Nutritional Habits Research Articles

Mother-baby sleeping patterns and its association with malocclusion among children: An analytical cross-sectional study

: Scientific literature is limited about the different mother-baby sleeping patterns in India and its possible association with the development of malocclusion. The prevalent mother-baby sleeping patterns were assessed in a cosmopolitan city of India with an aim to study if any type of sleeping pattern predisposes to the development of malocclusion.: 2150 children aged 2-6 years were included in this study. A questionnaire to determine type of sleeping pattern, duration of breastfeeding and presence of sucking habits was completed by the parents. The children then underwent a dental examination to evaluate presence of malocclusion which was recorded utilising the Baby‑Risk of Malocclusion Assessment (ROMA) Index.: Three different types of sleeping patterns were observed. The risk of developing malocclusion was found to be low when the baby and the mother shared the same bed for atleast 18 months from birth of the infant. When the duration of child and mother sharing the same bed reduced below 18 months, the child was found to have an increased incidence of non -nutritive sucking habits, had higher Baby ROMA scores and showed presence of at least one type of malocclusion. : Children co-sleeping with their mothers in the same bed for more than 18 months are observed to have fewer negative sucking habits, and a decreased incidence of malocclusion when compared to children who slept alone in a different room.

The role of vegetarian diet in Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity worldwide. Notably, this medical condition is strongly influenced by nutritional habits. Dietary choices play a critical role in both the formation and prevention of kidney stones, highlighting the importance of proper nutrition in managing this disease. This review explores the impact of a vegetarian diet on nephrolithiasis. Evidence suggest that plant-based diets, which excludes animal protein, may contribute to a reduced risk of kidney stone formation. Vegetarian diet could be also considered as higher in fruits and vegetables, so in conclusion, people on plant-based diet have a water-rich food intake. Not only the fluid intake, but also the balance of calcium and oxalates is very important in managing risk of forming kidney stones. This diet typically result in lower acid load, higher urinary pH and increased urinary citrate levels. Everything mentioned is a key preventive strategy against kidney calculi. Nephrolithiasis has undenyable colligation with diet. Patients dietary choices and their lifestyle could strongly influence the course of this disease. Overall, well-planned vegetarian diet may offer protective benefits against nephrolithiasis. It should be individualized and preferably prepared by a professional dietitian. In this case, it is important to remember that our diet plays role similarly in genesis as in recurrence of kidney stone disease. Changing eating habits aims to reduce lithogenic risk factors.

EGS SO25 - Ingestion of Sharp Foreign Bodies- Emerging Trends in a Large UK NHS Trust

Abstract Background Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common medical problem. The type of object ingested depends on age, sex, socio-economic factors, geographical area, and nutritional habits. Accidental ingestion of hijab pins as a phenomenon has not been widely reported in the UK previously. Method Retrospective cohort study on all patients presenting with foreign body ingestion from July 2010 to January 2024. Patient medical records were reviewed, and data collected including mode of presentation, demographics, FB type and mode of ingestion (accidental/deliberate), admission details, radiology, management (conservative, endoscopic, surgery), morbidity and mortality and readmission rate. Data was recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results 94 patients presented with FB ingestion of whom 39 ingested hijab pins. Median age was 19 (11-50) years. Median time from ingestion to presentation was 5 hours (0.5-120). All patients had abdominal Xray. The most common hijab pin location on presentation was in the stomach; n=27 (69%). Data on management was available in 38 patients, of whom 29 (76%) were managed conservatively, 6 (15%) had endoscopy and 3 (8%) had flexible nasal endoscopy (FNE). The reintervention rate was 3% with one patient managed conservatively subsequently having endoscopy. No complications, readmissions or mortality was observed. One OGD was therapeutic Conclusion We report increase in the incidence of FB ingestion with a significant proportion involving hijab pins. Young girls hold pins between their lips while styling their hijabs which can result in accidental ingestion. Although we report low morbidity and readmission rates, there is a 22% intervention rate. We believe there may be a causal link between increased accidental ingestion and popularity of social media content on elaborate hijab styling, some with millions of views each. There is a need to increase awareness on dangers of holding pins in the mouth whilst styling hijabs and alternate options such as hijab magnets

Socio-Demographic Influences on Dietary Habits and Nutritional Awareness: A Case Study of Polish Biathlon Association National Team Members.

This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic factors on the dietary habits of athletes of the Polish Biathlon Association. Focusing on age, education, employment status, and gender, this research assesses food choices, meal preparation, and nutritional awareness within a structured sports environment. A cross-sectional survey of 54 athletes was conducted using a modified "Eating Habits of Poles" questionnaire to explore food selection, preparation methods, consumption patterns, and nutritional perspectives. This focus on biathletes emphasizes their distinct dietary needs, which arise from the demanding combination of endurance and precision in their sport, providing valuable insights for tailored dietary strategies to enhance their performance and overall health. The results indicate that age, education, and employment status significantly influence Polish biathletes' dietary habits and nutritional awareness. Older athletes (under 23 years) demonstrated significantly higher nutritional awareness regarding modern dietary trends (p = 0.015). In contrast, 50% of higher-education athletes were more engaged in meal planning and healthier food choices than those with elementary education (p = 0.031). Employment status also played a role; 70% of the athletes were students who exhibited more convenience-based food choices, whereas 30% were employed and maintained more structured eating patterns (p = 0.008). Minimal gender differences were found, with 50% of male and 50% of female athletes showing similar dietary habits, likely due to standardized nutrition programs provided to all athletes. This indicates a potential need for further research to determine whether professional dietary support can effectively address typical gender-related variations in food behavior and lead to improvements in dietary outcomes. This study highlights the importance of targeted nutrition education and professional support for optimizing the nutritional habits of professional athletes. This emphasizes that socio-demographic factors such as age, education, and employment status significantly shape these behaviors, underscoring the need for personalized nutritional strategies within athletic programs.

Professional Male Soccer Players' Perspectives of the Nutrition Culture Within an English Premier League Football Club: A Qualitative Exploration Using Bourdieu's Concepts of Habitus, Capital and Field.

Professional soccer players' self-reported dietary intakes often do not meet recommended sport nutrition guidelines. Although behaviour change models have previously explored barriers and enablers to nutritional adherence, the cultural factors influencing players' nutritional habits also warrant investigation. Accordingly, we aimed to explore players' perceptions of the nutrition culture within the professional soccer environment. An interpretivist paradigm, which emphasises that reality is subjectively and socially constructed, underpins this study. Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews (comprising open-ended questions) were conducted with purposively sampled male soccer players from the English Premier League (EPL) (five British, five migrant; mean age: 26 ± 6years; mean EPL appearances: 106 ± 129). Data were abductively analysed using thematic analysis according to Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa practices. This study revealed five key themes: (1) players' habitus, as shaped by familial, ethnic and religious backgrounds, influences their dietary habits; (2) social capital, via managers (head coaches), teammates and online influences, impact players' dietary practices; (3) the increase in both soccer clubs' and players' economic capitals has advanced nutrition provision; (4) an unequal distribution of economic capitals has led to hierarchical practice in the performance nutrition field with personalised nutrition being somewhat enacted at the higher levels; and (5) body composition measurement is a 'doxic' practice in professional soccer that warrants challenge. Soccer players' habitual nutritional practices are influenced by personal upbringing and the club context, including economic resources and social capital from managers. The performance nutrition field within professional soccer is also shaped by stakeholders' doxic beliefs surrounding the perceived optimal body composition of players, with managers exerting social capital.

Anthropometric profile and dietary intake of amateurs and professional mixed martial arts athletes

Nutritional habits and anthropometric profiles are directly linked to competitive performance; however, there is a great lack of information on amateur or professional mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes outside the competitive period. The aim of this study was to compare food consumption and anthropometric profile of amateur and professional MMA fighters. The sample was composed of 24 male MMA athletes, middleweight category (age: 27.5 ± 5.0 years; body mass: 79.0 ± 12.1 kg; height: 173.5 ± 0.1 cm; %BF: 19.5 ± 4.0 %, BMI: 26.0 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Food consumption was evaluated based on three 24-hour food diaries using the Multi-Step method in a non-competitive period and analyzed using the Dietbox v2.92 software. The professional group was younger (p = 0.001) than the amateur group. Total energy expenditure was similar between amateur (4364 ± 469 kcal) and professional (4312 ± 381 kcal). Amateur and professional reported an energy deficit between the estimated energy requirement and energy intake. Carbohydrate consumption was below the suggested minimum limits (amateur: 3.3 ± 1.6g/kg/day and professional: 3.3 ± 1.4g/kg/day). Protein intake was within the suggested limits (amateur: 1.4 ± 0.9g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.8g/kg/day) and lipids presented borderline values about to with concerning the recommendations in the literature (amateur: 0.9 ± 0.6 / g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.9 g/kg/day). Amateur and professional athletes did not differ in terms of food consumption and anthropometric profile. Both groups, amateur and professional, demonstrated negative energy balance and inability to reach the suggested levels of macronutrient intake according to the classification. Thus, it is recommended that both MMA groups receive attention regarding nutritional strategies.

Interactions between pregnant women's nutrition habits, psychological well-beings, sleep quality and biochemical parameters.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy may cause various changes in biological, physiologic and psychosocial areas. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between dietary habits, psychological well-being, sleep quality and biochemical parameters of pregnant women. The study was conducted on a total of 93 patients who applied to Ankara Koru Sincan Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic for routine pregnancy control between November-December 2023, were between the ages of 18-45, had a live singleton fetus, had no diagnosed psychiatric disease or chronic disease, and agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical findings of the individuals were recorded with a questionnaire including the psychological well-being scale (PWBS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). According to the study, PSQI scores during the second and third trimesters are significantly higher than the first trimester. It was observed that while individuals have bad sleep quality during the second and third trimesters, they have good sleep quality during the first trimester (χ2 = 14.736; P < 0.001). In the biochemical results, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value in the second trimester was higher (P > 0.05). Weight gain during pregnancy, age and trimester have a negative effect on sleep quality. When the effects of lifestyles and eating habits of pregnant women on the process are considered, there is a relationship between smoking/alcohol consumption, less physical activity, poor eating habits, sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Factors such as age, educational background, trimester period and other basic sociodemographic variables are also involved.

Benefits of an educational intervention on functional capacity in community-dwelling older adults with frailty phenotype: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThere is an urgent demand for nurses to expand their knowledge and skills in managing frailty in primary care. Frailty is a multifaceted condition that is prevalent among older adults and often leads to reduced functional capacity. Currently, there is a limited understanding of the effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at improving functional capacity among community-dwelling frail older adults in a primary care setting. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational program on functional capacity among pre-frail and frail older adults living in the community. DesignA 12-month, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. SettingsThe FRAGSALUD study was conducted across 14 healthcare centers situated within the regions of Cadiz and Malaga, Spain. ParticipantsA total of 199 frail/pre-frail community-dwelling older adults (74.2 ± 6.4 years). MethodsParticipants who met at least one Fried's criteria were assigned to either the control group (n = 90), which received usual healthcare assistance, or the intervention group (n = 109). The 6-month intervention comprised four group sessions and six telephone calls conducted by professional nurses, sport scientists, and nutritionists. This educational program focused on guidelines for physical activity, nutritional habits, cognition, and psychosocial well-being. Functional capacity was assessed using questionnaires for basic (Barthel Index) and instrumental (Lawton & Brody Scale) activities of daily living. All outcome measures were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention (6-month), and six months after the intervention as a follow-up (12-month). Differences in functional capacity (Barthel Index and Lawton and Brody Scale scores) across the three time points were analyzed using Friedman's ANOVA, with Wilcoxon signed-rank test for pairwise comparisons. ResultsAt both 6-month and 12-month assessments, the control group showed a statistically significant decline in basic and instrumental activities of daily living compared to the intervention group, which maintained similar levels, preventing this age-related decline. ConclusionsThe educational intervention, designed for easy implementation within healthcare systems, especially for nurses, successfully maintained levels of functional capacity in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, while the control group experienced a decline in functional capacity during the 12-month follow-up. Thus, educational interventions are encouraged for preserving the functional independence of frail/pre-frail older adults living in the community. RegistrationThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05610605) and the first participant was registered in March 2022.Tweetable abstract: The FRAGSALUD educational intervention prevents the age-related decline in functional independence over 12 months in frail older adults.

The Estimation of Copper Serum Level Among Obese Children

Background: Obesity means an excess amount of body fat. No general agreement exists on the definition of obesity in children as it does adults. Most professionals use published guidelines based on the body mass index (BMI), or a modified BMI for age, to measure obesity in children. Others define obesity in children as body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height, or a body fat percentage above 25% in boys or above 32% in girls Objective: to estimate the serum level of copper among obese children. Methods: This comparative study was conducted on fifty of overweight and/or obese children (based on BMI) and thirty of clinically healthy, age and sex matched children's served as controls also, the cases and controls were selected randomly from the pediatrics outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital and Sheben El Kom Educational hospital, in the period between 2013 to 2015. Parental consent was obtained for all children included in the study. Results: In the current study there were no significant difference found between patients and control group regarding age, sex and residence, but there was significant difference between the two groups regarding income and socioeconomic state. P=0.04. Also, there were no static difference in height in patient when compared to control group, and patients had a higher statically significant Weight, BMI and Skin fold thickness when compared to control group. Additionally, that there were significantly higher rate of frequent bad nutritional habits including shipping breakfast (p=0.022) consumption of energy- dense food and food consumption during TV watch in patients than controls. P&lt; 0.001 and the children's physical activity levels were lower in the patient’s group than the control group. P&lt;0.001. Conclusion: The obesity varied remarkably with different socioeconomic levels. Obese children had a characteristic nutritional pattern like skipping breakfast and consumption of energy dense food

Identification of gut microbiome features associated with host metabolic health in a large population-based cohort

The complex relationship between the gut microbiome and host metabolic health has been an emerging research area. Several recent studies have highlighted the potential effects of the microbiome’s diversity, composition and metabolic production capabilities on Body Mass Index (BMI), liver health, glucose homeostasis and Type-2 Diabetes (T2D). The majority of these studies were constrained by relatively small cohorts, mostly focusing on individuals with metabolic disorders, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the microbiome’s role in metabolic health. Leveraging a large-scale, comprehensive cohort of nearly 9000 individuals, measured using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and liver Ultrasound (US) we examined the functional profile of the gut microbiome, and its relation to 38 metabolic health measures. We identified 145 unique bacterial pathways significantly correlated with metabolic health measures, with 86.9% of these showing significant associations with more than one metabolic health measure. Furthermore, 87,678 unique bacterial gene families were found to be significantly associated with at least one metabolic health measure. Notably, “key” bacterial pathways such as purine ribonucleosides degradation and anaerobic energy metabolism demonstrated multiple robust associations across various metabolic health measures, highlighting their potential roles in regulating metabolic processes. Our results remained largely unchanged after adjustments for nutritional habits and for BMI they were replicated in a geographically independent cohort. These insights pave the way for future research and potentially the development of microbiome-targeted interventions to enhance metabolic health.

Health behaviour and well-being in the Faroe Islands prior to and during the first COVID-19 lockdown

Abstract Detrimental effects on health and well-being were reported during the COVID-19-induced lockdown periods in several countries, but these associations have not been studied in small-scale island societies. This study aimed to examine the lockdown period’s impact on health behaviour, social media use and measures of well-being in the Faroe Islands. We used cross-sectional data from two extensive population-based surveys of public health conducted in November 2019, the pre-COVID survey (n = 2906), and 4-6 weeks into the first national lockdown, the lockdown survey (n = 1204). A larger proportion of participants in the lockdown vs. pre-COVID survey people reported high physical activity levels (42.1 vs 30.7% p &amp;lt; 0.001), while nutritional habits were rated worse and social media usage increased. Furthermore, the proportion displaying excellent/very good self-rated health was larger in the lockdown vs. pre-COVID survey (68.1 vs 62.0% p &amp;lt; 0.001), and the same pattern was observed for reporting good quality of life (85.7 vs 82.7% p &amp;lt; 0.05). These associations remained statistically significant in a logistic regression model after adjusting for characteristics for which varying impact of the pandemic has been shown. Indicators of health behaviour showed that larger proportions of participants kept active during the lockdown vs pre-COVID survey, and these differences were statistically significant for physical, mental, and spiritual activities (p &amp;lt; 0.001). On the other hand, similar stress levels in the pre-COVID/lockdown periods were observed, but stratified analysis showed that participants with a high-stress level displayed better self-rated health in the lockdown period compared to the pre-COVID period (p = 0.001). Conclusions Findings indicate that self-reported health and quality of life improved during the early phase of the COVID lockdown, and individuals reported higher activity levels associated with good mental health during the COVID-19-induced lockdown period. Key messages • Physical activity improved, but dietary habits worsened during initial COVID-19 lockdown in the Faroe Islands. • Measures of wellbeing and quality of life improved during initial COVID-19 lockdown in the Faroe Islands, while there was no overall difference regarding stress levels.

Nutritional habits and eating attitude in university students during the last wave of COVID-19 in Spain

Emotional Eating is eating in response to negative emotional states, such as boredom, loneliness, or anxiety. For some young people, both food and alcohol are a source of pleasure in their social life. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-23 in the Health Sciences Faculty. Mediterranean Diet Adherence Test, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Yale Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale, and Anxiety Questionnaire STAI, were employed. Emotional eater (EE) regarding to no emotional eater (NEE) presented a mild food addiction, a significantly high intake of carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol. Energy intake is dependent on saturated fat, also they are not conscious of their intake of calories, had worse sleep quality, high perceived stress, and worse healthy eating index (HEI) due to their intake of sweets and soft drinks. The diet quality could be affected by the stress of the pandemic. The association of emotional eating with the intake of sweet foods and alcoholic drinks maybe is a remaining situation of COVID-19. We suppose that maladaptive eating behaviors have improved over time during this pandemic. Even though it is necessary to promote healthier eating among university students, it is also necessary to improve healthy habits.

Cohort Profile: TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND): Rationale, Progress and Perspective

AbstractThe TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND) cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma’anshan, Anhui Province, China. The primary aim of the study is to decipher comprehensive molecular characterization and deep phenotyping for a broad spectrum of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which focuses on providing mechanistic insights with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The recruitment was initiated in 2023 and is expected to complete in 2025 with 20,000 participants originated from urban and rural area. In the first phase, 3360 participants were recruited. Follow-up visits are scheduled annually and intervally for a total of 30 years. The cohort includes individuals aged over 18 years. Two participants with first-degree linkage were recruited from a household. The age distribution of recruited participants was stratified into four categories: 18–45, 45–55, 55–65, and ≥65 years, aligning with the population proportions of Ma’anshan. Meanwhile, the gender distribution was controlled by pairing men and women from the same household. Data collected at baseline includes socio-economic information, medical history, lifestyle and nutritional habits, anthropometrics, blood oxygen, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart sound, as well as blood, urine and feces tests results. Molecular profiling includes genome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome and extracellular vesicles -omics. Blood, urine and fecal samples are collected and stored at −80 °C in a storage facility for future research.

The trend of correlation changes of macronutrient intakes among different familial pairs: a prospective study among participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Background/AimFamilial resemblance in dietary patterns has been a subject of interest, with both genetic and environmental factors playing crucial roles. This study aims to investigate trends in macronutrient intake correlations over a 9-year period among different familial pairs, including parent-offspring, siblings, and spouses, using data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).MethodsThis longitudinal study, conducted within the framework of the TLGS, analyzed data from 1,814 families over a 9-year period. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Macronutrient intakes were calculated and adjusted for age. Familial correlations were estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients for various familial pairs (parent-offspring, siblings, and spouses) across four consecutive surveys. Changes in correlations were analyzed over 3-year, 6-year, and 9-year intervals, as well as across all four surveys, to determine overall trends in macronutrient intake correlations.ResultsThe results revealed diverse trends in intake correlations for carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and specific fatty acids across familial relationships. Parent-offspring dyads exhibited varied patterns, with some nutrients showing regression to the mean. Sister-sister pairs demonstrated strengthening correlations for energy, carbohydrates, fats, and saturated fatty acids over time. Conversely, brother-sister pairs displayed weakening correlations for most macronutrients, particularly energy, proteins, cholesterol, and fiber. Spouse correlations tended towards regression to the mean for energy, carbohydrates, and fats, and fiber.ConclusionsThe present study illuminates the dynamic nature of familial dietary correlations over time. The contrasting trends between sister-sister and brother-sister dyads suggest a significant influence of gender on shared dietary patterns. These findings underscore the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in shaping family dietary behaviors and highlight the importance of considering both gender and relationship type when examining familial nutritional habits.

Intensity of Physical Activity in Young People: Focus on Emotional, Cognitive, and Healthy Lifestyle-Related Variables.

The college years represent a crucial developmental period in which unhealthy behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity (PA), poor sleep quality, and unhealthy nutrition habits are often acquired, influencing the onset or exacerbation of pre-existing mental disturbances such as anxiety, depression, or difficulties in emotion regulation. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the intensity of physical activity (PA) on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive variables in a sample of young people. We recruited 103 participants (19.85 ± 0.25) who completed several online questionnaires (IPAQ-SF, STAI-t, DERS, UPPS-P, ISP-20, and Mini-IPIP). Subsequently, face-to-face sessions were conducted to assess the cognitive variables and to collect more details about their lifestyle habits, including drug use, sleep quality, and leisure activities. Based on the IPAQ-SF results, we categorized the sample into three groups: light PA (n = 47), moderate PA (n = 29), and vigorous PA (n = 27). Vigorous PA group showed better emotional regulation, lower impulsivity, fewer prefrontal symptoms and unhealthy behaviors, better sleep quality, and more leisure activities. No significant cognitive differences were found. It seems that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits and engaging in intense PA appears to be a promising avenue for managing these symptoms. In conclusion, our study suggests that young people are a vulnerable group with emotional and impulsivity traits that may precipitate in future mental disorders. Nevertheless, engaging in PA, particularly at high intensity, appears to be a promising avenue for reducing and managing these symptoms during this critical period of life.

Investigation of Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Possible Risk Factors in Pregnant Women with Diabetes at Risk.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women are at risk, with the latter group being susceptible to miscarriages. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of T. gondii antibodies and potential risk factors in pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The research was conducted at the Ankara City Hospital Perinatology Clinic between October 2021 and June 2022. The study included 277 pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 277 healthy pregnant women who had given birth. Retrospective analysis of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels was performed for patients between January 2020 and February 2022. Participants were administered an informed consent form and a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS 22. Among pregnant women with diabetes, IgG seropositivity was 18.4%, IgM was 0.0%, and IgG+IgM was 0.0%. In healthy pregnant women, IgG seropositivity was 12.3%, IgM was 0.4%, and IgG+IgM was 0.4%. Overall, seropositivity rates were 15.3% for IgG, 0.2% for IgM, and 0.2% for IgG+IgM. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among pregnant women with diabetes, there was a significant statistical difference (p<0.05) in anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity related to education, employment status, number of pregnancies and live births, history of toxoplasmosis diagnosis in children, previous toxoplasmosis diagnosis, hygiene, nutrition, and social habits. Among healthy pregnant women, significant statistical differences were found (p<0.05) in IgG seropositivity related to age, income, education level, number of pregnancies and live births, previous toxoplasmosis diagnosis, hygiene, nutrition, and social habits. No invasive interventions were performed on infants born to seropositive mothers, and perinatal data were not available. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Ankara appears to be decreasing, but T. gondii infections continue to pose a public health concern and are significant in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus.

Lactose Intolerance in Jazan: Awareness and Impact

Background: Lactose intolerance is a frequent disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms (such as nausea, bloating, and discomfort) following dairy product consumption. LI can be considerably decreased with simple understanding of symptoms and the use of milk substitutes. Aim: The goal of this study was to look into the prevalence of lactose intolerance and its relationship to nutrition and dietary habits in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a sample of 283 participants who met the qualifying requirements. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was then analyzed using statistical tools for social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Results: Dairy/dairy products were highly consumed on daily basis (64.7%) accompanied by abdominal distention and gases (18%), yet, only 13.8% had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The magnitude of lactose intolerance was mainly in late childhood (11-20 years) and emerging adulthood (21-30 years) (56.4%). only 36% had good knowledge about the disorder, with females had significantly higher levels of awareness compared to males (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Almost one-third of the population in Jazan had good knowledge on lactose intolerance with females having significantly higher levels.

Dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status among cardiological patients, including those with obesity and diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in patients with obesity and diabetes raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Proper eating habits and adequate nutritional knowledge play a key role in preventing and treating these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a cardiology department in Poland, including those with obesity or diabetes. The study was conducted at St. Barbara Regional Specialized Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January to June 2021, involving 301 patients, 154 women (51.2%) and 147 men (48.8%), aged 29 to 87. Participants were assessed for BMI, NRS 2002 scale, morphology, biochemistry results, blood pressure, and examined for nutritional knowledge and habits using proprietary questionnaires. A proprietary scale was used to assess eating habits. Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, with 80% exceeding the normal weight range. No significant gender differences were noted in malnutrition risk on the NRS 2002 scale. The study found patients rarely consumed recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, fish, and dairy products. Only 26.2% regularly ate a second breakfast, and just 9.3% chose water with meals. However, consumption of salty snacks, energy drinks, and alcohol was low. Biochemical and blood test analysis did not show significant differences between patients with diabetes, obesity, and others. Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, which poses a significant risk for further health complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Although patients with diabetes and/or obesity had better nutritional knowledge in some areas, this did not lead to healthier eating habits. The absence of significant differences in biochemical tests suggests that overall lifestyle and diet are crucial to cardiovascular health.

Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Assessment of 10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the 10-year cardiovascular risk in an adult population residing in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 purposively selected neighbourhoods of Yaoundé, involving one adult per household who consented to participate. We collected data on personal and family history, lifestyle and nutritional habits, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure, and calculated prevalence rates with 95% CI. Results The study involved 411 participants (172 males) with a median age of 28 years (IQR 23-40 years). Prevalence of CVD risk factors in our study population werefamily history of heart attack (4.4%; 95% CI 2.8-6.8%), stroke (7.5%; 95% CI 5.3-10.5%), harmful alcohol consumption (40.4%; 95% CI 35.8-45.3%), current smoking (5.1%; 95% CI 3.3-7.7%), second-hand smoking (26.6%; 95% CI 22.6-31.1%), low physical activity (66.4; 95% CI 61.7- 70.8%), inadequate fruit/vegetable intake (36.6%; 95% CI 31.4-42.1%), self-reported anxiety (83.5%; 95% CI 79.6-86.8%) and depression (52.3%; 95% CI 47.4-57.1%), overweight (27.0%, 95% CI 22.9 to 31.5%), obesity (25.1%, 95% CI 21.1 to 29.5%), abdominal obesity (65.9%; 95% CI 61.1-70.2%), excess body fat (46.3%; 95% CI 41.4-51.1%), suspected prehypertension (58.3%; 95% CI 51.1-65%) and hypertension (41.8%; 95% CI 35-48.9%). Furthermore, 40% of overall participants had a moderate-to-high 10-year CVD risk. Independent factors such as a personal history of other chronic diseases and parental history of either diabetes or hypertension combined with behaviours like harmful alcohol consumption and mean blood pressure might significantly influence thecardiovascular risk of our study population Conclusion In Yaoundé, Cameroon, many adults have major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with nearly one-third of young adults atmoderate to high risk of developing CVD within the next decade. Thus, it is crucial to implement targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of CVD.

Nutritional status and habits in children with autism spectrum in dominican republic

Nutritional status and habits in children with autism spectrum in dominican republic