Nutrition Intervention Research Research Articles

Review on Challenges of Nutrition Intervention Research at Workplace

Review on Challenges of Nutrition Intervention Research at Workplace

Ethical Issues in Nutrition Intervention Research at the Workplace: A Narrative Review

Ethical Issues in Nutrition Intervention Research at the Workplace: A Narrative Review

Informed Consent in the Workplace Nutrition Intervention Studies: A Narrative Review on Ethical Challenges

Workplace nutrition interventions are efforts to improve workers' health and well-being through education, counselling and environmental changes. Nutrition intervention studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such programs and interventions. The aim of this study was to analyse studies on the importance and best practices of informed consent in workplace nutrition intervention studies and present the results in a narrative review. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is by studying literature obtained from Google Scholar. The data collected was then analysed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that employees were fully aware of the nature of the intervention, its potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time7. This is important to respect employee autonomy and to ensure that research is conducted ethically. In conclusion, informed consent plays an important role in workplace nutrition intervention research. This not only protects the rights and welfare of employees but also contributes to the validity and ethical conduct of research.

How Can We Find Out What Indigenous Children and Their Families Need to Manage Weight? Lessons from Formative Nutrition Intervention Research with First Australians.

In Australia, Indigenous children have rates of overweight and obesity 1.5 times those of non-Indigenous children. Culturally safe and effective nutrition interventions are needed for this group. This paper aims to describe a Community-based Participatory Action Research (CPAR) approach to designing formative nutrition intervention research with First Australian children and their families and to reflect on the challenges arising from this process. After obtaining ethical approvals, a Steering Committee (SC), including nine Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experienced in delivering or receiving health care, was established as a project governance body to develop culturally safe project materials and methods. The Indigenous research method of yarning circles was chosen by the SC for the community consultation, and the First Australian SC members were trained to collect the data. They liaised with community organizations to recruit yarning circle participants. Individual interviews conducted by an Aboriginal research assistant replaced yarning circles due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. While the CPAR approach to formative research was successful, the pandemic and other factors tripled the study duration. To authentically, ethically and safely engage First Australians in research, researchers need to decolonize their methodological approach, and funding bodies need to allow adequate time and resources for the process.

Transforming Evidence Into Action: A Commentary on School-Based Physical Activity and Nutrition Intervention Research.

Transforming Evidence Into Action: A Commentary on School-Based Physical Activity and Nutrition Intervention Research.

Co-designing nutrition interventions with consumers: A scoping review.

There is little known about nutrition intervention research involving consumer co-design. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and synthesise the existing evidence on the current use and extent of consumer co-design in nutrition interventions. This scoping review is in line with the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute using an adapted 2weekSR approach. We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane. Only studies that included consumers in the co-design and met the 'Collaborate' or 'Empower' levels of the International Association of Public Participation's Public Participation Spectrum were included. Studies were synthesised according to two main concepts: (1) co-design for (2) nutrition interventions. The initial search yielded 8157 articles, of which 19 studies were included (comprising 29 articles). The studies represented a range of intervention types and participants from seven countries. Sixteen studies were published in the past 5 years. Co-design was most often used for intervention development, and only two studies reported a partnership with consumers across all stages of research. Overall, consumer involvement was not well documented. No preferred co-design framework or approach was reported across the various studies. Consumer co-design for nutrition interventions has become more frequent in recent years, but genuine partnerships with consumers across all stages of nutrition intervention research remain uncommon. There is an opportunity to improve the reporting of consumer involvement in co-design and enable equal partnerships with consumers in nutrition research.

A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences With Food-Related Activities Among People Living With Parkinson Disease and Their Care-Partners.

Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors associated with the ability of people with PD to perform food-related activities (FRAs). Methods: Eleven dyads, older adults with Parkinson disease (PD) and their care-partners (n = 22), completed virtual semi-structured interviews guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) that were independently analyzed by two coders via directed content analysis. Results: The following themes were identified-(1) Personal: perception of a healthy diet, perception of how nutrition influences PD, confidence in following a healthy diet, and barriers to performing FRA; (2) Environmental: previous sources of nutrition information and willingness to changing their diet with a registered dietitian; and (3) Behavioral: modifications to FRA due to food-medication interactions, and skills necessary to maintain a healthy diet. Discussion: Findings from this study highlight the need for nutrition intervention research to inform evidence-based guidelines in order to provide tailored education for people with PD and care-partners.

Perspective: Planning and Conducting Statistical Analyses for Human Nutrition Randomized Controlled Trials: Ensuring Data Quality and Integrity

Appropriate planning, execution, and reporting of statistical methods and results is critical for research transparency, validity, and reproducibility. This paper provides an overview of best practices for developing a statistical analysis plan a priori, conducting statistical analyses, and reporting statistical methods and results for human nutrition randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Readers are referred to the other NURISH (NUtrition inteRventIon reSearcH) publications for detailed information about the preparation and conduct of human nutrition RCTs. Collectively, the NURISH series outlines best practices for conducting human nutrition research.

Scoping review of nutrition intervention and dietary assessment studies in Khmer populations living in Cambodia.

This scoping review aims to describe the body of nutrition intervention and dietary assessment research undertaken with Khmer populations in Cambodia, as well as summarise the nutrition knowledge base and highlight priority areas for future research. Five databases and the grey literature were searched, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies involving dietary assessment or nutrition interventions published after 1992 were identified using specific search terms and extracted to a customised data extraction table for categorisation and analysis. Study participants were Khmer people of any age and gender, living in rural or urban Cambodia. Of the 100 included studies, 58 were dietary assessment only studies, 24 were nutrition interventions only, and 18 studies involved both assessment of intake and an intervention. Sixty-eight percent of study populations were mothers and young children, of which 52 studies focused on children aged under 5 years. Nineteen interventions involved supplementation and six trialled fortification of rice or fish sauce. Anaemia was the most common nutrition condition studied (n = 17), followed by malnutrition (n = 15) and malnutrition risk factors (n = 11). General nutrition status was explored in 25 studies, and individual micronutrients that were studied included iron (n = 27), zinc (n = 6), vitamin A (n = 4) and thiamine (n = 3). Diet-related research in Khmer populations in Cambodia has predominantly focused on dietary assessment or evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing malnutrition and resolving micronutrient deficiencies. Areas identified as emerging needs included non-communicable diseases, the ageing population and non-iron deficiency anaemia.

An Overview of Research Opportunities to Increase the Impact of Nutrition Intervention Research in Early Childhood and Education Care Settings According to the RE-AIM Framework.

Objective: To highlight opportunities for future nutrition intervention research within early childhood and education care (ECEC) settings, with a focus on generating evidence that has applicability to real-world policy and practice. Methods: An overview of opportunities to progress the field was developed by the authors using a collaborative writing approach and informed by recent research in the field. The group developed a list of recommendations aligned with the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Pairs of authors drafted individual sections of the manuscript, which were then reviewed by a separate pair. The first and senior author consolidated all sections of the manuscript and sought critical input on the draft iterations of the manuscript. Results: Interventions that employ digital platforms (reach) in ECEC settings, as well as research in the family day care setting (effectiveness) were identified as areas of opportunities. Research understanding the determinants of and effective strategies for dissemination (adoption), the implementation of nutrition programs, in addition to de-implementation (implementation) of inappropriate nutrition practices, is warranted. For maintenance, there is a need to better understand sustainability and the sustainment of interventions, in addition to undertaking policy-relevant research. Conclusions: The ECEC setting is prime for innovative and practical nutrition intervention research.

The Role of Nutrition and Inflammation on Cognition in a High-Risk Group for Alzheimer's Disease.

Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Treatments are necessary to target people at high risk for AD. Inflammation, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), appears to be an important marker associated with the development of AD pathophysiology. Consuming a high-fat diet induces tissue expression of TNFα.Objective:This study investigates the relationship between nutrition, circulating inflammation, and cognition in African American women (age: M = 59.5 (±8.20) [42–73] years) at risk for developing AD.Methods:Participants were split into high-fat and low-fat groups based on total dietary fat consumption self-reported on the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire (Delta NIRI FFQ).Results:A high-fat diet was associated with increased blood serum TNFα (p = 0.02) compared to the low-fat diet. In addition, global cognition scores were 9.0% better in those who consumed a higher fat diet (p = 0.04). No significant differences across groups were noted for executive function, dual-tasking, and visuospatial performance.Conclusion:These results indicate that there may be multiple biological pathways involved in AD development, suggesting the need for more holistic approaches to mitigate AD-development risk.

Nutrition interventions in populations with mental health conditions: a scoping review.

Nutrition is a modifiable factor for intervention in mental disorders. This scoping review characterized nutrition intervention research in mental disorders. A 3-category framework characterized nutrition interventions: Guide (e.g., counselling), Provide (e.g., food provisions), and Add (e.g., supplementation). Nutrition interventions were classified as single-component (e.g., Guide) or complex (e.g., Guide-Provide). Sixty-nine trials met inclusion criteria, 96% were randomized controlled trials. Most commonly diagnosed mental disorders were depressive disorder (i.e., persistent) or major depressive disorder (n = 39), schizophrenia (n = 17), and other psychotic disorders (n = 13). Few trials included patients with anxiety disorders (n = 2) or bipolar disorders (n = 3). Several trials (n = 15, 22%) assessed and implemented nutrition interventions to improve dietary patterns, of which 11 (73%) reported statistically significant and clinically important positive effects of nutrition interventions on mental disorders. The majority of the trials (n = 61, 90%) investigated supplementation, most commonly adding essential fatty acids, vitamins, or minerals. The majority (n = 48, 70%) reported either statistically significant or clinically important effect and 31 (51%) reported both. Though most interventions led to statistically significant improvements, trials were heterogeneous for targeted mental disorders, nutrition interventions, and outcomes assessed. Given considerable heterogeneity, further research from robust and clinically relevant trials is required to support high-quality health care with effective nutrition interventions. Novelty Future research on whole-diet interventions powered to detect changes in mental health outcomes as primary objectives is needed. Dietitians may be an opportunity to improve feasibility and efficacy of nutrition interventions for mental disorder patients. Dietitians may be of value to educate mental health practitioners on the importance of nutrition.

P181 Nutrition is Still Recurrently Disregarded as a Constituent of HIV/AIDS Management

Background The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa is still a major concern to the global community of public health professionals. Previous focus has been primarily on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and adherence, neglecting other key components of survival needed by people living with HIV (PLWHA). Research evidence has shown that HAART without nutrition education interventions cannot solely reduce HIV related morbidity and mortality rates. Objective The objective of this review is to provide insights on the role of nutrition as parts of key component in HIV and AIDS disease management. Study Design, Settings, and Participants Critical appraisal approach was used to identify review of previous nutrition intervention research for PLWHA published between January 2008 and December 31, 2018. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The articles were identified through PubMed, EBSCOhost platform (CINAHL, Medline, and Nursing Academic Edition), Cochrane Library and Google scholar as well as by perusing the reference list of selected articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set within the scope of this review. Results The results of this review showed that there is lack of information on the relationship between HIV, HIV risk factors and nutrition and the role of nutrition in HIV management. This review also established that, there is an urgent need to provide scientific information on the current state of HIV and nutrition research. Some of the realistic approaches to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS such as optimization of nutritional status of the PLWHA and regular physical activities were revealed. The needs for PLWHA to consume a varied diet in order to prevent opportunistic infections and nutrition deficiencies were also identified. Conclusion The review confirmed needs for further research on the development, implementation and evaluation of programme activities related to nutrition, quality of life (QoL) and physical activities of PLWHA. Funding National Research Foundation.

Single-Meal Nutrient Assessment by a Self-Administered, Electronic Exit Survey Compared with a Multipass Dietary Interview in University Undergraduates in an All-You-Care-to-Eat Campus Dining Hall

BackgroundAssessing nutritional intake in all-you-care-to-eat dining facilities poses unique challenges. New methods that streamline accurate data collection would facilitate better nutrition intervention research in this dining hall environment, which is common on university campuses. ObjectiveTo compare nutrient and food group intake data of university undergraduate students from a single visit to an all-you-care-to-eat campus dining hall, collected by two methods: multiple-pass dietary recall interview and self-administered, electronic survey. Participants/settingUndergraduate students (n=42) ages 18 and older were recruited as they exited the dining hall during lunch service hours during 1 week. DesignUsing a cross-sectional design, participants completed two dietary assessment methods in random order: an electronic tablet-based exit survey listing the available menu items at that service with drop-down menus to report portion size consumed and a multiple-pass structured dietary interview by a single, trained interviewer. Statistical analyses performedAgreement of nutrients and food groups between the two methods was assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlations and paired t tests. Significance was set at P<0.05. ResultsRespondents were primarily underclassmen and women who lived on campus, with 16 of 42 students identifying as white. Students reported an average of 1.1 additional food items via the diet interview method compared with the survey. Average kilocalorie intake by the interview and survey methods was 837±561 and 860±586, respectively. Mean intake of all measured nutrients and all food groups except total and lean protein was not significantly different across the two methods. Spearman correlations between method results ranged across nutrients from r=0.541 to r=0.998 and across food groups from r=0.507 to r=0.948; all were significant at P<0.001. However, mean differences between methods exhibited notable variation. ConclusionsThe electronic survey method performs similar to a multiple-pass dietary interview in assessing mean nutrient intake of ethnically diverse university undergraduates in a single eating occasion at an all-you-care-to-eat dining hall, but the survey may not be as efficient at capturing the total number of food items consumed.

Effect of nutrition interventions on diet-related and health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review

ObjectiveTo review the literature on nutrition interventions and identify which work to improve diet-related and health outcomes in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Study designSystematic review of peer-reviewed literature.Data...

부산지역 중소병원 임상영양사의 직무 중요성 인식도, 수행도 및 난이도 조사

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty between clinical dietitians working at small and medium hospitals in Busan. The survey was conducted from July 15 to August 31, 2014, and data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The mean scores for perception of job importance, job performance, and job difficulty of clinical dietitian’s task elements were 3.88, 2.87, and 3.18 out of 5.0, respectively. Perception of job importance had a positive relationship with job performance. However, job performance showed a negative relationship with job difficulty. There were strong positive rela-tionships among nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring & evalua-tion, nutrition research in perception of job importance (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Nutrition assessment, nutrition diag-nosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition research showed positive relationships with job performance (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). There was also a positive relationship among clinical dietitian’s task with job difficulty (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). These results suggest that it would be effective to adopt training programs for appropriate nutrition service and to provide continuous education programs for professional development.Key words : clinical dietitian, job importance, job performance, job difficulty, job description

Mississippi Communities for Healthy Living: Implementing a nutrition intervention effectiveness study in a rural health disparate region

BackgroundIntervention research in rural, health disparate communities presents unique challenges for study design, implementation, and evaluation. Challenges include 1) culturally appropriate intervention components, 2) participant recruitment and retention, 3) treatment cross-contamination, 4) intervention delivery and data collection, and 5) potential measurement reactivity. PurposeThe purposes of this paper are to 1) detail the methods of the MCHL study and 2) report baseline demographic characteristics of study participants. The secondary aim is to determine if study participants were engaging in behavior changes after enrollment and prior to intervention initiation. MethodsMCHL was developed using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance). Intervention components were based on Roger's diffusion of innovation attributes that promote adoption of a new innovation as well as on the psychosocial constructs of social support, self-efficacy and decisional balance. Rolling enrollment data collection was used to acquire sufficient sample size and a second data collection just prior to intervention implementation assessed measurement reactivity effects. Participant outcomes included diet quality, blood pressure, weight status, and quality of life. Cluster stratified assignment to one of two treatment arms was utilized to minimize cross contamination. Generalized linear models were used to compare enrollment measures between the two treatment arms while mixed model linear regression was used to test for changes in diet quality outcomes from enrollment to pre-intervention baseline. ResultsThere were no significant differences in participant demographic, anthropometric or clinical measures between the two treatment arms at enrollment. With the exception of total vegetables, none of the diet quality indicators were significantly different between enrollment and baseline timepoints. ConclusionsConducting nutrition intervention research in a rural health disparate region requires flexibility in adapting the recruitment, retention, and data collection procedures while maintaining a high level of scientific rigor. Negligible research participation effects, such as measurement reactivity, were noted in this population. However, further research is needed to identify methods to successfully recruit and retain Caucasian females to participate in community-based nutrition interventions in this region.

Understanding the Context for Agriculture for Nutrition Research: Identifying Country Typologies of Child-Stunting Determinants

We use data from 52 countries on child stunting, poverty, determinants of food security, environmental health, and quality of maternal and child care to carry out a cluster analysis of country typologies. The purpose is to identify where agriculture-led interventions might address binding constraints to progress in improving nutrition outcomes and to identify how existing research on the links between agriculture and nutrition in particular country contexts may or may not be representative. We find that countries with average to poor nutrition outcomes within this sample set fall into groups where one supporting area tends to lag, such as environmental health or food security. Although integrated programs to address all aspects that support nutrition are needed in most of these 52 countries, we identify a group of 11 countries where interventions to improve diet diversity may be most relevant toward progress in alleviating child malnutrition. Agriculture for Nutrition and Health intervention research is underway in 6 of these 11 countries.

Capacity Building for Health Through Community-Based Participatory Nutrition Intervention Research in Rural Communities

Since its inception, capacity building has been a stated goal of the Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative, a tri-state collaboration in the Lower Mississippi Delta to address high rates of chronic disease. Textual analysis of project documents identifies and describes strategies carried out to foster capacity building. Strategies to build community capacity include fostering participation, cultivating leadership opportunities, training community members as co-researchers, securing community resources, and implementing the intervention together. Incorporating capacity-building approaches in health promotion and nutrition-intervention programming in rural communities provides a means to enhance potential for sustainability of health outcomes and developed effectiveness.

Perceptions of Community-Based Participatory Research in the Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative

Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI) is an academic-community partnership between seven academic institutions and three communities in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. A range of community-based participatory methods have been used to develop sustainable nutrition intervention strategies. Focus groups were conducted with 22 faculty and staff members from the academic partners on the project to document their perceptions of community-based participatory processes in a federally funded, multi-academic-community partnership spanning a decade. Focus groups were conducted to glean insights or lessons from the experiences of academic personnel. Focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Two researchers analyzed each transcript independently and reached consensus on the consistent themes. Participants candidly shared their experiences of working with community members to devise research plans, implement programs, and evaluate outcomes. The majority of faculty and staff members were attracted to this project by an excitement for conducting a more egalitarian and potentially more successful type of research. Yet each academic partner voiced that there was an underlying disconnect between community practices and research procedures during the project. Additional barriers to collaboration and action, located in communities and academic institutions, were described. Academic partners stressed the importance of open and ongoing communication, collective decision-making strategies, and techniques that support power sharing between all parties involved in the project. Findings from this research can inform academic-community partnerships and hopefully improve the community-based participatory research process implemented by academic institutions and communities.