins and minerals compared to the BE group at post-test. Adolescent athletes in the IE group showed improved nutritional knowledge and intake compared to those in the BE group 12 weeks after the intervention.

Relationship Between The Level of Mother's Nutritional Knowledge and The Diversity of Animal Protein Intake in Toddlers at Tertek Village

Relationship Between The Level of Mother's Nutritional Knowledge and The Diversity of Animal Protein Intake in Toddlers at Tertek Village

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Self-Esteem in Adult Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge level and self-esteem in adult women with type 2 diabetes. Material and Method: The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 387 participants. Data were collected in an endocrinology outpatient clinic via face-to-face interviews. The data collection form consisted of a 'Personal Information Form', 'Nutrition Habits Section', 'Nutrition Knowledge Level and Food Preference Scale', 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale'. Number and percentage were used in the SPSS package program. Results that were not normally distributed were evaluated according to non-parametric tests. Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.00±11.35 years and the educational level of 31.2% was primary school. The mean total score of the scales obtained by the participants was average. In the study, no relationship was found between basic nutrition knowledge level and food preference and self-esteem in adult women with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Basic nutrition knowledge and food preferences of women with Type 2 Diabetes were moderate and their self-esteem was adequate. It is important for health professionals to plan individual trainings by determining the nutritional knowledge levels and food preferences of women, and to ensure that diabetes control and self-esteem are increased in the effective management of diabetes and in the promotion of women's health.

Contemporary Themes in Dietary Intake in Rugby Union Players: A Narrative Review.

Rugby union is an intermittent team sport with variability in body composition and match-play demands between positions which requires careful consideration for individual dietary requirements. While previous reviews have detailed the macronutrient intake in rugby players, none have discussed the further determinants of dietary intake in this population. Therefore, the purpose of the current review was to summarise the current evidence detailing dietary intake in rugby union players, report on contemporary nutritional research themes, and provide recommendations for athletes, nutritionists, and other stakeholders. In total, eighteen articles report on dietary intake in rugby players, with only one of these detailing dietary intake in female athletes. Recent studies have reported on both protein and carbohydrate periodisation practices in rugby union players; however, there is currently limited evidence as to the influence of these on performance, recovery, and well-being. Factors influencing eating patterns, the impact of sports nutritionists on dietary intake, and food consumption in catered and non-catered environments has been explored in isolated studies. Nutrition knowledge levels in rugby players have been reported in several studies; however, the influence this has on dietary intake in rugby players is unknown. Collectively, despite new contemporary themes emerging in the literature concerning dietary intake in rugby players, the studies are isolated; as such, there is limited scope to the translatability of information due to heterogeneity in sex, level of play, and location of participants. Given this, future research should aim to build upon the themes identified in this review in combination to support practitioners working within their specific environments. This will subsequently build towards the generation of rugby-specific recommendations.

Perspectives of mothers and primary caregivers on undernutrition in children under 5 years in the Northwest region of Cameroon: a community based cross-sectional study

Background: Cameroon is one of the sub-Saharan African countries where undernutrition is a significant public health concern, with a national prevalence of 29% among children under five. The Northwest Region of Cameroon in particular, faces a triple burden of undernutrition, with high rates of stunting (32%), wasting (6.5%) and underweight (17.2%). Caregivers play a critical role in the management of undernutrition. This study analyzed their knowledge, attitudes and predictors of knowledge levels on undernutrition. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 1279 mothers and primary caregivers of under five children from six health districts. Data on their knowledge and attitudes towards undernutrition was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of nutrition knowledge levels. Results: Overall, 78.5% of the caregivers had ‘good knowledge’ on undernutrition and 21.7% had ‘poor knowledge’. Correct knowledge was highest on the causes of undernutrition and incorrect knowledge was highest on prevention of undernutrition in children especially as 32.9% didn’t know that exclusive breastfeeding could prevent undernutrition in children below six months. Regarding attitude, 52.2% had a ‘positive attitude’ and 47.7% had a ‘less positive or negative attitude’. The main predictors of knowledge levels among primary caregivers were sex of carer (p=0.001), household size (p=0.001), religion (p=0.010), residence status (p&lt;0.001), occupation (p&lt;0.001), and degree of urbanization (p=0.002). Conclusions: Caregivers in Northwest Cameroon showed good undernutrition knowledge (78.5%), but lacked knowledge on prevention, especially breastfeeding benefits. Sociodemographic factors influenced knowledge. This could inform interventions to improve practices.

Evaluation of Nutritional Preferences of School-Age Children and Parents Attitudes Towards Child Nutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to examine the nutrition of school-age children and the influence of their parents. Method: The study involved 259 school-age children aged 9-12 and their volunteering parents from a province in Türkiye. A questionnaire was administered to the children questioning sociodemographic data and basic nutritional information, anthropometric measurements were taken, and the Parent Mealtime Action Scale was applied to their parents. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 26 program. Results: It was found that the snack consumption status of children was related to the income status of the family's daily fruit and vegetable consumption (p&lt;0.01). It has been found that animal fat restricted diet is associated with growth status in children (p&lt;0.01). It has been determined that the children's eating situation is related to the persistent behavior of parents (p&lt;0.05). It has been found that children who do not consume chips at all are also fed restricted animal fats in their daily diet. It was determined that bagel/cereal consumption was also excessive in children in whom rewarding was applied excessively (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that school-age children's own preferences in food choices, as well as the parent's behavior and educational status, and the family's income level also have a significant impact. It is thought that it will be beneficial to provide nutrition education to parents and children in order to develop the right eating habits in school-age children and to increase the level of nutrition knowledge.

Knowledge, Prevalence, and Consequences of Dietary Supplements Intake among Iranian Bodybuilders

BackgroundThis study investigated the nutritional knowledge and prevalence of dietary supplements (DSs) among Iranian bodybuilders. MethodsThis cross-sectional research study involved sampling 648 bodybuilding clubs in Iran. A researcher distributed questionnaires among clubs in various regions and analyzed categorical variables, DS, nutritional knowledge, and sports nutrition data from 160 bodybuilders aged 18 and above in Iran. The analysis was conducted using the results obtained from a quantitative questionnaire. ResultsThere was a significant relationship between DS use and gender (P = 0.001, r = 0.330, males > females), bodybuilding history (P = 0.045; r = 0.158), and exercise sessions/wk (P = 0.050, r = 0.156). Whey protein (45.6%) and branched-chain amino acid (33.7%), vitamin D (50%), caffeine (34.3%), and generally vitamin C (56.2%) were the most common DS used. The most information sources for bodybuilders regarding DS were fitness coaches (35.6%) and registered dietitians/nutritionists (34.3%). Drug stores (36.7%) and fitness coaches (19.3%) were the most prominent sources for purchasing DS. Increasing performance (54.3%), increasing the need for DS through exercise (53.6%), preventing injury, and improving recovery (36.2%) were the most important reasons to consume DS. Skin problems (21.0%), increased liver enzymes (10.8%), and hair loss (9.4%) were the most common side effects of DS use. Total nutritional knowledge (macronutrients, micronutrients, and sports nutrition) was 58.6%. ConclusionsThis study concluded that fitness coaches and registered dietitians/nutritionists were the most common information sources for bodybuilders. It also revealed a moderate level of nutrition knowledge among bodybuilders. The most commonly used DS were vitamins C, D, and whey protein. Also, gender, bodybuilding history, and exercise sessions had a significant relationship with the prevalence of DS. However, the study also revealed some concerning findings; bodybuilders commonly experienced adverse side effects such as skin rashes, increased liver enzymes, and hair loss.

Investigation of Nutritional Status and Nutritional Knowledge Levels of Staff Working in A Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the aim is to examine the nutritional status, nutritional habits and nutritional knowledge levels of the personnel working in a physical therapy and rehabilitation hospital. The Eating Attitude Test was used to determine the presence of an eating disorder in the participants, and the Basic Nutrition Knowledge Scale was used to determine the nutritional knowledge level of the participants. Ninety-four female (62.67%) and 56 male (37.33%) individuals participated in the study. The mean age of women was 33.67±9.32, and the mean age of men was 38.73±13.58. It was determined that the participants skipped 1 main meal and 2 snacks on average. Eating attitude disorder was found in 29 (19.33%) participants. No statistically significant relationship was found between having an eating behavior disorder and variables such as age, occupation and education level (p&gt;0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between eating behavior disorder and nutritional knowledge level (p=0.160). In conclusion, contrary to what was expected, it was determined that the nutritional status of the personnel was not very good, and their nutritional habits and nutritional knowledge levels were insufficient.

Faktor Penentu Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Natarandang Kabupaten Ngada

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children under five where the length or height of the child is too short for their age due to chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition can occur since the baby is in the womb and only appears after two years of age. This study aims to analyze what factors influence the incidence of stunting in children under five years of age in the working area of Puskesmas Natarandang, Ngada Regency. This type of research is an analytic survey with a Case-Control Study research design. The sample size was 98 toddlers selected by proportional stratified reandom sampling. Data analysis used was univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with chi square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the factors that influenced the incidence of stunting were the mother's education level (p=0.001), mother's occupation (p=0.000), family size (p=0.000), level of maternal nutritional knowledge (p=0.000), history of illness (p=0.002), feeding practices (p=0.000), health care practices (p=0.008) and environmental hygiene and santation practices (p=0.000), while the factor that did not affect the incidence of stunting was the family income level (p=1.000). The determinants of stunting were environmental hygiene and sanitation practices (OR=16.658) feeding practices (OR=9.217) and the level of maternal nutritional knowledge (OR=7.191). Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children under five where the length or height of the child is too short for their age due to chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition can occur since the baby is in the womb and only appears after two years of age. This study aims to analyze what factors influence the incidence of stunting in children under five years of age in the working area of Puskesmas Natarandang, Ngada Regency. This type of research is an analytic survey with a Case-Control Study research design. The sample size was 98 toddlers selected by proportional stratified reandom sampling. Data analysis used was univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with chi square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the factors that influenced the incidence of stunting were the mother's education level (p=0.001), mother's occupation (p=0.000), family size (p=0.000), level of maternal nutritional knowledge (p=0.000), history of illness (p=0.002), feeding practices (p=0.000), health care practices (p=0.008) and environmental hygiene and santation practices (p=0.000), while the factor that did not affect the incidence of stunting was the family income level (p=1.000). The determinants of stunting were environmental hygiene and sanitation practices (OR=16.658) feeding practices (OR=9.217) and the level of maternal nutritional knowledge (OR=7.191).

Understanding the role of awareness and trust in consumer purchase decisions for healthy food and products

The production of healthy food is determined by consumer demand, so it’s important to understand the patterns of consumer behavior when purchasing these items. This study evaluated the purchase behavior of consumers toward healthy food that lives in Mashhad-Iran. The sample size was 359 households, and the information on the sample was collected from an online questionnaire in August 2022. The results of the generalized ordered logit model showed that the increase in age, household income, healthy product awareness level, having a special diet, attention to the food freshness, the level of advertising and nutritional knowledge increased people’s desire to buy healthy food. Increasing household size led to a decrease in desire for people. It was also found that trust in the health of these foods had a positive effect on the tendency to purchase healthy food. Following the study, recommendations made to accelerate the demand for healthy food, which include using reliable food labels, increasing advertising, supporting healthy food producers, and increasing the stores of healthy products.

The Effect of Two Health Education Packages on Nutritional Knowledge, Practices, and Physical Activity Levels Among School-Going Adolescents in Rishikesh: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Introduction Adolescence is a critical period known for presenting specific challenges in disease treatment and health promotion. Studies have highlighted that increased nutritional awareness is associated with healthier eating habits, while regular physical activity aids in controlling and preventing non-communicable diseases. Equipping adolescents with health education in schools prepares them to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles throughout their lives. To assess and compare the efficacy of health education packages targeting nutrition knowledge, practices, and physical activity levels, a cluster-randomized trial was conducted among school-going adolescents. Methodology Two distinct health education packages were developed for the two intervention groups. In group 1, a health talk supported by a flip chart was delivered, followed by pamphlet distribution. In contrast, in group 2, only information pamphlets were distributed. The study was conducted in government schools in Rishikesh, with four schools selected. Two schools were randomly allocated to each intervention arm. In each school, a questionnaire was administered to assess the students' nutrition knowledge, practicesand physical activity levels. This was followed by the intervention, and the students were reassessed for the same parameters after two weeks. Result The pre-intervention and post-intervention comparisons within the same group- the mean scores for nutrition knowledge, food practice, sleep duration, and recreational screen time were comparable in the intervention group 1 (p>0.05). There was a decrease in the mean physical activity score and screen time for studies in intervention group 1, and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean scores for nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and screen time for studies were comparable in the intervention group 2 (p>0.05). There was an increase in the mean food practice score and a decrease in recreational screen time in intervention group 2, and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). On comparing the groups with each other, it was found thatGroup 2 exhibited a significantly higher mean food practice score compared to group 1 post-intervention. While there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean physical activity score in intervention group 1, this group still had higher physical activity levels than group 2.Post-intervention, group 2 exhibited a higher screen time for studies compared to group 1. Both groups had comparable sleep durations at baseline and post-intervention, with intervention group 1's mean sleep duration falling within the recommended range set by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Regression analysis provided valuable insights into the relationship between baseline values of various variables and their post-intervention values, aiding in understanding the impact of the health education packages. Conclusion The findings emphasize the significance of incorporating nutrition and physical activity education into the curriculum of students.