Nutritional Intake Data Research Articles

Higher maternal bread and thiamine intakes are associated with increased infant allergic disease.

A mother's diet during pregnancy may influence her infant's immune development. However, as potential interactions between components of our dietary intakes can make any nutritional analysis complex, here we took a multi-component dietary analysis approach. Nutritional intake data was collected from 639 pregnant women using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to reflect their dietary intakes during 32-36 weeks of gestation. To investigate their dietary intake pattern, we calculated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores. Maternal consumption of 12 food groups, 20 individual whole foods, and 18 specific nutrient intakes, along with any vitamin and mineral supplementation, were determined. Infant outcomes included eczema, allergen sensitization, and IgE-mediated food allergy. Regression-based analyses with covariates adjustment were applied. Women with higher white bread consumption were more likely to have an infant with doctor-diagnosed eczema (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.24; p < .001) and IgE-mediated food allergy (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02, 1.28; p = .02). Higher maternal intakes of fiber-rich bread (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04, 1.25; p = .01) and legumes (aRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; p = .02) were also associated with infant doctor-diagnosed eczema. Higher maternal thiamine intakes were associated with increased parent-reported infant eczema (aRR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03, 1.12; p < .001). In Australia, where bread flour is fortified with thiamine, we identified consistent links between higher maternal thiamine-rich diets and increased risk of infant eczema and food allergy. Our results highlight a need for further investigation of potential effects of high thiamine exposures on immune development, especially in-utero.

Pengaruh Asupan Vitamin terhadap Indeks Prestasi Semester (IPS) Mahasiswa Angkatan 2019 Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember

Students have an obligation to be able to carry out activities and achieve optimally. Vitamins are important constituents of enzymatic systems that can support student learning activities. Learning achievement at university level is implemented in the form of the Semester Achievement Index. This study aims to analyze the effect of vitamin intake on the Semester Achievement Index of students class of 2019, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember. The population consisted of all students from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember Class of 2019. The sample size that met the criteria was 104 students. Research procedures include direction, measuring height and weight, filling out nutritional intake measurement sheets, data conversion, and data input. Data analysis used ordinal regression to determine the effect of food intake on Semester Achievement Index. The average student Semester Achievement Index (IPS) is 3.30 which is included in the Very Satisfactory category. Vitamin intake simultaneously has a significant effect on the Semester Achievement Index (IPS). Analysis of the most dominant vitamin intake to increase the Semester Achievement Index of dental students class of 2019 can be seen through the odds ratio value, vitamin B1 has an odds ratio value of 6.754, B2, 1.930, and C 1.003. Vitamin intake has a significant effect on Semester Achievement Index (IPS). Vitamin B1 has the greatest influence on Semester Achievement Index followed by vitamins B2 and C. Consuming a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2 and C has the possibility of increasing students' Semester Achievement Index.

Exposure to Holocaust is associated with chronic morbidity in older adults-Results from national health and nutrition surveys.

Although studies have suggested that Holocaust survivors are more likely than their non-Holocaust-exposed counterparts to suffer from mental and chronic morbidity, methodology differences and potential confounders often compromise result replicability and external validity. We examined associations between Holocaust exposure and chronic morbidity, as well as overall risk of mortality. Sociodemographic, health-related behavior and nutritional-intake data from two representative National Health and Nutrition Survey Ages 65 and Over-the 2005-2006 MABAT ZAHAV 1 (MZ1) and the 2014-2015 MZ2, including face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements-were analyzed. Demographic, health, nutritional and lifestyle characteristics, and exposure to the Holocaust were self-reported. Longitudinal data on overall mortality were obtained by linking the MZ1 population to the population registry dataset. Associations between Holocaust exposure and prevalence of chronic morbidity and risk factors were estimated by multivariable logistic regression analyses, and to risk of overall mortality by Cox regression analysis, both adjusted to significant covariates. Among 2096 study participants aged 75.7 ± 6.1 years, 47.0% male, 518 were Holocaust survivors. In the fully adjusted model, Holocaust exposure was associated with increased prevalence of heart disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.83), metabolic syndrome (OR 2.28, CI 1.23-4.21), and stroke (OR 1.77, CI 1.17-2.69), but not cancer or osteoporosis. Holocaust exposure did not substantially affect the overall risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.10, CI 0.92-1.32). Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms governing long-term outcomes of exposure to acute physical or mental trauma.

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the long term reduces the quality of life, leading to digestive diseases. The present study aims to determine the risk factors for GERD. This study was conducted on 9,631 adults aged 35-65 years. The demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, nutritional intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and GERD data were extracted from the databank related to the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models. The prevalence of GERD was 10.99% (n = 1,058). The GERD was higher among older age and women. After adjusting for age and sex, the odds of GERD among current smokers was 23% higher than non-smokers. Drinking increased odds of GERD (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99). The odds of GERD among depressed individuals were 46% higher than non-depressed. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the high intake of sweets and desserts with increased GERD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Further, high intake of fiber (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) and dairy (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) was related to reducing the odds of GERD. Furthermore, a significant relationship was reported between the waist hip ratio (WHR) and visceral fat area (VFA) with increased odds of GERD. Finally, the physical activity level was inversely related to GERD. Based on the results, smoking, alcohol, inactivity, high intake of sweets and desserts, low intake of fiber, depression, visceral fat, and obesity are considered as risk factors for GERD. Modifying lifestyle and behavioral habits prevent GERD.

The food metabolome for precision nutrition in dementia prevention

AbstractUnderstanding which aspects of diet and lifestyle may predispose to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and identifying populations vulnerable to prevention by lifestyle modification is a critical asset for precision prevention. However, diet is a complex exposure that is extremely challenging to evaluate using questionnaires in human populations, and inherent measurement error in self‐reported dietary intake data has certainly hampered our way to study properly the impact of nutrition on brain health in epidemiological studies.Measuring markers of nutritional exposure in biological matrices represents a unique way to monitor nutrition and dietary intakes. Candidate biomarkers have been complemented recently by a comprehensive investigation in biological matrices of the chemicals derived from foods after digestion and metabolism, the so‐called food metabolome, that has started to reveal novel dietary biomarkers. High‐throughput metabolomics now enable the measurement of markers of food exposures in biological matrices with unprecedented depth, while capturing the heterogeneity in the response to dietary bioactives from diet across individuals and populations. Thus biomarkers are critical for precision nutrition, as they reflect nutritional status, a product of intakes and of endogenous metabolism, itself linked to many factors, including personal genetic background and microbiome.This “Perspectives” presentation will overview a few recent exploratory studies on signatures of healthy diets and brain health in the food metabolome as examples to discuss challenges and opportunities for further developments. We will also address opportunities of development of multi‐biomarker panels combining self‐reported nutritional intake data with biomarker data from biofluids (blood and urine) to improve assessment of healthy dietary patterns as preventive approaches in dementia.

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI WILAYAH PESISIR KOTA MATARAM

Nutritional problems can be in the form of macronutrient problems and micronutrient problems. One group that requires attention in consuming food and nutrients is school-aged children. School age children are children aged 6-12 years where they experience the second growth spurt after toddlerhood. School-aged children on the coast are a group that is at high risk of experiencing nutritional status problems. Adequate nutritional intake is very influential for optimal growth, development and children's health. This study aims to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and the nutritional status of elementary school children in the coastal area of Mataram City. The method used in this research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional design and using a total sampling method. The number of samples used was 140 students in grades IV and V at SDN 18 and 38 Ampenan. Nutritional intake data was obtained through the Recall questionnaire, while nutritional status data was obtained from BMI calculations obtained from measuring height and weight. Research data was processed using the Spearman correlation test with a value of α = 0.05. The test results show the p value = 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate consumption patterns and nutritional status.

Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events.

Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have been published on energy expenditure during these events. Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6 ± 4.9years)-and nutritional intake data from the winner-of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30years) on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range: 4.34-6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p < .0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08). Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met ∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key factors in ultramarathon performance.

Identifying and understanding dietary transitions and nutrient deficiency from loyalty card digital footprints

Introduction &amp; BackgroundThe shift towards plant-based diets remains on the rise. Several observational studies have suggested that adopting these diets can result in some fundamental nutrient deficiencies, such as iodine deficiency. This can be especially harmful to a developing fetus, leading to growth impairment and, in extreme cases, cretinism. Nonetheless, understanding of long-term health consequences of this shift remains a challenge, particularly regarding nutritional impact at broader population scales.&#x0D; Objectives &amp; ApproachOur study focuses on the effects of transitioning to plant-based diets on the purchasing and assumed intake of essential nutrients like iodine, calcium, and vitamin B12. We analysed anonymized shopping records of 10,626 loyal customers who switched from regular milk to alternative milk products. By matching the transaction data with nutritional information, we estimated the weekly nutrient purchases before and after the transition. Our data was collected from a national food retailer across the UK.&#x0D; Relevance to Digital FootprintsLoyalty-card transactional logs held by retailers reflect a valuable lens into nutritional intake data. This data can provide insight into the potential impact of purchasing behaviours, such as the potential health effects of dietary changes at scale. Our approach leverages AI modelling accompanied by rigorous variable importance methods to uncover potentially hidden insights on the impact of nutritional shifts to plant-based goods.&#x0D; ResultsResults indicate that 83% of individuals deemed regular customers, who switched to plant-based milk, experienced a decrease in their purchases of iodine (44%), calcium (30%), and vitamin B12 (39%) from their normal purchase patterns at the retailer. Additionally, 57% of these individuals decreased their iodine purchases by more than 50%. The reduction in these nutrients is even more significant for those who switch to plant-based dairy and meat products.&#x0D; Conclusions &amp; ImplicationsOur research indicates that dietary changes, such as switching from purchasing regular milk to alternative milks, may lead to insufficient intake of essential dietary nutrients such as iodine. This represents a significant potential health concern for the public if not remediated, especially in countries that do not require salt to be fortified with iodine.

Correlation between Mother's Self-Efficacy, Nutrient Intake, and Height of Age Z-Score (HAZ)

Nutritional status in children under five years is one of the important factors that determine the growth and development of children. Factors affecting the nutritional status of children are divided into two categories: direct and indirect factors. One of the direct factors is intake, and the indirect factor is maternal self-efficacy. Nutritional deficiency can be a concern in developing countries when children are young because it affects their cognitive development. Good self-efficacy in mothers can increase the quantity and quality of children's food intake so that nutritional needs can be met according to nutritional adequacy recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy, nutrient intake, and nutritional status in children based on the height-for-age index (HAZ). The research design used was a cross-sectional approach. This study involved 148 children aged 2–5 years, and the child's data was asked of the child's guardian, in this case, the subject's mother. Data on the characteristics and self-efficacy forms of mothers were obtained using a questionnaire, while nutritional intake data were obtained using a 2x24-hour food recall. Data analysis in this study used Spearman's Rank for bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status (HAZ) and maternal self-efficacy with the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, except for zinc. Variables that affect the height-for-age index are maternal self-efficacy and protein intake. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and nutrient intake, and nutritional status based on the height-for-age index (HAZ).

Predictors of Central Vascular Access Device Bloodstream Infections in Patients With Acute Leukemia and Neutropenia: A Retrospective Case-Control Chart Review.

Central vascular access devices (CVADs) are standard for the treatment of leukemia. The objectives of this study were to examine predictors for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and causative microorganisms. A retrospective case/control design was used to examine electronic health records (EHRs) of patients with acute leukemia, a CVAD, and neutropenia. Variables were examined for differences between those who developed bacteremia (cases: n = 10) and those who did not (controls: n = 13). Variables included conditions of health (eg, patient history, laboratory results at the time of nadir, nutritional intake during hospitalization, and CVAD care practices). Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparison. Nine organisms were identified, including viridans group streptococci (20%) and Escherichia coli (20%). No statistical differences in variables were found between groups. However, over 50% of the nutritional intake data was missing due to lack of documentation. These findings indicate that further study is needed to examine barriers for electronic documentation. The data collection site found opportunities to improve patient care that included education regarding the daily care of CVADs, collaboration with nutritional services to ensure accurate assessments, and coordination with clinical information systems to improve clinical documentation compliance.

Bias in nutrition-health associations is not eliminated by excluding extreme reporters in empirical or simulation studies.

Self-reported nutrition intake (NI) data are prone to reporting bias that may induce bias in estimands in nutrition studies; however, they are used anyway due to high feasibility. We examined whether applying Goldberg cutoffs to remove 'implausible' self-reported NI could reliably reduce bias compared to biomarkers for energy, sodium, potassium, and protein. Using the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in the American Association of Retired Persons (IDATA) data, significant bias in mean NI was removed with Goldberg cutoffs (120 among 303 participants excluded). Associations between NI and health outcomes (weight, waist circumference, heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and VO2 max) were estimated, but sample size was insufficient to evaluate bias reductions. We therefore simulated data based on IDATA. Significant bias in simulated associations using self-reported NI was reduced but not completely eliminated by Goldberg cutoffs in 14 of 24 nutrition-outcome pairs; bias was not reduced for the remaining 10 cases. Also, 95% coverage probabilities were improved by applying Goldberg cutoffs in most cases but underperformed compared with biomarker data. Although Goldberg cutoffs may achieve bias elimination in estimating mean NI, bias in estimates of associations between NI and outcomes will not necessarily be reduced or eliminated after application of Goldberg cutoffs. Whether one uses Goldberg cutoffs should therefore be decided based on research purposes and not general rules.

Nutritional Intake, Hospital Readmissions and Length of Stay in Hospitalised Oncology Patients.

Poor food intake is an independent risk factor for malnutrition in oncology patients, and achieving adequate nutrition is essential for optimal clinical and health outcomes. This study investigated interrelationships between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in hospitalised adult oncology patients. Estimated nutrition intake data were obtained from patients admitted to a 117-bed tertiary cancer centre during May-July 2022. Clinical healthcare data, including length of stay (LOS) and 30-day hospital readmissions, were obtained from patient medical records. Statistical analysis, including multivariable regression analysis, assessed whether poor nutritional intake was predictive of LOS and readmissions. No relationships between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes were evident. Patients at risk of malnutrition had lower mean daily energy (-898.9 kJ, p = 0.001) and protein (-10.34 g, p = 0.015) intakes. Increased malnutrition risk at admission prolonged LOS (1.33 days, p = 0.008). Hospital readmission rates were 20.2%, and associated with age (r = -0.133, p = 0.015), presence of metastases (r = 0.125, p = 0.02) and longer LOS (1.34 days, r = 0.145, p = 0.02). Sarcoma (43.5%), gynaecological (36.8%) and lung (40.0%) cancers had the highest readmission rates. Despite research showing the benefits of nutritional intake during hospitalisation, evidence continues to emerge on the relationship between nutritional intake and LOS and readmissions that may be confounded by malnutrition risk and cancer diagnosis.

Determinants of Feeding Patterns with Stunting in Children in the Coastal Area of Bengkulu City

BACKGROUND: The age of 0–2 years is a golden period for human growth and development known as the “golden age,” characterized by rapid growth. This period is the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). The proper diet greatly affects the nutritional status of children. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine child feeding patterns with the incidence of stunting in children in the Coastal area of Bengkulu City. METHODS: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was children under five aged 6–24 months in the coastal area of Bengkulu City as many as 75 children were selected using the accidental sampling technique. Children’s nutritional intake using the Semi Food Frequency questionnaire for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. Nutritional intake data were processed by nutrisurvey. Data analysis with Chi-square test and the level of significant 0.05. RESULTS: The frequency of food consumed by children 6–24 months in the form of mashed food 2 times a day was 54.2%, soft food 3 times a day was 54.5%, and family food 3 times a day was 82.5%. The percentage of children with energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 84.6%, 81.8%, 84.9%, and 86.3%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 15.4%, 18.2%, 15.1%, and 13.7%). Likewise, calcium, fe, zinc, and phosphor intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 82%, 85.5%, 80.6%, and 82.1%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 18%, 14.5%, 19.4%, and 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between the type of food, macronutrient and micronutrient intake with stunting. Education and counseling at Integrated Healthcare Center need to be carried out, regarding the importance of consuming the proper food and the proper frequency of eating, surveys of nutritional consumption and routine health checks for pregnant women and children under five.

The Role of Nutrients and MCV on Stunting: A Case Study on Indonesian Early Teenagers

BACKGROUND: Many teenagers experience many nutritional problems, including anemia and stunting. The correlation between energy intake, protein, iron, and stunting with MCV levels in stunting adolescents in Jatinangor is not yet known.&#x0D; AIM: This study aims to analyze the correlation of energy intake, protein, iron, and stunting and MCV levels in stunting adolescents in Jatinangor.&#x0D; METHODS: This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design involving early adolescents aged 10-14 years in Jatinangor District as many as 41 people. Analysis of MCV levels was done by taking blood through veins. Stunting data were obtained based on WHO criteria with a value of z-score TB / U&lt;- 2 SD and nutritional intake data including energy, protein, and iron obtained through 24-hour recall. To determine the intake of nutrients is done by interviewing with the method of 24 hours recall and FFQ. The data were analyzed with the Pearson Correlation Test.&#x0D; RESULTS: The correlation between energy intake and MCV levels was p=0.022 (r=0.356). Furthermore, the correlation of protein intake and MCV levels was p=0.257, and iron intake with MCV levels was p=0.301. Eventually, the stunting correlation test to MCV levels was p=0.006 (r=0.419).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that there is a correlation between energy intake and the value of the z-score TB / U index with MCV levels. There is no significant correlation between protein intake and iron intake with MCV levels in stunting adolescents in Jatinangor. There is a correlation between MCV and stunting levels, and there is no correlation between nutrient intake and stunting.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY LEVEL, TEA DRINKING HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH ANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SMK PRATAMA MULYA KARAWANG

Introduction: Adolescent is a nation’s future asset that is prone to nutritional problems. One of the nutritional problem in adolescent is anemia. Anemia is a condition when the hemoglobin level is below normal limits. Currenty, anemia among adolescent is still a health problem both globally and in Indonesia. Anemia has a negative impact on adolescents, including reducing concentration in learning, reducing work productivity, and disrupting the body’s defense system. Furthermore, anemia is one of the indirect factors that cause maternal death. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent in Karawang Regency, especially at SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang is still quite high (53,3%), so it is necessary to do further research on the factors that influence the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, nutritional adequacy level, tea drinking habits, and nutritional status with incidence of adolescent girls anemia in SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang.&#x0D; Method: This study use a quantitative observational research with a cross sectional design. The minimum number of samples in this study was 65 people. Anemia data was collected using biochemical measurements of hemoglobin levels, knowledge data using a knowledge questionnare, nutritional intake data and tea drinking habits were carried out by interviewing using the SQ-FFQ form, while nutritional status data was measured by anthropometric measurements.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between energy adequacy levels, protein adequacy levels, iron adequacy levels, and vitamin C adequacy levels with the incidence of anemia and there was no significant relationship between knowledge, vitamin B12 adequacy levels, tea drinking habits and nutritional status with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls.&#x0D; Conclusion: Nutritional adequacy level is related to the incident of anemia among adolescent gils in SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang

Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia.

Background Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59 mg/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.018). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin (p=0.009) and hematocrit (p=0.011). Conclusion The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.

Correlation between the Macronutrient Content of Dental Calculus and the FFQ-Based Nutritional Intake of Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals.

The growing epidemic of chronic diseases afflicting both developed and developing countries is related to diet and lifestyle. The current dietary assessment still has many constraints, particularly related to the objectivity of data gathering. Dental calculus, which is usually considered as medical waste in dental treatment, turns out to be a provider of abundant oral information. The objective of this study is to obtain the correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and nutritional intake based on FFQ. This research is an analytic observational study with a case-control study design. Samples consisting of 35 obese individuals and 21 normal-weight individuals were taken using purposive sampling. The nutritional intake data were obtained using FFQ. The macronutrient content of dental calculus was checked using a colorimetric assay. The comparison between obese individuals and normal-weight individuals was tested using the Mann–Whitney test and T-test. The correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and nutritional intake based on FFQ was measured using Spearman's rank-order correlation. The results showed there was a correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and macronutrient intake based on FFQ. However, strong correlation was found only between fat intake with the total lipid content of dental calculus with rs = 0.521 and between carbohydrate intake with the total carbohydrate content of dental calculus with rs = 0.519. It was concluded that carbohydrate, protein, and lipid intake can be assessed using dental calculus. Dental calculus can be an alternative source of noninvasive, inexpensive, and specific dietary biomarkers.

Metabolic Control of Patients with Phenylketonuria in a Portuguese Metabolic Centre Comparing Three Different Recommendations.

Blood phenylalanine (Phe) is used as the primary marker to evaluate metabolic control. Our study aimed to describe the metabolic control of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) comparing three different treatment recommendations (European guidelines/US guidelines/Portuguese consensus). This was a retrospective, observational, single centre study in patients with PKU collecting data on blood Phe levels from 2017. Nutritional intake data and sapropterin (BH4) prescription were collected at the last appointment of 2017. The final sample studied included 87 patients (48% females) [13 hyperphenylalaninemia; 47 mild PKU; 27 classical PKU] with a median age of 18 y (range: 1–36 y). The median number of blood Phe measurements for patients was 21 (range: 6–89). In patients aged < 12 y, the median blood Phe level was 300 μmol/L (range 168–480) and 474 μmol/L (range 156–1194) for patients ≥ 12 y. Overall, a median of 83% of blood Phe levels were within the European PKU guidelines target range. In patients aged ≥ 12 years, there was a higher median % of blood Phe levels within the European PKU guidelines target range (≥12 y: 84% vs. <12 y: 56%). In children < 12 y with classical PKU (n = 2), only 34% of blood Phe levels were within target range for all 3 guidelines and 49% with mild PKU (n = 11). Girls had better control than boys (89% vs. 66% median Phe levels within European Guidelines). Although it is clear that 50% or more patients were unable to achieve acceptable metabolic control on current treatment options, a globally agreed upper Phe target associated with optimal outcomes for age groups is necessary. More studies need to examine how clinics with dissimilar resources, different therapeutic Phe targets and frequency of monitoring relate to metabolic control.

Growth and Nutritional Intake of Infants with Univentricular Circulation

To evaluate the nutritional status and early nutritional intake of infants with univentricular congenital heart disease. The included infants underwent a Norwood procedure or hybrid intervention (stage 1) within the first 6weeks of life, between January 2014 and January 2019, at Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin. Demographic, anthropometric, nutritional intake, and morbidity data were collected. Data were collected on 90 infants and 1886 neonatal admission days. There was a significant drop in mean weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) between measurements at birth, -0.01 and on discharge post stage 1 surgery -1.45 (P<.01). On hospital discharge (median hospital stay, 25days) 32% of infants had a WAZ<-2 and 11% had a WAZ<-3. Pre-stage 1, 26% received trophic feeds and 39% received parenteral nutrition. Basal metabolic requirements and target caloric intake (120kcal/kg) were met on 56% and 13% of admission days, respectively. Infants referred to a dietitian had a shorter time to any form of nutrition support, enteral feeds, and target caloric intake (P<.001, P=.016, and P=.048, respectively). At stage 3 (Fontan) surgery, 15% of infants were classified as stunted (length-for-age z-score [LAZ] <-2). The greatest decline in nutritional status occurs in the neonatal period, followed by significant growth stunting by the time of the Fontan procedure. Early involvement of dietitians is critical in the care of this nutritionally fragile group. With the currently low rate of preoperative nutritional support, there may be opportunities to improve intake at this critical stage.

The Design and Development of a Food Composition Database for an Electronic Tool to Assess Food Intake in New Caledonian Families.

The food environment in New Caledonia is undergoing a transition, with movement away from traditional diets towards processed and discretionary foods and beverages. This study aimed to develop an up-to-date food composition database that could be used to analyze food and nutritional intake data of New Caledonian children and adults. Development of this database occurred in three phases: Phase 1, updating and expanding the number of food items to represent current food supply; Phase 2, refining the database items and naming and assigning portion size images for food items; Phase 3, ensuring comprehensive nutrient values for all foods, including saturated fat and total sugar. The final New Caledonian database comprised a total of 972 food items, with 40 associated food categories and 25 nutrient values and 615 items with portion size images. To improve the searchability of the database, the names of 593 food items were shortened and synonyms or alternate spelling were included for 462 foods. Once integrated into a mobile app-based multiple-pass 24-h recall tool, named iRecall.24, this country-specific food composition database would support the assessment of food and nutritional intakes of families in New Caledonia, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner, and with translational opportunities for use across the wider Pacific region.