Nutritional Burden Research Articles

The Nutritional Burden of Cancer: Nutritional Status and Body Composition Differences Between Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and their Siblings in Guatemala

During treatment, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) gain fat mass and lose skeletal muscle mass. The great majority live in low- and middle-income countries with few studies of their body composition and none addressing the hypothesis that the disease itself contributes to nutritional morbidity. At diagnosis, children with ALL were compared to their siblings on socioeconomic status (SES). Nutritional status was assessed by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)-for-age Z scores and body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Median SES scores for the patients (47.5) and their siblings (47.0) were very similar (P = 0.5). MUAC Z scores for patients aged >5 years were lower than for siblings (P < 0.001). On DXA siblings had a higher mean appendicular lean mass index Z score, a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass, than patients (P = 0.019). A logistic model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of being severely/moderately under-nourished (classified by MUAC Z score) by SES revealed that, compared with siblings (n = 49), children with ALL (n = 60) had a higher probability of being under-nourished (OR 5.25, 95% CI 1.44–25.95, P = 0.02). The results support the hypothesis that children at diagnosis of ALL in Guatemala are more nutritionally depleted than their apparently healthy siblings.

Literature Review: Impact of the Double Burden Malnutrition

Double burden of nutrition is a nutritional problem where undernutrition and overnutrition occur together. It might happen at the level of the individual, the household, and the population. This article’s goal is to acertain how double burden of nutrition affects health, economy, and productivity. The literature review approach was used to construct this paper, results were sourced from the Google Scholar database and then selected and examined more deeply the findings. The findings of this literature review highlight the effects of the health aspect which include the emergence of infectious, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairment; the economic aspect which leads in poverty and difficulty in finding employment opportunities; and the aspect of the country's productivity will decrease.

Effectiveness of the online-based comprehensive cognitive training application, Smart Brain, for community-dwelling older adults with dementia: a randomized controlled trial.

The fourth industrial revolution has brought about developments in information and communication technologies for interventions in older adults with dementia. Currently, most interventions focus on single interventions. However, community-dwelling older adults with dementia require comprehensive cognitive interventions, and clinical studies analyzing the effects of comprehensive interventions based on randomized controlled trials are lacking. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of an information and communication technology-based comprehensive cognitive training program, Smart Brain, on multi-domain function among community-dwelling older adults with dementia. This was a two-group, randomized, controlled trial. This study was conducted at participant's home. We analyzed older adults with dementia. Participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (N.=30) or the control group (N.=30). Older adults with dementia in the intervention group received 8 weeks of Smart Brain comprehensive cognitive training using a tablet, whereas the control group received a similar tablet but without the training. We measured the outcomes at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks. Cognitive function, depression, quality of life, balance confidence, physical ability, nutrition, and caregiver burden were compared between groups. In the intervention group, cognitive function statistically increased from baseline to both week 4 (2.03; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.81) and week 8 (2.70; 95% CI 1.76 to 3.64). Depression was statistically different from week 0 to week 8 (-1.67, 95% CI -2.85 to -0.48). Physical ability statistically increased from baseline to both week 4 (-0.85; 95% CI 1.49 to -0.20) and week 8 (-1.44; 95% CI -2.29 to -0.59). Nutrition statistically increased from baseline to both week 4 (0.67; 95% CI 0.05 to 1.28) and week 8 (1.10; 95% CI 0.36 to 1.84). Smart Brain significantly improved cognitive function, reduced depression, and enhanced physical and nutritional status in older adults with dementia. This demonstrates its potential as an effective non-pharmacological intervention in community-based dementia care. Smart Brain's personalized approach, which integrates user-specific preferences and expert guidance, enhances engagement and goal achievement in dementia care. This enhances self-esteem and clinical outcomes, demonstrates the application's potential to innovate rehabilitation practices.

Key predictors of food security and nutrition in Africa: a spatio-temporal model-based study

There is voluminous literature on Food Security in Africa. This study explicitly considers the spatio-temporal factors in addition to the usual FAO-based metrics in modeling and understanding the dynamics of food security and nutrition across the African continent. To better understand the complex trajectory and burden of food insecurity and nutrition in Africa, it is crucial to consider space-time factors when modeling and interpreting food security. The spatio-temporal anova model was found to be superior(employing statistical criteria) to the other three models from the spatio-temporal interaction domain models. The results of the study suggest that dietary supply adequacy, food stability, and consumption status are positively associated with severe food security, while average food supply and environmental factors have negative effects on Food Security and Nutrition. The findings also indicate that severe food insecurity and malnutrition are spatially and temporally correlated across the African continent. Spatio-temporal modeling and spatial mapping are essential components of a comprehensive practice to reduce the burden of severe food insecurity. likewise, any planning and intervention to improve the average food supply and environment to promote sustainable development should be regional instead of one size fit all.

Design of the Bali Province Food Security Action Plan towards Food Independence

The problem of hunger is one of the problems that still occur in Indonesia. The problem of hunger is closely related to the problem of staple foods, such as the unmet security of staple food, rice as the community's main food, and the increasing demand for staple foods. This research aims to analyze the challenges faced by Bali Province in maintaining sustainable food security and to design food security action designs in Bali Province towards food independence. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data with a descriptive analysis method using ISM analysis. The results of the research show that food challenges that occur in Bali Province include reduced agricultural land, unbalanced supply and demand for food commodities, weak use and mastery of technology, lack of farming management and product marketing, the proportion of crop loss and food waste is still quite high, food loss due to inaccuracy in handling food, the area of agricultural land per capita is very limited, the number of young people interested in working in the agricultural sector is still problematic, the age of farmers over 45 years reaches 64.2%, Indonesia is also still facing three times the burden of nutrition, climate change, and hydrometeorological disasters. The Bali Province's food security design towards food independence consists of farmers, government, companies, financial institutions, and agricultural cooperatives who are interconnected with each other.&#x0D;

Nutritional burden from the global burden of disease.

Nutritional deficiencies remain a severe public health burden worldwide. They include some deficiencies and can lead to protein-energy malnutrition. Recent data has showed that inapprioprate nutrition and diet might be responsible for several milion deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we aimed to determined the incidence rate of and DALYs due to nutritional deficiencies in 204 countries and territories. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to calculate the incidence rates of and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to nutritional deficiencies in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. During this period, the age-standardized incidence rate of nutritional deficiencies remained stable globally (EAPC = -0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.20 to 0.09) and increased the most in high-middle-sociodemographic-index (SDI) areas. In addition, at the region level, from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of nutritional deficiencies increased the most in South Asia, whereas at the country level, it increased the most in Czechia (EAPC = 1.81) and Turkey (EAPC = 1.45). Furthermore, from 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized DALY rates due to nutritional deficiencies decreased (EAPC = -2.91), especially in East Asia, Andean Latin America, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of and DALY rates due to nutritional deficiencies remained high in low-middle- and low-SDI areas, and Southeast Asia, Czechia, and Turkey had the highest levels of nutritional deficiencies.

Comparison between Amino Acid Profiling of Structural Proteins of earliest and recent omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 and Nutritional Burden on COVID-19 patients

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has four structural proteins. Inside human host cell, it replicates, for which each requires all the structural proteins, and to generate these, entire requirement of amino acids is borne by the host. There is no data regarding amino acid profiling, variation in strains, and its actual burden on the human host. Profiling, with its therapeutic utility, was studied using genomics and proteomics of earliest Wuhan strain and was compared with the recent emerging heavily mutated variant of concern, Omicron. With each replicating SARS-CoV-2 consuming a considerable percentage of essential amino acids (EAAs), coronavirus infection causes huge burden of EAAs on the entire human body in generating billions and billions of SARS-CoV-2 and can cause depletion of body protein stores. The complete amino acid profiling of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 can act as benchmark for designing the correct nutritional supplements for the management of nutritional burden on the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Health issues of the indigenous communities with special reference to the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha: a review

As India is a country in epidemiological transition, the indigenous populations agonise from a dual burden of illnesses, including undernutrition, infectious diseases and lifestyle-related issues like hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Few concrete efforts have been made to understand these emerging public health problems with emphasis on the indigenous populations living in this country. This review paper focuses on the epidemiological transition, prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutritional status, dual burden of malnutrition and the availability, acceptability and accessibility of the health care services among the tribal communities with special emphasis on the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha. This study is based on the review of published articles in different online databases using search engines like Google Scholar, Pub Med, INFLIBNET, JSTOR. A total of 195 articles published during the period from 1956 to 2022 were reviewed. The review is focussed on the indigenous populations living in the Indian state of Odisha. Migration and urbanization are the leading causes of epidemiological transition among them. The health scenario in terms of nutritional status, disease burden and availability of health care facilities of Odisha was found to be far behind the national average. Compared to other groups, the situation of the PVTGs of this state is the worst. The review suggests more action-oriented ground level research with targeted goals that would address the health needs of the indigenous populations at a micro level.

Reflection on the Groceries to Graduate scholarship program at Missouri Southern State University

In recent years, myriad universities have sought measures to alleviate the burden of nutrition inse­curity among undergraduate in order to improve student health and academic success, as the preva­lence of nutrition insecurity on college campuses has gained attention from researchers. At Missouri Southern State University (MSSU), faculty launched the Lion Co-op Center for Nutrition Security (LCCNS) in 2018, which focused on research and included a free food and personal hygiene pantry that all students, staff, and faculty were eligible to use. In 2020, the LCCNS piloted the Groceries to Graduate (G2G) scholarship program, which provides advanced undergraduate students (those who have earned 60+ credit hours) in good standing and with finan­cial need with scholarship tokens that can be used as currency at the Webb City Farmers Market, located three miles north of campus. The objective of this program was to increase low-income under­graduate access to fresh produce and reduce their financial burden of purchasing high quality food, therefore improving academic outcomes. This reflective essay examines the preliminary findings we obtained about the first two years of the schol­arship program. It assesses the methods of com­municating with students about the scholarship program, token usage, availability of fresh produce, and student academic success. The initial findings suggest that while the model needs improvement, the scholarships are meeting student needs for access to nutritional food. This market-based solu­tion gives students currency (tokens) so that they can buy directly from local merchants, a model that with some revision may provide a workable model for small universities to address nutritional insecu­rity among students.

The Predictive Potential of Nutritional and Metabolic Burden: Development of a Novel Validated Metric Predicting Increased Postoperative Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

A retrospective cohort review. To develop a scoring system for predicting increased risk of postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery based on baseline nutritional and metabolic factors. Endocrine and metabolic conditions have been shown to adversely influence patient outcomes and may increase the likelihood of postoperative complications. The impact of these conditions has not been effectively evaluated in patients undergoing ASD surgery. ASD patients 18 years or above with baseline and two-year data were included. An internally cross-validated weighted equation using preoperative laboratory and comorbidity data correlating to increased perioperative complications was developed via Poisson regression. Body mass index (BMI) categorization (normal, over/underweight, and obese) and diabetes classification (normal, prediabetic, and diabetic) were used per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Diabetes Associates parameters. A novel ASD-specific nutritional and metabolic burden score (ASD-NMBS) was calculated via Beta-Sullivan adjustment, and Conditional Inference Tree determined the score threshold for experiencing ≥1 complication. Cohorts were stratified into low-risk and high-risk groups for comparison. Logistic regression assessed correlations between increasing burden score and complications. Two hundred one ASD patients were included (mean age: 58.60±15.4, sex: 48% female, BMI: 29.95±14.31, Charlson Comorbidity Index: 3.75±2.40). Significant factors were determined to be age (+1/yr), hypertension (+18), peripheral vascular disease (+37), smoking status (+21), anemia (+1), VitD hydroxyl (+1/ng/mL), BMI (+13/cat), and diabetes (+4/cat) (model: P <0.001, area under the curve: 92.9%). Conditional Inference Tree determined scores above 175 correlated with ≥1 post-op complication ( P <0.001). Furthermore, HIGH patients reported higher rates of postoperative cardiac complications ( P =0.045) and were more likely to require reoperation ( P =0.024) compared with low patients. The development of a validated novel nutritional and metabolic burden score (ASD-NMBS) demonstrated that patients with higher scores are at greater risk of increased postoperative complications and course. As such, surgeons should consider the reduction of nutritional and metabolic burden preoperatively to enhance outcomes and reduce complications in ASD patients.

PROBABILITAS PRAKTEK PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU (MP-ASI) PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI INDONESIA: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL

The cause of the double nutritional burden problem in Indonesia is one of the reasons for giving complementary food to ASI (MP-ASI) earlier (&lt;6 months). The practice of giving MP-ASI in several countries, including Indonesia, has not yet reached the national target and the influencing factors are unknown based on national survey data. This study aims to determine the practice of giving MP-ASI to children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia and the influencing factors based on IDHS 2017 data. Research design using a cross-sectional study. The data comes from the results of the 2017 IDHS. The population is all mothers aged 15-49 years who have children aged 6-23 months. The sample is mothers aged 15-49 years who have children aged 6-23 months of 4,985 children. Data analysis used multivariate logistic regression. The practice of giving MP-ASI according to recommendations is 55.53%. Socioeconomic status (p= 0.0001; OR=1.172), place of residence (p= 0.0001; OR=1.168), education (p= 0.002; OR= 1.126), and parity (p= 0.001; OR=0.982) are significantly related to the practice of giving MP-ASI to children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. The most dominant factor related to the practice of giving MP-ASI is socio-economic status. The probability that the practice of giving MP-ASI is not in accordance with recommendations based on risk factors is 86%. Socioeconomic status, place of residence, education, employment, parity as determinants of the practice of giving MP-ASI to children aged 6-23 months. Need to strengthen strategies to reduce poverty and increase education levels, increase access to health services in rural areas, increase visits of pregnant women and toddlers to posyandu, and improve strategies for family planning programs.

Decomposing acute malnutrition by educational inequality of mother’s among under five children in Jammu and Kashmir

Health outcomes in the state of Jammu and Kashmir have shown improvement in recent decades. However, nutritional achievements, particularly among children under the age of five, have not seen similar progress. Various factors influence the nutritional status of this age group, with the socio-cultural and biological attributes of mothers being considered significant determinants. While some studies have examined these attributes, there is a scarcity of research exploring the causal link between socio-culturally determined factors, such as maternal education, and child nutritional achievements, especially in Indian states located in North India. This paper aims to address this gap by analysing the prevalence of acute malnutrition (stunting) among children under five in Jammu and Kashmir in relation to educational inequality among mothers. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) is used to assess the levels of stunting (low height for age) among children, considering the literacy status of mothers and other control variables. Bivariate and multivariable methods are employed to study the association and identify risk factors. Additionally, the Oaxaca decomposition method is used to analyse the educational gap in factors associated with child stunting. The results indicate a higher prevalence of stunting among children of uneducated mothers (29%) compared to those of educated mothers (25%). The findings demonstrate a lower risk of stunting among children whose mothers are literate (OR 0.89). The Oaxaca decomposition analysis reveals a statistically significant difference in stunting between children based on their mother's education. These results highlight the wide disparities in acute malnutrition among children due to variations in maternal education. It is therefore crucial for policymakers to prioritize efforts to reduce educational disparities in order to alleviate the nutritional burden faced by children.

A multi-dimensional assessment of sustainable foods and the influence of stakeholder perceptions during nutrition interventions

In addressing the growing challenge of malnutrition, many governments, donors, and international organizations have committed to supporting large-scale programs to speed up global nutrition targets. However, food systems differ in size and structure from one country to another and between rural and urban areas, which might affect nutrition program success, especially in developing countries. In this study, we developed and tested an integrated field and model-based framework to assess nutrition, health, environment, and time burden to support the sustainable implementation of interventions within a local food system. Then, we examined the influence of stakeholder priorities in harmony with SDGs 2 and 12 on contextual drivers for selecting an optimal food processing method to introduce into meal preparation. The framework was designed considering nutrient profiling, environmental impact assessment, and multicriteria modeling and executed on the “Strengthening Capacity of Local Actors in the Nutrition-Sensitive Agri-food Value Chain” project in Zambia and Malawi. The results suggest that stakeholders' priorities substantially influence the method adopted in a local food system. Additionally, there are inevitable trade-offs, such as time burden/gain, fuel and water consumption, and lower/greater micronutrient levels during food processing and meal preparation that compete with nutrition program objectives; nonetheless, these trade-offs must be embraced to achieve sustainable food systems. Furthermore, nutrient leakages observed due to varying local processing and preparation raise concerns about the sustained efforts by international organizations. If confirmed in other regions, implies that investments during nutrition programs are wasted somewhere in the system due to inefficiencies at the household level.

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of food insecurity among Venezuelan migrant and refugee urban households in Peru.

Food insecurity (FI) is a public health problem affecting many regions of the world. In Venezuela, the political, social and economic situation experienced since 2010 has caused a mass migration of its population to other countries, including Peru, which, in turn, may have limited access to and availability of food leading to a high nutritional burden in this population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of FI in the households of Venezuelan immigrants in Peru. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the "Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País" (ENPOVE 2022). The dependent variable was moderate-severe FI (yes/no), which was constructed from an eight-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure FI at the household level. Poisson log generalized linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the independent variables and FI. In addition, the reliability of the FIES as a tool for measuring food insecurity in the target population was determined. A total of 3,491 households with Venezuelan migrants and refugees were included in the analysis. We found that 39.0% of Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru experienced moderate-severe FI. The determinants of FI included socio-demographic characteristics of the household head, and economic and geographical characteristics of the household. Regarding the FIES, we found that the inclusion of 7 of the 8 items had adequate internal consistency and its items assessed the same latent range. This study highlights the need to identify determinants associated with FI to design strategies that mitigate the consequences of health crises and strengthen regional food systems, making them more sustainable. Although several studies have evaluated the prevalence of FI in Venezuelan migrant populations in other countries, this study is the first to evaluate the determinants of FI in Venezuelan immigrant households in Peru.

STUNTING AND OBESITY PREVENTION EDUCATION AT PARENTS OF PAUD STUDENTS ON THE COMMEMORATIONOF NATIONAL NUTRITION DAY

Background: Indonesia is experiencing a double burden of nutrition because at this time there are still malnutrition problems, one of which is stunting and also over nutrition problems, namely obesity in children. Objective: The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of parents/guardians of TK/KB Lasiyam Surabaya students about "Actions to Prevent Stunting and Obesity in Children". Method: Online education with webinar format targeting parents of TK/KB Lasiyam students, Surabaya. Then at the end of the activity, participants were given a post test questionnaire to find out the results of understanding the material "Joint action to prevent stunting and obesity in children". Results: The majority of participants are aged 25-35 years with a diploma/bachelor degree and working as private employees. 78% of participants in this webinar-based education have a good level of knowledge after attending the webinar. Conclusion: Parents of TK/KB Lasiyam Surabaya students have a good level of knowledge so it is hoped that stunting and obesity can be suppressed, one of which is through early childhood education institutions.

Pelatihan Skrining Gizi bagi Pengelola Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Semarang

Adolescence is a period of transition or transition from childhood to adulthood. At that time, teenagers are often overwhelmed by a lot of ignorance about their development which can cause their own problems. One of the health problems that are most often experienced by adolescents today is the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition, excess nutrition (obesity), and iron deficiency anemia. Anthropometric nutritional status measurement is one way of early detection of growth retardation for children. Routinely under the coordination of the Puskesmas, measuring the weight and or height of new school children is one of the screening tools for children's health. Insufficient height is assumed to be the result of long-term malnutrition that can interfere with student learning achievement and low body resistance to disease and child mortality. One of the efforts to minimize this problem is to monitor nutritional status early, especially in the school environment. The School Health Effort (SHE) is the spearhead of the “health promotion school” effort. With the training on nutritional status assessment for the UKS managers/officers of the State Junior High School (SMPN) 13 Semarang City, it can help partners find out an early picture of the nutritional status of students. The method of implementing nutrition screening training activities consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation assisted by powerpoint media, and anthropometric measurement tools, evaluation (pre-test and post-test), and reflection. The training participants were students from SHE management, totaling 30 people. Based on the results of the evaluation by comparing the pre-test and post-test results, the participants after being given training understood and were able to practice anthropometric measurements of weight and height, and were able to determine nutritional status by looking at the BMI/U index table.

Introduction to Balanced Nutrition in Teaching for Elementary School Students

The current condition in Indonesia, especially in children, is still experiencing a double burden of nutrition, namely lack of and excess nutrition. Many factors are involved in nutritional problems in Indonesia. One of the efforts that support the prevention of nutritional problems is through direct socialization to children by providing information about balanced nutrition so that it is expected to be able to educate from an early age, especially in choosing the types of food that are good for health and the introduction of body conditions related to nutritional disorders. The purpose of this study is that students in the Tugu Negeri Desa Cihideung. Parongpong District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. get additional education about balanced nutrition and at the same time the introduction of canker sores as an example of a disease that can be caused by a nutritional disorder. filling out a questionnaire that is applied to early childhood with an age range of 7-9 years using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The result is that from a total of 20 students who filled out the questionnaire, as many as 62 students (67%) experienced an increase in the score on their post test results, and as many as 100% of grade 1 students experienced an increase, this shows that the implementation can be well absorbed by most students. A good counseling process requires several supporting factors including careful preparation and during implementation, interactive material delivery techniques are needed, as well as good team coordination. Continuous activities need to be carried out to monitor the application of the knowledge gained from the results of the counseling so that it is hoped that there will be an increase in the health quality of Indonesian children. The child's body is stronger against infection with other diseases.

Peripheral Blood Markers Predictive of Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With PD-1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy

Aim: To determine the prognostic value of peripheral blood markers in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients receiving programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 54 patients with advanced ESCC was performed to assess 12 blood markers involving inflammation, nutrition, and tumor burden. Analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to explore the difference in markers among different response to therapy. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox models were applied to identify independent predictors of outcome. Results: Patients who achieved response had significantly higher prealbumin, increased BMI, and lower hs-CRP levels at baseline compared with those who experienced disease progression. In the univariate analysis, ALI > 23.55, PNI > 45.175, NLR ≤ 5, and hs-CRP ≤ 6.7 mg/L were significantly associated with a better progression-free survival. Cox regression analysis revealed that ALI >23.55 (P = 0.037) and hs-CRP ≤6.7 mg/L (P = 0.043) were independently associated with superior PFS. Increased tumor abnormal protein (TAP) levels post two cycles was significantly associated with a worse prognosis (P = 0.004). Conclusions: A baseline signature of low ALI and high hs-CRP as well as an early increase in TAP in ESCC appear to be predictive of inferior PFS.

Food Consumption and Nutritional Status of Urban Low Middle-income Families

In the 1970s Green Revolution enabled India to become self-sufficient in food production, but poverty, low dietary intake and under-nutrition were high. India identified poor families on the basis of energy consumption, provided employment to these families to improve purchasing power, subsidized food grains through PDS to improve family food security and food supplementation through ICDS to children and women from poor families to bridge the gap in their dietary intake. Over years, there has been a decline in under-nutrition but rate of decline was slow. The country is currently having persistent high under-nutrition in children, rise in over-nutrition in adults and increasing intra-family differences in nutritional status. A study was taken up in 547 urban low middle-income families with dual nutrition burden, to assess the current food and macronutrient consumption and food security status of the families and the nutritional status of the individual family members. The average energy intake of these families was 1900 Kcal. This was lower than the EAR for reference population (2110 Kcal/day) but higher by 140 Kcal when compared to the EAR for average Indian population (1760 Kcal/day). In pre-school and school-age children stunting rates were high but wasting and over-nutrition rates were low. Over-nutrition rates in adults were high perhaps due to higher energy intake as compared to the requirements for the short-statured sedentary adults. In view of these findings, it may be useful to explore a dual approach: programmes aimed at improving household food security continue to focus on families; while programmes aimed at improving nutritional status focus on anthropometric screening of individual members (children and adults) for early identification of under-or over-nutrition, appropriate management and monitoring improvement.

THE DOUBLE BURDEN OF NUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN HIGH SCHOOLS STUDENTS IN LONG XUYEN CITY, AN GIANG PROVINCE

The study was conducted to determine the double nutritional burden status among high school students and some related factors. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study with 384 high school students in Long Xuyen city, An Giang province. Students were measured weight and height by anthropometric methods and collected information, eating habits through questionnaires. The research results show that the stunting, wasting, and overweight/ obesity rate was 8.3%, 7.8%, and 6.2%, respectively. The percentage of high school students who ate fatty, snacking, and sweet foods were high, at 60.7%, 79.4% and 68.5%, respectively. The percentage of students who have a habit of eating at night after 9 pm was 22.1%. Average family income over 10 million VND/month, fatty and sweet eating habits were factors contributing to reducing the risk of stunting and wasting, but increasing the risk of being overweight/obesity.