Nutrition-related Information Research Articles

Nutrient profiling assessment of packaged snack foods with nutrition-related claims available on the Indian market.

Food packaging includes labels with specific nutrient contents to provide consumers with nutritional information. Legislative actions and consumers' growing interest in nutrition information have increased the disclosure of nutrition information. The study was planned to examine packaged snack foods carrying nutritional claims for nutrition labeling. The selected packaged chips were divided into categories based on the primary ingredients mentioned on the nutrition label, such as cereal/pseudocereal-based, millet-based, vegetable-based, and pulses/legume-based chips. Four threshold levels, such as total sugar, sodium, total fat, and saturated fat, were used for categorization. Out of a total of 23 packaged chips, the corresponding 2, 7, 8, and 13 products had a higher content of sugar, saturated fat, sodium, and total fat than the threshold levels. A significant (p ≤ 0.01) difference was observed in the values of nutrients analyzed through laboratory methods in comparison with the values given on the nutrition label in the majority of the products. The majority of the products belonged to national brands and differed from the nutrition-related information given on the product label in terms of the nutrient content claim.

Animal source food consumption and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel analysis of demographic and health survey

IntroductionChild undernutrition is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Children who eat animal-based foods have higher intakes of various nutrients that are important for optimal linear growth. However, the prevalence of animal-source food consumption was low across many countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of good consumption of animal-source foods and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsA cross-sectional pooled dataset using recent demographic and health surveys from 19 sub-Saharan African countries was employed. A total weighted sample of 65,742 children aged 6 to 23 months was included in the study. Data extracted from the recent DHS data sets were cleaned, recorded, and analyzed using STATA/SE version 14.0 statistical software. Descriptive analysis was carried out to present both individual and community-level variables using frequencies and percentages. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Finally, variables with a p-value less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, 43.1% (95% CI: 42.7–43.5%) of children aged 6 to 23 months consumed animal-source foods. Factors like maternal education [AOR = 1.36; 95% CI (1.28, 1.44)], maternal occupation [AOR = 1.24; 95% CI (1.18, 1.31)], exposure to media [AOR = 1.30; 95% CI (1.24, 1.36)], wealth index [AOR = 1.16; 95% CI (1.10, 1.23)] & [AOR = 1.28; 95% CI (1.21, 1.36)], owned a mobile telephone [AOR = 1.23; 95% CI (1.17, 1.29)], ANC visits [AOR = 1.20; 95% CI (1.15, 1.25)], place of delivery [AOR = 1.09; 95% CI (1.04, 1.14)], PNC checkup [AOR = 1.34; 95% CI (1.28, 1.39)], the current age of the child [AOR = 1.99; 95% CI (1.85, 2.14)], [AOR = 3.34; 95% CI (3.14, 3.56)], & [AOR = 4.3; 95% CI (4.10, 4.66)], birth interval [AOR = 0.92; 95% CI (0.87, 0.97)], residence [AOR = 1.43; 95% CI (1.35, 1.50)], community illiteracy [AOR = 0.91; 95% CI (0.86, 0.96)], and community poverty [AOR = 1.07; 95% CI (1.01, 1.14)] were significantly associated with consumption of animal-source foods.ConclusionLess than half of children aged 6 to 23 months consumed any type of animal-source foods in sub-Saharan African countries. Higher educational level, non-agricultural work, exposure to media, high economic status, having a mobile telephone, attending 4 + ANC visits, health facility delivery, PNC checkups, older children, a birth interval of 24 months, urban residency, community literacy, and low community poverty were determinates of good consumption of animal source foods. Women empowerment, dissemination of nutrition-related information through mass media, promotion of health facility delivery, and improving utilization of maternal health services are recommended to improve infant and child feeding practices.

Dietary perception and knowledge among cardiac patients visiting tertiary care hospital outpatient department (OPD).

To appraise the dietary perception and knowledge of cardiac patients visiting Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. A cross sectional study of 466 patients attending cardiac outdoor clinic at a tertiary care cardiac hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan were selected through convenient sampling from January to April 2021. Patients included in the study were above 18 years of age and had a cardiac disease. A structured questionnaire in English and Urdu was drafted with questions related to patient demographics, dietary perception and knowledge. Among 466 patients, 60% (n=280) were males and 40% (n=186) were females whereas 14% (n=66) of the patients were uneducated and 15% (n=68) had completed postgraduate education. In this study 23% (n=106) of the participants used internet to search nutrition related information and 72 % (n=339) of the patients consider their lifestyle to be healthy. Majority (n=261, 56%) of the patients had no idea regarding sodium consumption. 46% (n=215) of the patients had no knowledge regarding the effects of bakery items on cardiac health. Dietary Knowledge plays a predominant role in the management of cardiac disease. The study concluded that cardiac patients had inadequate knowledge regarding dietary intake in cardiac disease and has high prevalence of dietary myths and misconceptions. Strategic plan including nutritional awareness program and intensive counseling sessions should be designed to increase dietary knowledge of cardiac patients.

Which messages about healthy and sustainable eating resonate best with consumers with low socio-economic status?

Consumers with low socioeconomic status (SES) eat less healthy and sustainable diets than consumers with higher status. This is attributed, at least in part, to inequalities in health communication. An online survey with 134 socioeconomically disadvantaged consumers in Italy was conducted to test the effectiveness of tailor-made communication material (infographics) about healthy and sustainable eating (HSE). Participants were recruited at two social supermarkets by a social service organisation as well as via a crowdsourcing platform. Participants found information about HSE delivered through infographics moderately effective in increasing motivation, capability, and opportunity for HSE, and moderately useful and likely to impact their behaviour. Certain messages were more effective than others for native consumers, while migrants showed more indifferent responses to the various messages and manifested lower motivation to shift towards HSE, limited access to and seeking of nutrition-related information, and lower trust in information sources. Selecting which messages to deliver strategically, while also considering differences between segments of the target audience and their preferred sources and channels for communication, is promising; yet, structural changes related to food's affordability and availability are also needed to facilitate an effective communication.

#Fail: the quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information by influential Australian Instagram accounts

BackgroundSocial media is a popular source of information about food and nutrition. There is a high degree of inaccurate and poor-quality nutrition-related information present online. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information posted by popular Australian Instagram accounts and examine trends in quality and accuracy based on author, topic, post engagement, account verification and number of followers.MethodsA sample of posts by Australian Instagram accounts with ≥ 100,000 followers who primarily posted about nutrition was collected between September 2020 and September 2021. Posts containing nutrition-related information were evaluated to determine the quality and accuracy of the information. Quality was assessed using the Principles for Health-Related Information on Social Media tool and accuracy was assessed against information contained in the Australian Dietary Guidelines, Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition database, Nutrient Reference Values and Metafact.ResultsA total of 676 posts were evaluated for quality and 510 posts for accuracy, originating from 47 Instagram accounts. Overall, 34.8% of posts were classified as being of poor quality, 59.2% mediocre, 6.1% good and no posts were of excellent quality. A total of 44.7% of posts contained inaccuracies. Posts authored by nutritionists or dietitians were associated with higher quality scores (β, 17.8, CI 13.94–21.65; P < 0.001) and higher accuracy scores (OR 4.69, CI 1.81–12.14, P = 0.001) compared to brands and other accounts. Information about supplements was of lower accuracy (OR 0.23, CI 0.10–0.51, P < 0.001) compared to information about weight loss and other nutrition topics. Engagement tended to be higher for posts of lower quality (β -0.59, P = 0.012), as did engagement rate (β -0.57, P = 0.016). There was no relationship between followers or account verification and information quality or accuracy and no relationship between engagement and accuracy.ConclusionsNutrition-related information published by influential Australian Instagram accounts is often inaccurate and of suboptimal quality. Information about supplements and posts by brand accounts is of the lowest quality and accuracy and information posted by nutritionists and dietitians is of a higher standard. Instagram users are at risk of being misinformed when engaging with Australian Instagram content for information about nutrition.

Impact of Suaahara, an integrated nutrition programme, on maternal and child nutrition at scale in Nepal.

Suaahara was an innovative, complex, multi-sectoral, large-scale, nutrition programme in Nepal to increase exposure to nutrition-related information and services, improve nutrition-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women and mothers of infants and young children, and improve their nutrition. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Suaahara to improve nutrition and nutrition-related practices by comparing changes over 10 years between intervention and comparison districts. The samples of households at baseline in 2012 and endline in 2022 were 2040 and 2480, respectively, from 120 old wards. The impact was estimated using intent-to-treat regression models in which survey year, armand their interaction were fixed effects, accounting for district clustering, with the interaction estimating differences between arms in changes over time. The intervention, relative to comparison, reduced maternal underweight by 8.43 percentage points (p < 0.001), consistent with improved maternal and fetal condition that was manifested as the greater length of 0.761 z-scores (p = 0.004) of infants 0-5.9 months. Complementary feeding practices with children between 6 and 23.9 months of age improved more in the intervention than comparison districts: child dietary diversity by 0.294 food groups (p = 0.072) and minimum dietary diversity by 9.51 percentage points (p = 0.028), feeding sick child more (p = 0.002) and administering oral rehydration solution and zinc for diarrhoea (p = 0.057) by about 17 percentage points each, and minimum meal frequency (p = 0.004) and minimum acceptable diet (p = 0.022) by about 15 percentage points each. Substantial impacts were demonstrated despite political restructuring, earthquakes, and other major challenges that Nepal and Suaahara faced and limitations in statistical power because of the reduced number of districts that then could be included in the study. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT05448287.

Unhealthy food consumption and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the demographic and health survey

BackgroundUnhealthy food consumption that begins early in life is associated with a higher risk of nutrient inadequacy and related chronic diseases later in life. Healthy eating and consumption of important nutrients help to maintain a healthy body weight and reduce the risk of developing chronic conditions. Research from sub-Saharan Africa regarding consumption of unhealthy foods remains limited, with no studies quantifying the pooled prevalence among young children. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the pooled prevalence and determinants of unhealthy food consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months.MethodsData from the most recent demographic and health surveys of five countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2015 and 2022 were used. A total weighted sample of 16,226 children aged 6 to 23 months was included in the study. Data extracted from DHS data sets were cleaned, recorded, and analyzed using STATA/SE version 14.0 statistical software. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the dependent variable. Intra-class correlation coefficient, likelihood ratio test, median odds ratio, and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Finally, variables with a p-value < 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of unhealthy food consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months was 13.41% (95% CI: 12.89-13.94%). Higher consumption of unhealthy foods was reported among mothers with low education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.30, 0.46)], unmarried women [AOR = 1.19; 95% CI (1.05, 1.34)], who had no media exposure [AOR = 0.64; 95% CI (0.56, 0.72)], delivered at home [AOR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.62, 0.87)], who hadn’t had a PNC checkup [AOR = 0.66; 95% CI (0.60, 0.73)], wealthier households [AOR = 1.20; 95% CI (1.05, 1.37)], older children (aged ≥ 9 months) [AOR = 3.88; 95% CI (3.25, 4.63)], and low community level media exposure [AOR = 1.18; 95% CI (1.04, 1.34)].ConclusionNearly one out of seven children aged 6 to 23 months consumed unhealthy foods. Maternal educational level, marital status of the mother, exposure to media, wealth index, place of delivery, PNC checkup, and the current age of the child were factors significantly associated with unhealthy food consumption. Therefore, improving women’s education, disseminating nutrition-related information through the media, providing more attention to poor and unmarried women, and strengthening health facility delivery and postnatal care services are recommended.

Food and nutrition information requirements of Australian primary school parents.

To explore what Australian primary school parents want to learn about food and nutrition to improve their children's eating behaviours, as well as the associations between parents' personal and demographic characteristics and their views regarding their food and nutrition knowledge needs. An online nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 using a mixed-methods approach. Logistic regression analysis was utilised to examine the relationship between parents' demographics, personal values and their views. Content analysis was performed using Leximancer. Australia. Seven hundred and eighty-seven parents. Fifty-one per cent wanted to learn more about food and nutrition to improve their children's healthy eating habits, and 77% of those preferred schools to provide that information. Online/printed newsletters and YouTube were the most preferred methods for receiving food and nutrition related information. Higher universalism-concern value (concern for the welfare of those in the larger society and world) scores were positively associated parents' preference for schools to provide food and nutrition-related information. Parents with non-English-speaking backgrounds and younger parents were more likely to want to learn about food and nutrition. Parents wanted to learn more about encouraging healthy eating, ideas for the lunchbox, food labels and age-specific portion sizes and recommendations. Findings can inform public health educators and assist them in designing future food and nutrition education programmes and resources targeting primary school parents.

Web-Based Content on Diet and Nutrition Written in Japanese: Infodemiology Study Based on Google Trends and Google Search.

The increased availability of content of uncertain integrity obtained through the internet is a major concern. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive scrutiny of the fitness-for-purpose of web-based content on diet and nutrition. This cross-sectional study aims to describe diet- and nutrition-related web-based content written in Japanese, identified via a systematic extraction strategy using Google Trends and Google Search. We first identified keywords relevant for extracting web-based content (eg, blogs) on diet and nutrition written in Japanese using Google Trends. This process included identification of 638 seed terms, identification of approximately 1500 pairs of related queries (top) and search terms, the top 10% of which were extracted to identify 160 relevant pairs of related queries (top) and search terms, and identification of 107 keywords for search. We then extracted relevant web-based content using Google Search. The content (N=1703) examined here was extracted following a search based on 107 keywords. The most common themes included food and beverages (390/1703, 22.9%), weight management (366/1703, 21.49%), health benefits (261/1703, 15.33%), and healthy eating (235/1703, 13.8%). The main disseminators were information technology companies and mass media (474/1703, 27.83%), food manufacturers (246/1703, 14.45%), other (236/1703, 13.86%), and medical institutions (214/1703, 12.57%). Less than half of the content (790/1703, 46.39%) clearly indicated the involvement of editors or writers. More than half of the content (983/1703, 57.72%) was accompanied by one or more types of advertisement. The proportion of content with any type of citation reference was 40.05% (682/1703). The themes and disseminators of content were significantly associated with the involvement of editors or writers, accompaniment with advertisement, and citation of reference. In particular, content focusing on weight management was more likely to clearly indicate the involvement of editors or writers (212/366, 57.9%) and to be accompanied by advertisement (273/366, 74.6%), but less likely to have references cited (128/366, 35%). Content from medical institutions was less likely to have citation references (62/214, 29%). This study highlights concerns regarding the authorship, conflicts of interest (advertising), and the scientific credibility of web-based diet- and nutrition-related information written in Japanese. Nutrition professionals and experts should take these findings seriously because exposure to nutritional information that lacks context or seems contradictory can lead to confusion and backlash among consumers. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions about the accuracy and quality of web-based diet- and nutrition-related content and whether similar results can be obtained in other major mass media or social media outlets and even other languages.

Using a Responsive Feedback Approach to Develop and Pilot a Counseling Chatbot to Strengthen Child Nutrition in Rural India.

Nearly half of all deaths in children in India aged younger than 5 years are attributable to undernutrition. Reinforcing the caregiver's positive behaviors through multiple channels can lead to improved child nutrition outcomes. We describe the development and piloting of a chatbot to improve nutrition outcomes for children aged 0-12 months. We engaged key stakeholders to understand existing interventions to improve nutrition outcomes and developed a theory of change that included an intervention that provides nutrition-related information directly to beneficiaries. A chatbot, Poshan Didi, was developed to provide individual counseling to mothers with children aged 0-12 months on age-appropriate, nutrition-related topics. The chatbot was piloted in Katni district from February 2019 to October 2019 in 2 phases to investigate the acceptability and feasibility of the chatbot (Phase 1, n=10 mothers) and to assess whether users would continue to be engaged and would engage with both the automated content as well as through free form questions (Phase 2, n=100 mothers). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in focus group discussions with health care workers and mothers (n=4) and interviews with mothers (n=26). Mothers viewed the chatbot as being a private channel to discuss topics and referred to Poshan Didi's persona as being knowledgeable. Eighty percent of users replied at least once to a chatbot-generated message. Sixty-four percent engaged beyond the standard chatbot content by discussing at least 1 issue with a nurse who responded to escalated messages. This work demonstrates how chatbots could create multiple interaction touchpoints between caregivers and health care workers to increase caregivers' access to age-appropriate nutrition counseling and information. The study shows the value of using the responsive feedback approach in the chatbot design and implementation to improve the efficacy of the digital tool.

The Elderly Knowledge Improvement of Balanced Nutrition in Patangpuluhan, Yogyakarta

Background Elderly is a vulnerable group to body function impairment and diseases. Although these conditions are considered a normal result of the aging process, the elderly's health level should be maintained. The application of balanced diet principles is one of the ways to reduce the risk and improves the health quality of the elderly. In this regard, the education program about balanced diet principles to enhance the group's knowledge is essential to support a healthier lifestyle for the elderly.Objective. This education program aimed to improve the elderly group's knowledge in this area of balanced nutrition to maintain the elderly health state. Results. There were 30 participants, with majority of the participants was women (90%). The results of pre and post-test show that there was 17 points increment in participants' knowledge (21%) compared to the pre-test score. Question topics that got the two highest score improvements were the duration of psychical activity and the purine-contains food groups (21,7 points). Conclusion This education program could raise elderly knowledge of balanced nutrition and this kind of program is recommended to be applied on a regular basis based on the elderly need for health and nutrition-related information. The male elderly also has to be encouraged to actively involves in the community-based education to improve their knowledge of elderly health.

Investigating the Role of Nutrition in Enhancing Immunity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Text-Mining Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the spotlight the critical role played by a balanced and healthy diet in bolstering the human immune system. There is burgeoning interest in nutrition-related information on social media platforms like Twitter. There is a critical need to assess and understand public opinion, attitudes, and sentiments toward nutrition-related information shared on Twitter. This study uses text mining to analyze nutrition-related messages on Twitter to identify and analyze how the general public perceives various food groups and diets for improving immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We gathered 71,178 nutrition-related tweets that were posted between January 01, 2020, and September 30, 2020. The Correlated Explanation text mining algorithm was used to identify frequently discussed topics that users mentioned as contributing to immunity building against SARS-CoV-2. We assessed the relative importance of these topics and performed a sentiment analysis. We also qualitatively examined the tweets to gain a closer understanding of nutrition-related topics and food groups. Text-mining yielded 10 topics that users discussed frequently on Twitter, viz proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy-related, spices and herbs, fluids, supplements, avoidable foods, and specialty diets. Supplements were the most frequently discussed topic (23,913/71,178, 33.6%) with a higher proportion (20,935/23,913, 87.75%) exhibiting a positive sentiment with a score of 0.41. Consuming fluids (17,685/71,178, 24.85%) and fruits (14,807/71,178, 20.80%) were the second and third most frequent topics with favorable, positive sentiments. Spices and herbs (8719/71,178, 12.25%) and avoidable foods (8619/71,178, 12.11%) were also frequently discussed. Negative sentiments were observed for a higher proportion of avoidable foods (7627/8619, 84.31%) with a sentiment score of -0.39. This study identified 10 important food groups and associated sentiments that users discussed as a means to improve immunity. Our findings can help dieticians and nutritionists to frame appropriate interventions and diet programs.

Acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information based on a health promotion model for older adults in a long-term care facility.

To explore the acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information of older adults in a long-term care facility. A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. Sixteen older adults in a long-term care facility were recruited using purposive sampling between March and May 2021. Data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews, based on open questions regarding acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information and flexible question formulation, and the data were analysed using an inductive-deductive method. A health promotion model was used as a conceptual framework to regulate the refinement of themes. Three themes were identified in this study. The first theme discussed the individual characteristics and experiences of older adults that contributed to their acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information. The second theme described behaviour-specific cognitions of and the effects on the participants regarding the influencing factors involving various internal individual elements and external physical environment. The third theme explored the positive behavioural outcomes of the participants resulting from these acquisition behaviours. Acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information of older adults in long-term care facilities were affected by both individual characteristics and external physical environment factors. Access to nutritional information can help older adults cultivate a healthy diet. Although they exhibited a significant interest in nutrition, the participants still encountered several difficulties. Based on the actual care needs of the older people, appropriate nutritional information interventions should be provided by healthcare providers working in long-term care facilities so as to improve the ability of the older people to acquire information independently. All 16 participants actively participated in the interview process and the preliminary preparation of the article.

Nutrition-Related Information on Instagram: A Content Analysis of Posts by Popular Australian Accounts.

Social media is a popular source of nutrition information and can influence food choice. Instagram is widely used in Australia, and nutrition is frequently discussed on Instagram. However, little is known about the content of nutrition information published on Instagram. The aim of this study was to examine the content of nutrition-related posts from popular Australian Instagram accounts. Australian Instagram accounts with ≥100,000 followers, that primarily posted about nutrition, were identified. All posts from included accounts, from September 2020 to September 2021, were extracted and posts about nutrition were included. Post captions were analysed using Leximancer, a content analysis software, to identify concepts and themes. Text from each theme was read to develop a description and select illustrative quotes. The final sample included 10,964 posts from 61 accounts. Five themes were identified: (1) recipes; (2) food and nutrition practices; (3) body goals; (4) food literacy and (5) cooking at home. Recipes and practical information about nutrition and food preparation are popular on Instagram. Content about weight loss and physique-related goals is also popular and nutrition-related Instagram posts frequently include marketing of supplements, food and online programs. The popularity of nutrition-related content indicates that Instagram may be a useful health-promotion setting.

Emotional eating in relation to psychological stress during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

BackgroundStress, anxiety, and depression resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic as well as subsequent restrictive measures had a negative impact on eating behaviors. This study aimed to determine the emotional eating behaviors and the perceived stress level and to assess the relation between them among adults in the faculty of medicine during the late period of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among 580 persons from the faculty of medicine, at Tanta University, Egypt conducted over a period of one month during the last period of partial lockdown (October 2020). A self-administered structured questionnaire consisted of five parts used in the study (sociodemographic factors, COVID-19-related parameters, nutrition-related information during the pandemic, emotional eating scale, and perceived stress scale).ResultsMore than two-fifths of students, employees, and staff (45.2%, 45.5%, and 44.2%, respectively) stated that their weight increased as a result of the lockdown. 50.8% of students, 42.5% of employees, and 54.6% of staff were in the moderate emotional eating groups. Similarly, the majority of students, employees, and staff reported moderate levels of stress(84%, 80.8%, and 76.1% respectively). The total emotional eating score was positively correlated with the total perceived stress scores (r = 0.13, p = 0.001*).ConclusionCOVID-19 pandemic, particularly during the period of lockdown, had a negative impact on individuals’ psychological stress levels and levels of emotional eating behaviors.

Nutrition-related information on Instagram: A content analysis of posts by popular Australian accounts

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Effects of Nutritional and Social Factors on Favorable Fetal Growth Conditions Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Poor birth outcomes such as low birth weight, low birth length and short gestational age, are public health concern issues in South Africa (SA). This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore how nutritional and social factors contribute to favorable fetal growth conditions (FFGC) in pregnant women living with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in the Free State Province of SA. Sociodemographic characteristics, stress, health and nutrition-related information, and birth outcomes data were collected and analyzed from a subsample of 305 women enrolled in a cohort study from 2018-2020. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in R version 4.1.2 and SEM was conducted in Lavaan version 0.6-5. Higher gestational body mass index (GBMI) and income levels were associated with higher FFGC (p &lt; 0.05). Household incomes were positively associated with dietary micronutrient quality (p = 0.002), GBMI (p = 0.012) and food security (p = 0.001). Low incomes (p = 0.004) and food insecurity (p &lt; 0.001) were associated with higher stress, while social support was positively associated with food security status (p = 0.008). These findings highlight the complex interconnections between the social and nutritional factors that are associated with fetal growth conditions. Multisectoral community-based programs may be a useful strategy to address these challenges.

Dietary Lifestyle of Clinical Nutrition Students Compared with That of Age-Matched Non-Medical Students

Background: There is an assumption that clinical nutrition (CLN) students should have better nutrition and health statuses and practice healthier lifestyles than other students. However, the effect of pursuing nutritional studies on student dietary lifestyle is not well known. Objective: To investigate differences in nutritional status between CLN-major and Administration/ Humanities-major (AHM) students as well as determine their sources of health and nutrition- related information. Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study in which CLN and AHM (mainly English and Arabic majors) students were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and a questionnaire was administered to assess their dietary lifestyle. Results: In total, 160 female students (CLN, 86; AHM, 74) participated in the study. Most students from both groups (&gt;44%) were within the normal body mass index (BMI) range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2); no CLN students had class II or III obesity. No significant difference in BMI between the two groups was observed. CLN students tended to consume breakfast and snacks more than AHM students. Daily fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly higher among CLN than AHM students. No significant difference was found in fried food or water intake between the two groups. Additionally, CLN students were more involved in high-intensity exercise than their counterparts. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that health status and dietary lifestyle among CLN students are influenced by their study major. Obesity is less prevalent, and consumption of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, is higher among CLN students. Future studies investigating the long-term effect of studying CLN on lifestyle and social relations with family and friends are warranted.

Nursing Experience of a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury Facing the First Hemodialysis

&lt;p&gt;本文描述一位因腎功能損傷伴隨致命性高血鉀風險，使其面臨初次血液透析之護理經驗，經團隊評估後，需長期血液透析的個案，其日常生活受限、家中角色改變進而產生無力感，照護期間為2020/1/16~2/2。護理過程中藉由直接照護、身體評估、主動關懷及開放性會談等方式收集資料，發現主要健康問題有：一、呼吸喘，二、透析飲食執行度不佳，三、無力感。照護期間透過圖表（卡）教導個案測量水腫情況，並透過水壺、磅秤讓個案學習飲食及水份控制技巧，與其搭配營養師衛教及食品營養成分資料庫，增加個案對飲食資訊管道，並考量個案生活習慣下建立提醒機制，如：製作小吊飾或手機鬧鈴等個別性護理措施，加上家人支持、宗教信仰成為心靈上慰藉及腎友的經驗分享，引導個案接受目前扮演的角色，與疾病共存生活。建議往後照顧類似案例能融入家屬的參與，並思考如何強化醫療成員自我主動學習心理諮商輔導課程意願，讓往後面對此案例時能有更好的因應之道。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper describes the case of a patient with worsening renal function accompanied by electrolyte disturbance who required long-term hemodialysis after assessment by a medical team. The patient felt helpless due to restrictions in daily life and changes in their family role. The care period was from January 16 to February 2, 2020. In this period, observations, direct care, physical evaluation, medical record inspection, active concern, and open interviews were used for collecting information. Major health problems found included the following: 1. shortness of breath; 2. poor execution of dialysis diet; and 3. a sense of powerlessness. During the care period, picture teach the case to measure edema, and let the case study dietary water control skills through the use of water bottles and scales, nutrition-related information websites and several types of reminder mechanisms were employed, such as using cell phone charms or mobile alarms, to help the patient understand correct information on various dietary components and accept their current family role. This was done to make living with the disease easier for the patient. We recommend the inclusion of family participation for future studies on care of patients with similar conditions. Also, we should think of devising ways for increasing medical staff&amp;rsquo;s willingness to proactively take psychological counseling courses so that they can respond better to such cases in the future.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Experiences of dietary advice and nutrition-related information: a qualitative analysis of primigravid women in England during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThere is limited research in England on the impact and experiences of dietary advice and nutrition-related information for pregnant women. However, overseas research has shown that such information can cause women to feel anxious and confused. This study aimed to analyse the impact and experience amongst primigravids in England.MethodologyThis was a qualitative study. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were carried out (videoconference and telephone). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Data quality measures were adhered to throughout the research process.ResultsFive major themes were identified: ‘physiological changes and taste preferences’, ‘the health and safety of the baby comes first’, ‘scarcity of nutrition information given’, ‘seeking nutrition information for control’ and ‘every pregnant woman is unique’. Participants put the health and safety of their baby first, and this was amplified due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a lack of information given to participants from health care professionals. Information was broadly sought out as a way of exerting control; either to feel informed, or to restrict contact with new information in order to avoid feeling overwhelmed. In both cases, participants expressed that information was abundant. Official dietary guidelines were seen as trustworthy but too generic and not applicable to them. Some participants used multiple pregnancy apps with inaccurate information.ConclusionsAs nutrition in pregnancy is important for the woman and the growing foetus, midwives are in a critical position to advise primigravids in England. Further research is needed to understand their barriers for doing so. More is needed from the National Health Service to signpost women to using evidenced-based pregnancy apps and to enable a healthy nutrition environment post-pregnancy.