Nutritional Deficiency Disorders Research Articles

The association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss: A review.

Anemia affects a third of the world's population and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased work productivity, and impaired neurological development. In recent years, many studies have found a possible association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), especially in various types of nutritional deficiency and hemoglobin disorders anemia. Anemia may affect hearing through various mechanisms, including affecting microcirculation in the ear, causing tissue hypoxia in the ear, and through inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the association between various types of anemia and SNHL, including possible biological mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment strategies, and clarify the importance of anemia treatment and management in preventing SNHL.

Assessment of Attitude, Knowledge and Prevention of Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Udi LGA in Enugu State, Nigeria

This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards anemia among women attending ANC in Udi LGA, Enugu State. Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency disorders affecting pregnant women in developing countries, including Nigeria. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both the mother and fetus. Specific objectives of this study are; to determine the knowledge level of women attending ANC in selected clinics in Udi LGA on anemia, to determine the attitude towards anemia among women attending ANC clinic and to evaluate the knowledge level on preventive measures against anemia among women attending ANC in Udi LGA. A questionnaire-based study was implored to obtain direct information from the respondents and a total of three hundred and eighty-seven (387) respondents were captured. The mean age of the respondents is 32 years. Those between the ages of 26-30 and 31-35 are the highest in number with the frequency of 100 (25.83). Majority of the respondents 159 (46.08) had tertiary education. The results showed that most of the respondents (74.0%) had a good knowledge of anemia in pregnancy. About, 19.2% had an average level of knowledge while 6.8% had a poor knowledge of anemia in pregnancy. It also showed that (59.5%) had a right or excellent attitude towards anemia in pregnancy. About, 27.7% had an average or fair attitude. More so, (75.7%) had an excellent preventive measure towards anemia during pregnancy. Therefore, this study shows that the majority of the respondents have good knowledge, the right attitude and preventive measures towards anemia during pregnancy. Thus more effort is encouraged in sensitization of the public.

A Study of Frequency of Anemia in Pregnant Females in Tertiary Care Hospital, Islamabad

Background: Anemia is among the most public hematological disorders, especially in pregnancy. It is a nutritional deficiency disorder that affects pregnant women, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Pregnant women who suffer from anemia often have bad pregnancy outcomes and may lead to difficulties that endanger both the mother's and the fetus's health. This study aimed was to determine the frequency of anemia among pregnant women in tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital's pathology and gynecology department in Islamabad. All the pregnant women who visited for antenatal check-ups from January 2021 to December 2021 were involved in the study. Data was taken through a specially designed proforma and statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 21. Results: A total number of 93 pregnant females were enrolled in the study. The average age of pregnant women was 30.6 ± 6.0 (20-43). The average hemoglobin in our study population was 11.1± 1.4 (8-13 g/dL). The mean range of WBC counts was 11,304/mm3 ±7722 (4100/mm3 - 81000/mm3), the mean value of RBC count was 4.1 mil/mm3 ± 0.6 (2-5 mil/mm3). The overall prevalence of anemia in pregnant females was 45% (n=42). Out of 42 pregnant anemic women, 25 (59%) had normocytic normochromic type of anemia, 15 (36%) had microcytic type of anemia, and 2 (5%) had macrocytic type of anemia. Mild anemia was recorded in 26 (30%) of the pregnant females, while moderate anemia was recorded in 16 (17%) of the pregnant females, and 51 (55%) of the pregnant females had no anemia. Conclusion: Anemia was found in the majority of pregnant females visiting tertiary care teaching hospitals. The frequency of mild anemia was high and also according to severity. The most common morphological type of anemia was normocytic normochromic. The overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 45% (n=42).55% of pregnant women were non-anemic and new severe anemia was detected.

IJCM_27A: To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh.

Background: In India, anaemia is the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder occurring primarily due to iron deficiency. Despite implementation of the Weekly Iron & Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme under NRHM since 2013, the prevalence of anaemia is high among adolescents and pregnant women (PW) Objectives: To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent school going girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: It was a community-based study which was a part of project under WCD department of H.P. PW and school going adolescent girls of age 10-19 years from 9 Community development blocks were selected randomly using PPS. IFA consumption in last one year among adolescent girls and last 1 month among pregnant women was assessed by interviewing them. Results: Total participants among PW were 180 with mean age of 26.3±4.13, whereas 720 adolescents with mean age of 15.82±1.19 were enrolled in the study. Out of 180 PWs, 160(88.8%) received IFA where majority (156;97%) of them consumed IFA distributed by ASHA worker. On the other hand, majority of adolescent girls (484/720;67%) did not receive IFA, 196/236 (83%) who received IFA was distributed by ASHAs. Mean Hb level of PW was 11.7±1.47 whereas for adolescents was 12.73±4.85. Conclusion: It was observed that most of the pregnant women are utilizing government services, however the services are not being utilized by the school going adolescent girls as WIFS are not provided regularly.

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutrition Education for Athletes in Sadakathullah Appa College

Sports Nutrition is important that adolescent athletes understand that their energy needs will be different based on age, growth rate, and level of activity, and it is vital to educate athletes on these increased energy needs to avoid deficiencies sporting events and to avoid illness and injury. Despite the increased need for nutrition education for adolescent athletes, there is still date there is a limited amount of research in this area. So, the survey was conducted and their consent was 30 athletes in different age group of 18 to 25 years were selected from both genders in Sadakathullah Appa college, Rahmath Nager, Tirunelveli district. Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical Examination and Dietary Habits of athletes were analyzed. Nutrition Education is conducted to the participants to raise an awareness to combat the nutritional deficiency disorders as well to increase their performance during the event or post the event.

Formulation and Standardisation of Nutraceutical Prepared with Mudga and Shatavari for Health and Nutrition

According to Acharya Kashyapa, Aahara is Mahabheshaja. Ayurveda is an untapped source of vast information about nutrition providing foods, drinks and regimen. There are healthier and effective replacements for the health supplements available in the market. Mudga is a common pulse found in almost every Indian household is fortified with Shatavari which is very well known for its balya rasayana action
 In this study Palalam (Ladoo) having reference in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu Kritaanavarga / 132 is made with modifications using Mudga, Shatavari and Tugaksheeri. Formulation, standardization, nutritional analysis, shelf life analysis, sensory tests of Mudga Shatavari Palalam is done to confirm its efficacy as a health supplement. All the tests were found to be satisfactory.
 The nutritional values of the product showed that it contains higher amount of nutrition, energy, proteins, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and has lower saturated fats, sodium and cholesterol. The Mudga Shatavari Ladoo was found to be fit for consumption, highly palatable and nutritive.
 Two servings of the product provide a person with 25% of the required daily nutrition. It can be given as a weight supplement to underweight children, lactating mothers, senior citizens, growing children and those having nutritional deficiency disorders and all others in general to improve immunity and to augment the nutrition from their diet.
 This formulation can also be used in the form of granules, biscuits etc as required. It can also be provided as part of mid-day meals in schools to improve the nutrition in children.

TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF MUDGA MASURA ADAKI YUSHA AS PATHYA IN PANDU ROGA W.S.R TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA – A CLINICAL STUDY

Background &Objective: Pandu Roga is a Pitta Pradhana Tridosha Vikara associated with Rasa and Raktha Vaha Srotas. It is characterized by Pandu Varnata, Arohana Ayasa, Dourbalya, Bhrama, and Hrudaya Spandhana. Anaemia is the most prevalent Nutritional deficiency disorder in the world, it affects all age groups but the most vulnerable are preschool age children, pregnant women and non-pregnant woman of childbearing age. Anaemia is a condition where haemoglobin concentration of the individuals falls below the lower limit of the normal range for the age and sex of the individual. Its common clinical features include pallor, exertional dyspnoea, tiredness, and giddiness, and can be correlated with Pandu Roga. Methods: An Interventional Single Arm Clinical Study conducted in 30 subjects for a period of 30 days. Clinical features and Hematological pa-rameters were documented before and after the treatment. Observations were analyzed and findings were evalu-ated by using Software stigma STAT-3 and statistical analysis done by Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t test. Results: The study shows that Mudga Masura Adaki Yusha have significant effect in clinical features and Haematological parameters significantly. The results obtained were found to be statistically significant at p<0.001 except for Blood picture and RBC shows p=1.000 and p=0.161 respectively. Conclusion: Mudga Masura Adaki Yusha has significant effect in Pandu Roga.

Determinants of Anemia in Adolescent Women at Makassar

Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency disorders which is a serious global public health problem, especially in developing countries, which is estimated to reach 30%. Anemia is especially prevalent among adolescent girls. The prevalence of anemia according to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2017 ranges from 40-88%. The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data in 2018 indicate that the prevalence of anemia increased from 37.1% in Riskesdas 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. The purpose of the study was to assess the determinants of anemia in adolescent girls aged 14-17 years at State High School (SMAN) 9 Makassar, Indonesia. Methods: The study was conducted at a State Senior High School in Makassar. With cross-sectional design. A total of 211 adolescent girls were selected by proportional random sampling.

Prevalence and risk factor of anemia among pregnant women admitted in antenatal ward in PBMH Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Anemia is one of the contributing factors for morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in developing country including India, which eventually leads to fetal and maternal consequences. Growing fetus depends completely on mothers for all its growth and maturity. Anemia is one of the nutritional deficiency disorders and around 56% of women are suffering from anemia in India. It is one of the reasons for maternal deaths and fetal complication during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and to determine the risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in PBMH hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 1 month from October 11, 2022, to November 11, 2022, from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital KIMS, Bhubaneswar. A total sample comprised of 52 pregnant women who were interviewed by using self-structured questionnaire for data collection and classification of anemia was performed according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. A total of 52 antenatal mothers were admitted during this study period (October 11, 2022, to November 11, 2022), and all were selected as study sample. The incidence of anemia among antenatal mother in PBM hospital was found as follows: 17 (33%) mild, 04 (07%) moderate, and 02 (04%) were severe in this present study. The most common indication of anemia among antenatal mother as per the present study was found to be H/O infection (21%), chronic malaria (15%), hook worm (27%), and birth interval (42%). The study implies that the prevalence rate of Anemia is high, that is, 44.2%. Spacing between pregnancy and H/O infection plays a significant role in considering anemia in pregnant women, which eventually affects both maternal and fetal condition.

Prevalence of Anemia, Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance Related to Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation Programme among the Adolescents in Selected School of South East Delhi

Prevalence of Anemia, Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance Related to Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation Programme among the Adolescents in Selected School of South East Delhi

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Anemia among Females of Age Group 10-45 Years in a Rural Population of Gurugram, Haryana

Introduction: Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. Its Prevalence is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of unfavorable socio- demographic factors and indigent access to healthcare services. Therefore, it is pertinent to find the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors. Objective: To find out prevalence and socio- demographic factors associated with anaemia among females of age group 10-45 years in a rural population of Gurugram, Haryana. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in villages under PHC Garhi Harsaru in Gurugram, Haryana among 452 females of age group 10-45 years by two stage random sampling technique. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 25 ± 6.39 years. The overall prevalence of anemia among women of age group of 10-45 years was found to be 62.39%. Joint family, lower literacy, and low socioeconomic status were found to be statistically significant risk factors for anaemia among study subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia was very high; therefore attempts should be made to sensitize the rural population through health and nutrition education, information, education and communication (IEC) and appropriate behaviour change communication (BCC) activities.

Feto-Maternal Outcome of Moderate Anaemia in Term Pregnancy at DMCH

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem throughout the world especially in developing countries and it is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. High prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women persists despite the availability of effective and low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse maternal and fetal outcome in women diagnosed with moderate anaemia at term pregnancy. Methods: This Descriptive type of observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital; from 16th September 2021 to 15th March 2022. Samples were collected by purposive sampling. Sample size was 96. Detailed demographic data were collected from the hospital case records in structured data collection form. History, clinical examination, and investigations were done meticulously. Then all information were collected in data collection sheet. Data processing work consist of registration schedules, editing computerization, preparation of dummy table, analyzing and matching of data by number of SPSS version 24. Results: This study was attempted to observe the feto-maternal outcome of moderate anaemia. Among 96 study patients, majority (37.5%) were between 21-25 years age group. There was rural predominance with 66.56%. Socio-demographic data showed that 45.8% came from lower class and 40.6% from lower middle class. Majority patients (59.28%) were housewives. According to level of education, 42.64% had only school education followed by 37.44% had no education. Among the patients, 89.6% were Muslims and 9.4% were Hindus. Among the 53 multiparous women, 21 patients (39.62%) had no history of fetal loss, 16 patients (30.18%) had history of previous abortion & 5 (9.43%) had previous ectopic pregnancies. According to the type of anaemia 81.12% had normocytic normochromic anaemia, 79.04% had Iron deficiency, 8.32 & had folic acid ..

Pattern of Suicidal Deaths in Cases Coming to a Tertiary Center in Bangladesh

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem throughout the world especially in developing countries and it is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. High prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women persists despite the availability of effective and low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse maternal and fetal outcome in women diagnosed with moderate anaemia at term pregnancy. Methods: This Descriptive type of observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital; from 16th September 2021 to 15th March 2022. Samples were collected by purposive sampling. Sample size was 96. Detailed demographic data were collected from the hospital case records in structured data collection form. History, clinical examination, and investigations were done meticulously. Then all information were collected in data collection sheet. Data processing work consist of registration schedules, editing computerization, preparation of dummy table, analyzing and matching of data by number of SPSS version 24. Results: This study was attempted to observe the feto-maternal outcome of moderate anaemia. Among 96 study patients, majority (37.5%) were between 21-25 years age group. There was rural predominance with 66.56%. Socio-demographic data showed that 45.8% came from lower class and 40.6% from lower middle class. Majority patients (59.28%) were housewives. According to level of education, 42.64% had only school education followed by 37.44% had no education. Among the patients, 89.6% were Muslims and 9.4% were Hindus. Among the 53 multiparous women, 21 patients (39.62%) had no history of fetal loss, 16 patients (30.18%) had history of previous abortion & 5 (9.43%) had previous ectopic pregnancies. According to the type of anaemia 81.12% had normocytic normochromic anaemia, 79.04% had Iron deficiency, 8.32 & had folic acid def

A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi

Santarpana and Apatarpana are the two types of effects in the body by the regular exposure to Brimhana and Langhana Ahara, Viharas respectively. In present scenario incidence of non-communicable diseases are increasing and are the risk factors for many systemic illnesses and mortality. A detailed understanding of non-communicable diseases is need of the hour. Those Dravyas which are predominant of Prithvi and Ap Mahabhoota will cause Brimhana and Dravyas which are predominant of Agni, Vayu and Akasha will cause Langhana. Santarpana Nidanas will vitiates predominantly Agni, Kapha and Meda leading for Santarpanotha Vikaras. From contemporary understanding these can be studied under over nutritive disorders. On the other hand, improper or excessive exposure to Apatarpana Ahara and Vihara leads to the vitiation of Vata and leads to increased Rookshata in Rasa Dhatu leading to Utharothara Dhatu Kshaya and manifesting the Apatarpana Janya Vikaras. These can be studied as nutritional deficiency disorders. Here an attempt is made to study the Santarpana and Apatarpana Nidana, Samprapti and Vikaras in detail.

Prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract Background: Anemia is defined operationally as a reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood that can be caused by a decrease in red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin, and hematocrit below the reference interval for healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race under similar environmental conditions. Megaloblastic anemia is a condition, in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, and immature red blood cell. World Health Organization identifies anemia as the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world and a serious health concern among pregnant women. The 2011 estimates suggest that anemia affects around 800 million children and women all over the world, including 273 million children, 496 million non-pregnant women, and 32 million pregnant women. Objective: To determine the prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected and investigations are done on Elite 580. Results: Male patients were more likely than female individuals to have megaloblastic anemia. Only 62 patients were female, with 210 patients being men. Male patients made up 77.21% of the prevalence, while female patients made up 22.79%. Megaloblastic anemia is more common in people between the ages of 41 and 50, both in male and female patients. Between the ages of 41 and 50, there were 144 male patients and 35 female patients overall. According to their ages, the prevalence of mean ± standard deviation was 43.5 ± 15.6 years for male patients and 41.32 ± 6.53 years for female patients. Male patients with megaloblastic anemia had an average hemoglobin concentration of 9.990.94 g/dL, whereas female patients had one of 9.970.87 g/dL. Conclusion: Government of Rajasthan as well as Health Ministry of India should take appropriate action to control the megaloblastic anemia in patient. Megaloblastic anemia is a common anemia found in the rural parts of Jaipur. The present study helps physicians to take necessary steps to control it. Not only for physicians, it will also be helpful for the government authorities to take appropriate steps to prevent and control the megaloblastic anemia. Iron and vitamin B12 supplements should be given to the patients on right time to control megaloblastic anemia. A balanced diet should be taken to prevent it. Government should take steps to educate the peoples of Rajasthan by displaying posters, conducting educational dramas, etc., both in rural and in the urban parts of this state.

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON KARSHYA IN AYURVEDIC PROSPECTIVE

Karshya is a disease entity or a condition in which there occurs emaciation to the body of a person, with less quantity of Rasa dhatu, further resulting in Mamsakshaya. In children, the mild or moderate form of nutritional deficiency disorder is considered as karshya. Aacharya Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhatta have described almost identical symptoms of Karshya as Shushk Sphiga Udar Griva (Emaciated buttock, abdomen, neck region), Dhamanijala Santatah (Prominent venous network), Twak-Asthi Shesh (Skin bone appearance) Sthula Parva (Prominent joint), Patient can’t tolerate-Ati Vyayama (excessive exercise), Kshut Pipasha Oushadha (Hunger, Thirst, Medicines), Ati Shita Ushnamaithuna (excessive cold- hot, sexual intercourse). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition affects health outcomes, survival rates and even the development of population groups worldwide.

Anaemia in Pregnancy, Severity and Outcome in Lumbini Province, Nepal

INTRODUCTION Anemia is common nutritional deficiency disorder in pregnant women. It is important cause of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. We evaluated pregnant women presenting to UCMS-TH with hemoglobin level less than 9 gm/dl with reference to maternal and fetal outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total of 255 women presenting with moderate to severe anemia at our hospital were evaluated. Demographic profile of patients, maternal outcomes and fetal outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Most of patients were from rural area (78%) of which majority (69.8%) were unbooked. Severe anemia was present in 16.5% cases. Maternal complications included preterm labor (23.1%), post partum hemorrhage (19.2%), wound infection (8.6%), ante partum hemorrhage (5.5%), intensive care unit admission (4.3%) and mortality (0.4%). Fetal outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit admission (29.8%), intrauterine growth restriction (9%) and neonatal death (7.5%). CONCLUSION Severity of anemia associated with significant increase in PPH, preterm delivery, ICU admission and heart failure.

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ITS ORAL MANIFESTATION -A REVIEW

The oral cavity is the mirror of systemic health. Anemia is one such condition, which manifests itself in the oral cavity. According to the World Health Organization, the normal haemoglobin level for an adult male is around 13.8 g/dl and for an adult woman is around 12.1 g/dl. Anemia is defined as when the haemoglobin level in the blood is below the lower extreme of the normal range for the age and sex of the individual. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in children and women and is worldwide in distribution. It is characterised by fatigue, weakness, pallor, and koilonychias. Thus, oral physicians play an important role in diagnosis and thereby prevention of anemia, as oral manifestations may be the earliest feature of the condition.

Sex Ratio, Health, and Social Status: A Biographical Description of Middle- and Late-Period Bay Area Children

ABSTRACT: This article presents new information pertaining to the demographic profile of the juvenile burial assemblage ( n = 39) from a Late Holocene site located on the eastern shore of the San Francisco Bay. CA-ALA-329 is commonly referred to as Ryan Mound and now bears the Muwekma Ohlone name Mánni Muwékma Kúksú Hóowok Yatiš Túnnešte-tka , which means “place where the people of the kúksú (bighead) pendants are buried.” This site has been extensively studied and has contributed significantly to our understanding of life on the bay during the Middle and Late Periods. However, most of the previous studies have focused on adults. The goal of the present study was to identify patterns in the profiles of those who died prematurely: their sex, the degree of stress they experienced based on skeletal indicators of disease/malnutrition, and their social status based on associated grave goods. Results show high incidence of skeletal indicators in the sample consistent with nutritional deficiency, disease/infection, and/or metabolic disorders. This suggests that this population was experiencing stress. Individual circumstances, such as age and sex, may also have contributed to poor health because infants have the highest prevalence of cribra orbitalia and periostitis. The distribution of wealth, as evidenced by burial goods associated with the sample, shows some correlation with age at death and types of artifacts. Distribution of wealth also differs temporally. Inequality seems to have been highest in the Middle Period, whereas inequality decreased but overall wealth increased into the Late Period.

Prevalence and public health significance of anemia among non-pregnant, non-lactating tribal women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in India

Background: In reproductive age, anemia is high burden and significant loss of maternal life in India. In general anemia largely a nutritional deficiency disorder, suffering about 50% of all women during reproduction. Objectives: This review works elucidates the prevalence rate and highlighting the inadequacy or opportunities to refocus this area which are taken but lag behind these or could find other solutions. Methods: The methodology of this review work are simply searching of published literature review, articles, periodicals, through online database, journal etc. The article selected from the year 2000 to 2020 for those work studied key areas of tribal non-pregnant, non-lactating reproductive women between 15-49 years age. This review study included final 20 eligible research papers those conducted on same age and physiological condition of tribal women. Results: Out of 20 selected paper 7951 sample were gather and tabulated for analysis. The range of lowest 48 samples to 3923 big sample was varied. In general anemia prevalence calculated by 65.3% (95% CI: 64.3 – 66.4) in studied subjects. Conclusion: Anemia is a worst situation among tribal women in India as per WHO classification of severity of anemia, indicating need based urgent steps.