Nutritional Assessment Of Children Research Articles

Nutritional Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: A Preliminary Longitudinal Investigation Using the 24-h Dietary Recall.

Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) is a Feeding and Eating Disorder characterized by fear of gaining weight and body image disturbance, in the absence of significantly low body weight. AAN may present specific clinical and psychopathological features. Nonetheless, the literature lacks data concerning the nutritional characteristics and body composition of children and adolescents with AAN and their variation over time. Case series, including 17 children and adolescents with AAN. All the patients were assessed at the first evaluation (T0) with a standardized dietary assessment (24 h Dietary Recall, 24 hDR). Nutritional data were compared with European dietary reference values (DRVs). Body composition parameters (weight, fat mass, fat-free mass) and their changes over time at two (T1) and six (T2) months were collected as well, using a Bioelectrical impedance analysis (Wunder WBA300 with four poles and foot contact; impedance frequency 50 kHz 500 μA; impedance measurement range 200~1000 Ω/0.1 Ω). The included individuals presented eating behaviors oriented towards significantly low daily energy intake (p < 0.001) compared with DRVs set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (with low carbohydrates and fats), and increased proteins (p < 0.001). A longer latency before observation (illness duration before observation) correlated with a negative change in weight. Body composition parameters were described, with no significant changes across the six-month outpatient assessment. This is the first research to systematically assess the body composition and nutritional features of a group of individuals with AAN in the developmental age. Further research should assess the effect of targeted treatment interventions on body composition and nutritional features.

Prevalence of Malnutrition among Rural Children Under 5 Years in Rural Area of Agra District

India is the world's second-largest country in food production and also the home of malnourished children. Adequate nutrition is the foundation of children’s health, growth, and development. In India nearly half of the children under 5 years old are scummed to death every year due to malnutrition. The study's objective was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition in children aged 1-5 years. Nutritional assessment of children was conducted in rural areas using standard anthropometric measurements of height and weight, MUAC, and HC analysed using WHO AnthroPlus software. Purposive random sampling was used in this research. Among 200 children studied 142 were more than 2.5 years old and 58 were below 2.5 years old. The prevalence of underweight (WAZ) in the above 2.5 years old categorywas 66(92.95%) out of 71 in boys and63(90%) out of 70 in girls. The prevalence of stunting (HAZ) was 64(90.14 %) out of 71 in boys and61(87.14%) out of 70 in girls. Among the below 2.5 years oldcategory were25(80.64%) out of 31 boys and 25(89.28%) out of 28 girls were underweight (WAZ). 26(83.87%) out of 31 boys and26(92.85%) out of 28 girlswere stunted (HAZ). The observed percentage for Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and Head circumference (HC) is 85.71 % and 64.28 % in girls and 77.41% and 70.96% in boys respectively.The dietary intake of girls was lower thanboys as compared to the RDA by ICMR. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in rural schoolchildren in line with the national prevalence

Nutritional assessment of children in the selected anganwadis in field practice area of RVM medical

: Malnutrition stands as one of the most prevalent conditions impacting the well-being of children. It heightens a child's vulnerability to infections, delays recovery, and increases mortality rates. Nutrition significantly influences the physical, mental, and emotional development of children.: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among five anganwadi centers in Mulug Mandal, Siddipet which comes under the filed practice area of R V M Medical College. The study focused on children under five years of age who attended the Anganwadi centers during September 2023 to November 2023.: Out of 100 participants majority children had normal weight(63%), followed by underweight(18%), above normal(15%) and lowest proportion of color category of weight of the child is severely underweight (4%). There was a statistically significant association of weight with knowledge about growth chart among mothers.: To prevent or minimize the problem of malnutrition, various nutrition intervention programmes have been introduced, from time to time, in India.

Nutritional Assessment of Children with Chronic Liver Diseases: The role of Anthropometry and Bioelectrical Impedance.

Nutritional Assessment of Children with Chronic Liver Diseases: The role of Anthropometry and Bioelectrical Impedance.

Maternal diet quality and associations with body composition and diet quality of preschool children: A longitudinal study.

Nutrition, associated with nutritional status, influences the growth of children. This study aimed to identify the association between maternal diet quality and the diet and body composition of their children. This is a prospective longitudinal study with mother-child pairs. To assess diet quality, nutritional status, and socioeconomic data, two interviews in the children's first and third months of life (2011-2016) and one interview when children were of preschool age (2017-2019) were performed. Diet quality was assessed based on daily food consumption and frequency, considering: 1) food groups, based on the Brazilian food pyramid; 2) level of processing, according to the NOVA classification (unprocessed and/or minimally processed foods, processed foods and ultra-processed foods). One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests were used to evaluate the influence of factors on children's diet quality. Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between maternal and children's diet quality, maternal schooling level, and child age. Along with the nutritional assessment of children, multiple linear regression models assessed the impact of covariables on maternal and children's diet quality. Eighty-three mother-child pairs participated in this study. The more frequent the maternal consumption of unprocessed and/or minimally processed foods, the higher the consumption of these foods by children (r = +0.30; p = 0.006) and the lower their subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness (p = 0.011; β = -0.278). On the other hand, the higher the maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods, the higher the children's tricipital skinfold (TSF) thickness (p = 0.010; β = +0.274) and SSF (p = 0.043; β = +0.222). Maternal diet quality was associated with the diet and body composition of children.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Nutritional Assessment in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Malnutrition and growth failure are major problems among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). No single metric can describe their nutritional status; therefore, a series of indices and methods are required for evaluation.&#x0D; Aim of the Work: Evaluation of the nutritional status of children with CKD using dietetic history, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and BIA.&#x0D; Methods: This case-control study was conducted on forty CKD children (stages 3-5) from those attending Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals between March 2021 and February 2022 in comparison to forty healthy control children. All were subjected to: dietetic history, anthropometric measurements including (weight, height, body mass index, mid-arm circumference, skin fold thickness), BIA using TANITA Body Composition Analyzer MC-980 MA-N plus III device and laboratory investigations: (CBC, urea, creatinine, ABG, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone hormone, serum proteins, albumin and 24hrs urinary proteins).&#x0D; Results: CKD children had significantly lower caloric intake and other nutrient consumption including protein, carbohydrate and fat intake (p &lt; 0.05), significantly lower anthropometric measurements including weight, height, body mass index, skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference than controls (p &lt; 0.05) and significantly lower in BIA measurements including fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW) and bone mass (BM) than controls. There was significant positive correlation between caloric intake and protein intake with FFM, MM, SMM, BM, TBW and BMR, also there was significant positive correlation between serum albumin and FFM, MM, SMM, BM and TBW in CKD patients.&#x0D; Conclusions: CKD children had low caloric and protein intake, low body composition parameters, so good nutritional assessment and improvement of their nutritional status is very important. BIA could be used with dietary assessment and anthropometric measurements to achieve more accurate nutritional evaluation in CKD children.

Utility of muscle ultrasound in nutritional assessment of children with nephrotic syndrome

BackgroundNutritional status assessment in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is critical for identifying patients who are at risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and for determining their nutritional needs and monitoring nutritional intervention outcomes.MethodsIn a case–control study, we enrolled 40 children (age range: 2–16 years) with NS and 40 apparently healthy children (age and sex-matched) as a control group. Anthropometric data, as well as demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, were collected. A dietary intake assessment using a 3-day food intake record was done, and the quadriceps rectus femoris thickness (QRFT) and quadriceps vastus intermedius thickness (QVIT) were assessed using B-mode ultrasound and compared between both groups.ResultsChildren with NS had lower QRFT and QVIT measurements than control groups (p < 0.001). Inadequacy in protein intake occurred in 62.5% and 27.5% of the NS and control groups, respectively (p = 0.002). The thickness of the rectus and vastus muscles by ultrasound was significantly associated with the percentage of protein intake (p < 0.001). The ROC curve revealed that the best cutoff value of QRFT for the prediction of the patient at risk of malnutrition was ≤ 1.195 with an area under curve of 0.907, with p < 0.001.ConclusionIn children with NS, skeletal muscle ultrasound is a simple and easy-to-use bedside technique for the identification of patients at risk of malnutrition.Graphical abstractA higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information

Weight excess association with severity in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review.

Background & aimsConcomitantly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in the child population there was already another pandemic wave in progress: childhood obesity. Numerous studies in adults have been carried out and describe obesity as an independent risk and prognostic factor for the severity of COVID-19. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the relation between weight excess and the severity of COVID-19 in children and adolescents.MethodsThis systematic review was developed following the PRISMA standards (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). The literature search was performed in September 2020, in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)), Web of Science, BVS/LILACS and SciELO. Registration on the PROSPERO platform (International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews) can be found under the registration number: CRD42021230686.ResultsOf the 667 selected articles, 11 were included according to all agreed criteria, most of them being unicentric and American. In assessing the risk of bias and quality, following the criteria of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, eight studies achieved scores higher than 7. Only 5 studies sought to assess obesity and its relation with worse outcomes (such as need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), mechanical ventilation (MV), tracheostomy, hospital readmission and mortality), and out of these, only one article demonstrated this comorbidity as a prognostic factor for worse evolution of the COVID picture.ConclusionsFew studies in the literature seek to assess excess weight and its relation with worse outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Taking into account that there is already scientific evidence on this subject in adult patients, it is necessary to carry out more research in the pediatric age group.

Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment [SGNA] in Children on Chronic Dialysis- A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction:Nutritional assessment in children undergoing chronic dialysis is challenging as no single objective reference tool is available. There is a need to explore the application of the subjective global nutritional assessment (SGNA) tool in these children. This study assessed the nutritional status of children on chronic dialysis using SGNA, evaluated the utility of SGNA parameters in the longitudinal assessment of nutrition, and compared the SGNA tool with other nutritional measures.Methods:Children 2-18 years of age on chronic dialysis for at least 1 month were prospectively studied over a period of 18 months with two follow-up visits at least 3 months apart. Malnutrition was diagnosed by SGNA (well-nourished, moderately, and severely malnourished), mid-arm circumference <5th centile for age and gender, and serum albumin <3.8 g/l at baseline and follow-up.Results:In 41 children on dialysis (age: 124.8 ± 32 months), 73% had moderate or severe malnutrition by SGNA. Height for age (P = 0.008), weight for height (P = 0.004), dietary intake (P = 0.025) functional capacity (P = 0.001), loss of subcutaneous fat (P < 0.001), and muscle wasting (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the presence and severity of malnutrition. SGNA showed a poor agreement with MUAC and serum albumin. On follow-up, there was no significant change in the category of nutritional status (P = 0.63) and no individual SGNA parameter was associated with the presence or severity of malnutrition.Conclusion:Two-thirds of the children on chronic dialysis were diagnosed with moderate to severe malnutrition by SGNA, while the majority remained in the same category of nutritional status on follow-up. Only half of the parameters used for assessment were strongly associated with the presence and severity of malnutrition. SGNA showed a poor agreement with objective nutritional measures and was not responsive in identifying a change in the nutritional status on follow-up.

Accuracy of international growth charts to assess nutritional status in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Objective:To verify, through a systematic review, the accuracy of nutritional assessment in children and adolescents using the length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age growth charts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2000), the World Health Organization (WHO) (2006/2007) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) (2012).Data source:We selected articles from the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), through PubMed, National Library of Medicine and The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL). The following descriptors were used for the search: “Child”, “Adolescent”, “Nutritional Assessment”, “Growth Chart”, “Ethnic Groups”, “Stature by age”, “Body Mass Index”, “Comparison”, “CDC”, “WHO”, and “IOTF”. The selected articles were assessed for quality through the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the NIH.Data synthesis:Thirty-three studies published between 2007 and 2020 were selected and, of these, 20 presented good quality, 12 presented fair quality and one presented poor quality. For children under five years old, the WHO length/height-for-age growth charts were shown appropriate for children from Argentina, South Africa, Brazil, Gabon, Qatar, Pakistan and the United States. For those five years old and older, the WHO BMI-for-age growth charts were accurate for the Brazilian and Canadian populations, while the IOTF growth charts were accurate for the European populations.Conclusions:There are difficulties in obtaining international growth charts for children from 5 years old and older that go along with a long period of growth, and which include genetic, cultural and socioeconomic differences of multiethnic populations who have already overcome the secular trend in height.

Nutritional assessment of children (6 year to 12 year) of migrants from Barpeta District, Assam Inhabiting Balu Adda Malin Basti, Lucknow

Nutritional assessment of children (6 year to 12 year) of migrants from Barpeta District, Assam Inhabiting Balu Adda Malin Basti, Lucknow

Application and Nursing Guidance of Nutritional Assessment in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Application and Nursing Guidance of Nutritional Assessment in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Nutritional assessment of children suffering from Autism

Nutritional assessment of children suffering from Autism

Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a diagnostic method of nutritional status in children with ulcerative colitis and crohn´s disease

Rationale: In some cases, anthropometry and laboratory markers are not quite effective for nutritional assessment in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Thus, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for estimating body composition is actively introducing into clinical practice.

Nutritional Assessment in Children with Allergy to Cow's Milk Protein

Objective: To relate the nutritional status of children allergic to cow's milk protein to the factors that interfere in the nutritional deficit. Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative approach carried out in the outpatient clinic for food allergy of a Children’s Hospital in Ceara, whose sampling is non-probabilistic sample of convenience and includes children up to 48 months of age. The variables of interest were: sex, age, age at diagnosis, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, use of infant formula, weight and stature. The data collection was carried out from March to June 2015 through anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis related and associated all the variables, obtaining as a result significant p<0.05. Results: The study included 342 children with a mean age of 7.50 months (± 6.51), being 53.50% boys and 46.50% girls. The average weight of the population was 8.03 kg (± 3.85), height was 67.68 cm (± 9.66) and BMI was 17.22 Kg/m2 (± 8.87). The average time for diagnosis of allergy to cow's milk protein was 8.98 months (± 7.90) and the average time of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.58 months (± 2.16). Conclusions: It was found that there was adequacy of weight and height in most children. However, some factors may have positively influenced the results as: age at which the allergy was diagnosed, age at which there was introduction of formulas, duration of breastfeeding and participation in the program of cow's milk protein allergy.

62 Nutritional assessment of children in Hartley Bay (Gitga’at), BC

Abstract Background Hartley Bay is a small, remote Gitga’at community. As part of “Brighter Smiles”, a multidisciplinary child health partnership between the Gitga’at Nation and BC Children’s Hospital, the community requested a quality assurance project to describe the nutritional status of its children and assess the impact of the existing school based nutrition program. Objectives The community wished to explore ways in which the existing nutrition program could be optimized to further meet the nutritional needs of its children in terms of macronutrient, micronutrient and meal content and to explore food beliefs and values. Design/Methods Gitga’at health leadership guided the design of the study and community approval was sought at an early stage. All Hartley Bay families with children aged 5-18 were invited to participate. With the support of the teachers, a 24-hour dietary recall survey was completed online during school time using the WEB-Q software program. Nutritional information was then analyzed and compared. Anthropometric data (heights, weights, BMI and blood pressures) were collected during routine clinic visits in September 2018, compared with population based norms and analyzed. Results Anthropometric data was collected for 23/30 school aged children. In terms of anthropometrics, 45.5% of girls and 16.7% of boys had a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range (3rd-85th percentile). Results showed 18.2% girls and 25% of boys had a BMI in the overweight range (85th – 97th percentile), while 36.4% of girls and 58.3% of boys respectively were in the obese or severely obese range. Blood pressures demonstrated that 75% of females and 62.5% of males were normotensive (systolic BC &amp;lt;87%ile). There are many accomplishments of the community highlighted in this study including attitudes towards traditional foods and harvesting, openness to try new foods and spending meal time with family. Four in 18 students were meeting the recommended 5 servings of vegetables/fruits per day. The average intake of sodium for 9-13 year olds was 3g/day (recommended upper limit is 2.2g/day). For 14-18 year olds the average sodium intake was 4.6g/day (recommended upper limit is 2.3g/day). One in 18 students met adequate intake for calcium, 2/18 for fibre and 13/18 for vitamin D. The majority of children in this community are obtaining the recommended percentage energy from fats, carbohydrates and protein. Conclusion A significant proportion of Hartley Bay children had anthropometric measurements suggesting they were at risk for long term negative health outcomes. The study also indicated areas to improve, with suboptimal micronutrient intake. Successes of the community were also highlighted. The data was presented to Hartley Bay health staff, Elders and community members so that it can be used collaboratively by the health staff and community leadership to work on community-designed programs for health promotion.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ITS DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMOPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ATTENDING THE OUTPATIENT CLINIC, SMOUHA ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, representing 75%–80% of acute leukemias among children. ALL children are at increased risk for malnutrition mostly due to the treatment related adverse events. This fact is often ignored during their management. Malnutrition may vacillate between weight loss and excessive weight gain. The goal of nutritional assessment in children with cancer is to assess the nutritional needs, to provide the optimal nutrition, to prevent or treat nutritional disorders and the increased morbidity and mortality that accompany them. Nutrition is a supportive care modality that can improve tolerance to chemotherapy, survival, increased quality of life, and decreased risk of infection in children undergoing anticancer therapy.Aim of the work Assessment of nutritional status of children with ALL attending the Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit (PHOU), Smouha Hospital for Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, to give a basis for providing patients with nutritional intervention .

Nutritional status of a population with moderate-severe cerebral palsy: Beyond the weight

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor disability in the paediatric age. The aim of this article is the study of the nutritional status of patients with CP followed-up in a reference hospital, as well as the relationship between neurological and nutritional state. Material and methodsA cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study was conducted on a sample consisting of 4–15 year old patients with CP with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) grades III–IV–V, from a specialised paediatric hospital reference area. An interview (collection of general data, medications and nutritional habits), anthropometric study and bioimpedance (BIA) measurements were carried out. ResultsThe study included 69 patients (recruitment 84.15%), with a mean age of 10.46±0.43 years, and 50.7% females. The distribution according to GMFCS scale was: grade III (36.2%), grade IV (29%), and grade V (34.8%). According to weight for height: moderate malnutrition 21.8% (grade V: 33.3%), severe malnutrition 5.8% (grade V: 12.6%), overweight/obesity 23.2% (grade III: 24%, grade IV: 35%). Adequate level of lean mass for height: grade III (36%), grade IV (55%), and grade V (16.7%). Fat excess: grade III (36%), grade IV (40%), and grade V (29.2%). Fat mass comparison: BIA 6.89±0.64kg versus anthropometry 5.56±4.43kg. ConclusionsIn CP grade GMFCS V, the weight deficit associated with a decrease in lean body mass is common. Patients with CP grades GMFCS III–IV have a significant prevalence of overweight/obesity. Anthropometry is a useful tool for nutritional assessment in children with CP, although fat levels could be underestimated.

Nutritional Assessment of Children With ESRD on Dialysis

Nutritional Assessment of Children With ESRD on Dialysis

Nutritional assessment of children with non-Hodgkinundefineds lymphoma during induced chemotherapy

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) during induction chemotherapy, and to understand the incidence of malnutrition, so as to give nutrition intervention in time. Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, 257 children with NHL were selected from the Center for Hematological Oncology, Peking Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.Nutritional status and growth risk screening tools were used to assess the nutritional risk of the children, and the malnutrition was classified according to the height and body weight.The body mass, height and other anthropometric indexes, hemoglobin, prealbumin, albumin and other laboratory indexes were measured at the end of initial diagnosis and induction chemotherapy. Results There were 223 cases of moderate nutritional risk (86.8%) and 34 cases of high nutritional risk (13.2%). After treatment, the nutritional status of the children decreased: 13 cases of mild malnutrition, 1 case of moderate malnutrition, 4 cases of overweight and 3 cases of obesity before treatment; 32 cases of mild malnutrition, 9 cases of moderate malnutrition, 5 cases of severe malnutrition, 3 cases of overweight and 2 cases of obesity after treatment.Ninety-six patients received nutritional support (37.4%), including 15 cases of parenteral nutrition and 81 cases of enteral nutrition.The body weight ((29.50±15.13) kg before and after chemotherapy (27.60±14.30) kg) and body mass index ((17.2±3.28) kg/m2 before and (16.1±3.13) kg/m2 after chemotherapy) decreased significantly (t=12.404, 13.949, all P<0.01). Laboratory indicators except prealbumin were lower in hemoglobin ((109.00±15.78) g/L), albumin ((37.40±4.38) g/L), total lymphocyte ((1.58±1.26)×109/L) than before treatment (hemoglobin(117.90±21.06) g/L), (albumin (39.60±6.70) g/L), (total lymphocyte (2.98±2.87)×109/L)) (t=6.514, 4.834, 7.420, all P<0.01). Conclusion There is a high incidence of malnutrition in NHL children after initial treatment.Early screening of nutritional risk and optimizing nutritional treatment are one of the ways to improve the clinical efficacy of NHL children. Key words: Non-hodgkin′slymphoma; Nutritional assessment; Malnutrition; Pediatrics