Nutrient Mixture Research Articles

Features of nutrition and care of patients with jejunostomy

Introduction. A common type of palliative intervention is the imposition of nutritional fistulas for enteral nutrition in dysphagia. The operation of choice is gastrostomy, in which the gastric stage of digestion is preserved. This is more physiological and reduces the risk of developing dumping syndrome and metabolic disorders that can develop with the introduction of nutrition into the jejunum directly. Ejunostomy is applied when gastrostomy is technically impossible due to damage to the stomach, or as a stage in another operation. The infrequent use of jejunostomy leads to a lack of awareness among medical professionals about the specifics of care and nutrition through jejunostomy, which differ significantly from the standard recommendations for gastrostomy. The aim is to study. Offer advice on care and nutrition through the jejunostomy. Materials and Methods. The recommendations are based on literature data and the clinical experience of the authors who perform these operations, teach patients and their relatives care, nutrition through the jejunostomy, and manage these patients at the outpatient stage. The results and their discussion. The article provides recommendations for the care of jejunostomy, depending on the type of jejunostomy and feeding tube. The technique of feeding through the jejunostomy is described in the details, while an original method for the slow introduction of the nutrient mixture in the absence of special systems for drip nutrition is proposed. General recommendations on the selection of a nutrient mixture for feeding through the jejunostomy are given. Conclusion. Fistula care and feeding of patients with jejunostomy are differ from similar activities carried out in patients with gastrostomy. The proposed article will improve the orientation of medical workers in the problem and may serve as the beginning of the development of domestic recommendations for the care of the fistula and nutrition of patients with jejunostomy.

A real-time on-site precision nutrient monitoring system for hydroponic cultivation utilizing LIBS

Indoor hydroponic farming is an advanced cultivation technique with diverse sustainability benefits, such as facilitating local produce, minimizing transportation costs and emissions, and enabling year-round crop cultivation. To optimize crop growth for enhanced yield, improved crop quality, and reduced environmental footprint, precise monitoring and replenishment of essential nutrients within hydroponic systems is crucial. Current methods employed in most commercial farms for online nutrient supply monitoring is limited to pH and conductivity measurements. These techniques can only offer an indication of the overall change in the complex nutrient mixture and lack the capability to precisely identify the specific nutrient or quantify the nutrient content. Most of the existing techniques for measuring individual nutrient levels are expensive and invasive, necessitating sample preparation, frequent recalibration, and skilled personnel for operation. In this context, we propose and demonstrate a real-time, on-site monitoring system for the precise analysis of hydroponic nutrient supply based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We also discuss the system design considerations, parametric optimizations, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of key nutrient components such as potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), using the proposed approach. The detection range of the developed LIBS-based monitoring system can encompass the typical concentration range observed in hydroponic nutrient solutions used at agricultural farms. This technique offers rapid online monitoring of individual nutrient components, providing precise, real-time analysis and the potential to enable comprehensive automation capabilities for current and future hydroponic farms.Graphical abstract

The influence of cholesterol and calcium ions on the interaction of cryoprotectors with a biological membrane model

In this work, we studied the effects of three cryoprotectors – ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and sucrose – on the compression isotherms of egg yolk Langmuir monolayers both in the presence and in the absence of cholesterol in the monolayer. The influence of calcium ions from the subphase affecting the effectiveness of cryoprotection on π-A isotherms is also examined. In addition, the elastic properties of the obtained monolayers are investigated by calculation and comparison the compression modulus of the monolayer. The scientific novelty of the work is in consideration of a complex biosimilar system (an egg yolk monolayer, cholesterol and their mixtures) on the surface of the aqueous solution of the nutrient mixture and obtaining information about the specific interaction of different cryoprotectors with lipid membranes. We found that when calcium ions and cryoprotectors are simultaneously added to the subphase, they block each other's influence on the lipid monolayer and reduce the effectiveness of cryoprotection. Cholesterol in the yolk in a ratio of 1:50 m m−1 changes the properties of the monolayer, which leads to increased action of cryoprotectors. Also, for the first time, the effect of a significant increase in surface pressure (by ∼20 mN m−1) was detected when cryoprotectors were added to the system under consideration. This effect can serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of membrane dehydration by cryoprotectors and can be used to find the most effective and safe cryoprotector compositions. The obtained data can provide important recommendations for the development of cryoprotective media for cell freezing. Since the study of the mechanisms of calcium interaction (the most important signaling cation) with biological membrane and membrane-like systems is important for understanding the various effects caused by medicinal and biologically active drugs at the cellular level, the study is of interest for various fields of biophysics and biomedicine.

Portable automatic nutrient mixing based on microcontroller for hydroponic vegetable cultivation

The growth of the hydroponic vegetable cultivation industry has become the main focus in meeting increasing food needs. However, proper and consistent nutritional management is necessary to achieve optimal results in hydroponic cultivation. This research describes the design of a microcontroller-based portable automatic nutrient mixing system designed to simplify and increase the efficiency of hydroponic vegetable cultivation. This system uses a microcontroller as the system’s brain to regulate nutrient concentrations automatically. The nutrients needed for hydroponic plants, such as liquid fertilizer, humic acid, and macro-micro nutrients, can be measured and mixed according to predetermined parameters. The success of this system is supported by the EC (Conductive Capability) sensors integrated into the system. The advantage of this nutrient mixing system is its portability, which allows users to organize hydroponic vegetable cultivation in various locations without significant limitations. The system can also be monitored and controlled remotely via a mobile app or computer, allowing users to control their plants’ nutrition even when they are away. Experimental results show that this system can produce a consistent nutrient mixture that meets the needs of hydroponic plants. Thus, this microcontroller-based portable automatic nutrient mixing system can effectively support the sustainable and efficient growth of the hydroponic vegetable cultivation industry.

Follicular metabolic alterations are associated with obesity in mares and can be mitigated by dietary supplementation

Obesity is a growing concern in human and equine populations, predisposing to metabolic pathologies and reproductive disturbances. Cellular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathologic consequences of obesity, which may be mitigated by dietary interventions targeting these processes. We hypothesized that obesity in the mare promotes follicular lipid accumulation and altered mitochondrial function of oocytes and granulosa cells, potentially contributing to impaired fertility in this population. We also predicted that these effects could be mitigated by dietary supplementation with a combination of targeted nutrients to improve follicular cell metabolism. Twenty mares were grouped as: Normal Weight [NW, n = 6, body condition score (BCS) 5.7 ± 0.3], Obese (OB, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and Obese Diet Supplemented (OBD, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and fed specific feed regimens for ≥ 6 weeks before sampling. Granulosa cells, follicular fluid, and cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from follicles ≥ 35 mm during estrus and after induction of maturation. Obesity promoted several mitochondrial metabolic disturbances in granulosa cells, reduced L-carnitine availability in the follicle, promoted lipid accumulation in cumulus cells and oocytes, and increased basal oocyte metabolism. Diet supplementation of a complex nutrient mixture mitigated most of the metabolic changes in the follicles of obese mares, resulting in parameters similar to NW mares. In conclusion, obesity disturbs the equine ovarian follicle by promoting lipid accumulation and altering mitochondrial function. These effects may be partially mitigated with targeted nutritional intervention, thereby potentially improving fertility outcomes in the obese female.

Influence of insectocompost obtained by cultivation of the during beetle <i>Ulomoides dermestoides</i> on the ecological-trophic composition and development of soil and phytoparasitic nematodes

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of insect compost obtained as a result of the vital activity of insects of the Coleoptera order Ulomoides dermestoides on the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil nematodes of various ecological and trophic groups, as well as on the morphological and physiological state of plants and infection of tomato plants with root-knot nematodes.Materials and methods. Under laboratory conditions, soil containing a diverse fauna of nematodes was treated with 1% dry and 0.5; 0.75 and 1% aqueous solutions of biocompost. Insect compost was obtained by keeping the U. dermestoides on a dry nutrient mixture. Then a mixture of lawn grasses was sown in the ground. After 30 days, the composition of nematodes was analyzed. The ability of insect compost to suppress parasitic nematode species was studied using the tomato-knot nematode model system. Tomatoes were infected with Meloidogyne incognita at a rate of 500 larvae (J2) per plant and simultaneously treated with a 0.5% aqueous biocompost solution.Results and discussion. The insect compost U. dermestoides has an effect on quantitative and qualitative indicators in the community of soil nematodes, increasing the number of predatory and saprobiotic nematodes and displacing parasitic ones. And due to the content of various biologically active compounds, it affects the development of rootknot nematodes in tomato roots. When tomatoes are treated with an aqueous solution of insect compost, the infection score and the number of nematodes that penetrate the roots are reduced. The introduction of compost when growing a mixture of lawn grasses and tomatoes can improve the condition of the plants.

Effectiveness of Home-Based Administration of Ready to Use Therapeutic Formula (RUTF) in the Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)

Objective: To evaluate the growth of children with uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) treated with Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Formula (RUTF) on an outpatient department basis. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted on 66 children at the Outpatient setting of the MCH Centre, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2023 to June 2023, after approval from the hospital’s ethical committee. Children aged 6-59 months suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were selected for nutritional rehabilitation with Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Formula (RUTF) after meeting the selection criteria defined by WHO. RUTF is a nutrient mixture formulated primarily for the therapy of severe acute malnutrition without complications. Results: The mean age of patients was 16.98±6.12 months. Out of 66 patients, 26 (39.3%) were male, and 40 (60.6%) were female. The mean weight before RUTF treatment was 6.53±1.21 kg, mean Height/Length was 71.65±7.01 cm, mean MUAC was 10.88±0.36 cm, mean BSR was 91.21±2.32 mg/dL, and mean weight after RUTF treatment was 9.17±1.53 kg. There was a significant difference in the weight of children after RUTF treatment (6.53±1.21 vs 9.17±1.53, p=0.0001) with no side effects. The weight increased after treatment with RUTF. Conclusion: According to WHO recommendations, we conclude that RUTF is helpful in enhancing weight gain in children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition under the age of five. RUTF

Comparing the productivity of potato plants when growing mini-tubers in the conditions of air hydroponics and in the pots with soil substrate

The article provides the results of comparative tests on growing mini-tubers of potato in greenhouse culture using the pots with soil substrate and in the conditions of air hydroponics without hard substrates by treatment of root system with water-air nutrient mixture. The results of field testing of seed qualities of mini-tubers obtained by various methods are given. The experiments were carried out in Moscow region in potato varieties Fioletovy and Severnoe siyanie. On the basis of the research, it has been established that using the method of obtaining mini-tubers in the conditions of air hydroponics it is possible to increase the seed reproduction coefficient raising the quantitative characteristics of the yield. When growing in the conditions of air hydroponics in the Severnoe siyanie variety there was recorded two time increase of reproduction coefficient and obtained 19.2 mini-tubers per plant. At the same time, in greenhouse culture the average yield was 9.2 mini-tubers per plant. In Fioletovy variety, the reproduction coefficient in air hydroponic plants was 1.8 times higher than in greenhouse culture, 29.1 and 16.1 mini-tubers per plant, respectively. In the yield of greenhouse mini-tubers there were no seeds of small fractions, while in air hydroponic parts there were 25 % of them in Severnoe siyanie variety and 19 % in Fioletovy one. The number of fractions of large seeds more than 30 mm in size was much higher in greenhouse parts than in air hydroponic ones, 49.9 % against 1.82 % in Severnoe siyanie variety and 38.5 % against 1.3 % in Fioletovy variety. By comparative field tests of plants obtained from seed greenhouse and air hydroponic mini-tubers there has not been established significant differences in their yield and reproduction coefficient.

Identification of glycine betaine as a host-derived molecule required for the vegetative proliferation of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni.

Perkinsus olseni is an industrially significant protozoan parasite of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. So far, various media, based on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture with supplementation of fetal bovine serum (FBS), have been developed to proliferate the parasitizing trophozoite stage of P. olseni. The present study showed that P. olseni did not proliferate in FBS-deficient Perkinsus broth medium (PBMΔF), but proliferated well in PBMΔF supplemented with tissue extract of host Manila clams, indicating that FBS and Manila clam tissue contained molecule(s) required for P. olseni proliferation. Preliminary characterization suggested that the host-derived molecule(s) was a heat-stable molecule(s) with a molecular weight of less than 3 kDa, and finally a single molecule required for the proliferation was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography processes. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses identified this molecule as glycine betaine (=trimethylglycine), and the requirement of this molecule for P. olsseni proliferation was confirmed by an assay using chemically synthesized, standard glycine betaine. Although glycine betaine was required for the proliferation of all examined Perkinsus species, supplementation of glycine betaine precursors, such as choline and betaine aldehyde, enhanced the proliferation of 4 Perkinsus species (P. marinus, P. chesapeaki, P. mediterraneus and P. honshuensis), but not of 2 others (P. olseni and P. beihaiensis). Thus, it was concluded that the ability to biosynthesise glycine betaine from its precursors varied among Perkinsus species, and that P. olseni and P. beihaiensis lack the ability required to biosynthesize glycine betaine for proliferation.

Enhanced exopolysaccharide production of Cordyceps militaris via mycelial cell immobilization on plastic composite support in repeated-batch fermentation

Repeated-batch fermentation with fungal mycelia immobilized in plastic composite support (PCS) eliminates the lag phase during fermentation and improves metabolite productivity. The strategy is implemented herein, and a novel modified PCS is developed to enhance exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris. A modified PCS (SYE + PCS) was made by compositing polypropylene (PP) with a nutrient mixture containing soybean hull, peptone, yeast extract, and minerals (SYE+). The use of SYE + PCS has consistent cell productivity throughout the multiple fermentation cycles, which resulted in a more higher cell productivity after second batch compared to unmodified PCS. The cell grown on SYE + PCS also generates a higher yield of EPS (3.36, 6.93, and 5.72 g/L in the first, second, and third fermentation cycles, respectively) up to three-fold higher than the cell immobilized on unmodified PCS. It is also worth noting that the EPS from mycelium grown on SYE + PCS contains up to 2.3-fold higher cordycepin than those on unmodified PCS. The presence of nutrients in SYE + PCS also affects the hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the PC, improving mycelial cell adhesion. This study also provides a preliminary antioxidant activity assessment of EPS from immobilized C. militaris grown with SYE + PCS.

Mixtures of Metals and Micronutrients in Early Pregnancy and Cognition in Early and Mid-Childhood: Findings from the Project Viva Cohort.

The developing fetal brain is sensitive to many environmental exposures. However, the independent and joint effects of prenatal exposure to metals and micronutrients on child cognition are not well understood. Our aim was to evaluate associations of first-trimester ( wk) maternal erythrocyte concentrations of mixtures of nonessential and essential metals and micronutrients with early ( y) and mid-childhood ( y) cognitive test scores in Project Viva, a prebirth cohort in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. We measured concentrations of five essential metals (Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn) and two micronutrients (vitamin B12 and folate), together termed the "nutrient mixture," as well as six nonessential metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb), together termed the "neurotoxic mixture," in first-trimester ( wk) maternal erythrocytes (metals) or plasma (micronutrients). We assessed visual-motor function and receptive vocabulary in early childhood ( y), and visual-motor function, visual memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence in mid-childhood ( y). We employed adjusted quantile g-computation and linear regression to estimate mixture and individual component associations, respectively. Analyses included 900 mother-child pairs (74% college graduates; 52% male children). In mixture analyses, a quartile increase in the nutrient mixture was associated with a mean difference in early childhood receptive vocabulary score of 1.58 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06, 3.10], driven by Zn and Se. A quartile increase in the neurotoxic mixture was associated with a mean difference in mid-childhood visual-motor score of points (95% CI: , ), driven by Ba and Cs. Linear regressions supported quantile g-computation findings for mixture component contributions. Maternal circulating concentrations of several essential (Zn and Se) and nonessential (Ba and Cs) metals were associated with some domains of child cognition. In this folate-replete cohort, first-trimester circulating concentrations of known neurotoxic metals, such as Pb, were not associated with child cognition. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12016.

Examining Prenatal Dietary Factors in Association with Child Autism-Related Traits Using a Bayesian Mixture Approach: Results from 2 United States Cohorts

BackgroundPrior work has suggested relationships between prenatal intake of certain nutrients and autism. ObjectivesWe examined a broad set of prenatal nutrients and foods using a Bayesian modeling approach. MethodsParticipants were drawn from the Early Autism Risks Longitudinal Investigation (n = 127), a cohort following women with a child with autism through a subsequent pregnancy. Participants were also drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII, n = 713), a cohort of United States female nurses, for comparison analyses. In both studies, information on prospectively reported prenatal diet was drawn from food frequency questionnaires, and child autism-related traits were measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Bayesian kernel machine regression was used to examine the combined effects of several nutrients with neurodevelopmental relevance, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), iron, zinc, vitamin D, folate, and other methyl donors, and separately, key food sources of these, in association with child SRS scores in crude and adjusted models. ResultsIn adjusted analyses, the overall mixture effects of nutrients in Early Autism Risks Longitudinal Investigation and foods in both cohorts on SRS scores were not observed, though there was some suggestion of decreasing SRS scores with increasing overall nutrient mixture in NHSII. No associations were observed with folate within the context of this mixture, but holding other nutrients fixed, n–6 PUFAs were associated with lower SRS scores in NHSII. In both cohorts, lower SRS scores were observed with higher intake of some groupings of vegetables, though for differing types of vegetables across cohorts, and some vegetable groups were associated with higher SRS scores in NHSII. ConclusionsOur work extends prior research and suggests the need to further consider prenatal dietary factors from a combined effects perspective. In addition, findings here point to potential differences in nutrient associations based on a family history of autism, which suggests the need to consider gene interactions in future work.

Albumin Synthesis Rates Measured with [2H5ring]Phenylalanine are not Responsive to Short-Term Intravenous Nutrients in Healthy Humans

The response of albumin synthesis rates to infusion of either an intravenous nutrient mixture containing adequate nitrogen and energy or an isotonic saline infusion was compared in adult men. In a crossover study, nine healthy male subjects received a short-term (13.5-h) infusion of either the nutrient mixture or the saline solution, and albumin synthesis rates were measured by a stable isotope technique employing [2H5ring]phenylalanine. Fractional rates of albumin synthesis did not differ significantly between treatments (saline, 7.3 ± 1.0%/d; intravenous nutrients, 7.8 ± 1.0%/d). The secretion time of albumin was significantly lower with intravenous nutrients infusion than with saline infusion. Plasma albumin concentration as well as prealbumin and transferrin concentrations decreased over time when subjects were infused with either saline or the nutrient solution as a result of dilution rather than a change in synthesis. These results suggest that albumin synthesis rate does not respond to short-term intravenous nutrients.

Role and Efficiency of Retardants in Tobacco Growing Technology

The effect of retardants on tobacco plants in the seedling and field periods has been studied. It was found that two-time treatment of seedlings with the Athlete retardant in the phases ears and suitable for planting seedlings at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 and a single treatment at a dose of 3.5 ml/m2 in the phase suitable for planting seedlings contributed to the suspension of plant growth. There was a decrease in the length of tobacco plants by 3-17, a thickening of the stem diameter by 14-19, an increase in the mass of stems by 4-11 and the mass of roots by 44-50%. The yield of standard seedlings in the versions treated with a retardant increased by 5-6%. The degree of development of the root system of plants, established by the ability to retain a nutrient mixture, increased by 61-100%. A single application of the fertilizer with the retardant properties of Cultifort Raiz at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 in the phase suitable for planting seedlings contributed to a reduction in the length of tobacco plants by 2-8, an increase in the diameter of the stem by 5, the mass of stems by 8, roots by 68%. The ability of the root system to retain the greenhouse mixture increased by 118%. An increase in the yield of standard seedlings by 2% was noted. During the field period, the retardant effect of the applied agrochemicals persisted for 45 days after disembarkation. The best result in obtaining an additional yield of 6.2 c/ha (by 21%) was noted against the background of the use of the Athlete drug at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 with double treatment. When using the Athlete retardant at a dose of 3.5 ml/m2 with a single treatment, the additional yield was 5.4 c/ha (by 18%). The use of Cultifort Raiz fertilizer at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 (once), contributed to an increase in the yield of raw materials by 3.9 c/ha (by 13%). In the application of the standard, the highest yield increase was obtained - 9.0 с/ha (by 30%). The accumulation of dry matter (materiality) in tobacco raw materials increased with increasing doses of agrochemicals. The use of retardants contributed to the improvement of the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials, namely, an increase in the number of Schmuck (carbohydrate-protein ratio).

Off-field sucker production of post-harvest banana corms under different hormonal and nutritional regime

Banana is the most important fruit crop of the world. The production of banana propagules for different scales of its cultivation and for the farmers of different resource capacity is an important researchable issue. An improved macro-propagation technique for production of suckers from isolated corms under controlled laboratory condition may be a cheap and easy adoptable alternative to the micro-propagation of banana. An experiment on banana (Musa spp.) post-harvest corm was conducted at the Department of Plant Physiology, BCKV Mohanpur, to study the induction of sucker through different hormonal and nutritional intervention, which was laid out in Completely Randomized Design and replicated three times. Five treatments viz., T1 (Control treatment with water spray), T2 (Thio-urea 0.15%), T3 (nutrient mixture of urea @450 mg l-1 + Thio-urea @70 mg l-1 + CalciumNitrate @ 700 mg l-1+ Calcium monophosphate @150 mg l-1 + Magnesium chloride @80 mg l-1+ Boric acid @5 0mg l-1), T4 (Thiourea @0.15% + BAP@ 4ppm), T5 (nutrient mixture of T3 + BAP @4ppm). The substrate used for planting the corms were a mixture of sawdust + Trichoderma @ 15g kg-1 of sawdust + vermicompost @ 15g kg-1 of sawdust. Observations recorded were weight of the corm, days to appearance of the first primary suckers, number of primary suckers, number of secondary suckers, number of tertiary suckers and total number of suckers. T3 observed to be the best treatment in respect to all the

Bacterial Growth of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Pooled Urine Is Much Higher than Predicted from the Average Growth in Individual Urine Samples.

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), affect most women, and often recur. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have not identified a common set of virulence genes, which has suggested complex host-pathogen interactions and multiple virulence mechanisms. One aspect of the host-pathogen interaction is rapid UPEC growth in urine in vivo. When bacterial growth in urine is studied in vitro, urine is pooled, which is assumed to diminish individual variation. We grew one nonpathogenic and two pathogenic E. coli strains in urine from individuals who never had a UTI, had a UTI history but no current infection, and had a UTI history with a current infection. Bacterial growth showed large variations in individual urine samples, and pooled urine often supported significantly more growth than the average growth from individual urine samples. Total nutrient content tended to be higher in current group urine samples than the never and history grouped samples urine. We propose that pooling optimizes a nutrient mixture in the never and history group urine samples, which are often studied, whereas urine from current group individuals may have a more optimal nutrient mixture because of additional nutrient sources. We conclude that a pooled urine is not “an average urine sample,” and that the best comparisons of results between labs using pooled urine would also include results with a standardized synthetic urine.IMPORTANCE Urinary tract infections (UTIs) will affect most women, can recur especially in postmenopausal women, and can become antibiotic recalcitrant. Escherichia coli causes most community-acquired UTIs and recurrent UTIs. Current theories of virulence, based on studies of UTI-associated E. coli, propose multiple virulence mechanisms and complex host-pathogen interactions. Studies of bacterial growth in urine samples—one aspect of the host-pathogen interaction—invariably involve pooled urine that are assumed to eliminate variations between individuals. Our results show that a pooled urine is not necessarily an average urine sample, and we suggest that quantitative and qualitative variations in nutrient content are the basis for this discrepancy. Knowledge of growth-promoting urinary components is important for understanding host-pathogen interactions during UTIs and could contribute to developing nonantibiotic-based therapies.

Optimization of the recipe of enriched processed cheese based on generalized desirability function

The modern dairy market is overcrowded with processed cheeses with various flavors, but there are not enough antioxidant products on the consumer market. Domestic technologies of the production of new generation food products with specified characteristics, including functional and enriched ones, are being introduced into production very slowly. A functional nutritional mixture with antioxidant properties has been developed in order to enrich processed cheese with biologically active substances and partial replacement of raw milk. In the enriched processed cheese, a part of milk raw material was replaced with a nutritious mixture in the amount of 2, 4 and 6%. Processed cheese “Russian” was chosen as a control one. The requirements have been developed for the organoleptic characteristics of enriched processed cheese, taking into account the nutritional mixture introduced into the recipe. The results of the organoleptic assessment showed that the option with the introduction of 4% nutritional mixture (29.8) scored the highest total points, the option with the introduction of 6% nutritional mixture scored the smallest total points - 24.9, since there was a slight spicy-bitter aftertaste. A qualimetric assessment of organoleptic parameters and chemical composition of three processed cheeses was carried out using the method of generalized desirability function of S. Harrington. Using the interval ranges of the values of the generalized desirability function, it was found that the values of the function for all cheese recipes are in the range “good” (D = 0.63 ... 0.80). It has been foun that the greatest generalized desirability function (Dj) is characteristic of such groups as microelements, general chemical composition, organoleptic characteristics, a smaller Dj group of macroelements and vitamins. Of the three options for processed cheese recipes, the option with the introduction of 4% nutrient mixture has the greatest value in all respects.

Clinical Recommendations of the Northwest Society for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Interregional Association for Emergency Surgery, Russian Gastroenterological Association, Union of Rehabilitation Therapists of Russia and Russian Transplantation Society on Diagnosis and Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure in Adults

Aim. Current clinical recommendations address the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of possible immediate and long-term complications, as well as the problematic issues related to treatment and rehabilitation of adult short bowel syndrome patients.Key points. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a symptom complex of impaired digestion caused by the reduction of small intestine absorptive surface and manifested by intestinal failure (IF) of various severity (maldigestion and malabsorption) developing into malnutrition and systemic somatogenic disorders. The vital strategic aspects of its treatment are the personalisation of liquid, macro- and micronutrients consumption as well as avoidance of intestinal failure- and parenteral nutrition-associated complications. Various nutritional support regimes and the indications for infusion therapy and maintenance parenteral nutrition are considered in this patient category, also in outpatient settings. To mitigate the dependence on intravenous fluid- and nutrient administration and attain enteral autonomy in SBS-IF patients, the use of recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is justified as exerting a pronounced trophic effect on the epithelial regenerative potential as well as structural and functional adaptation of intestinal mucosa. The SBS-IF patients prescribed with home parenteral nutrition and/or their caregivers should be trained in a special programme that covers the catheter care, preparation of infusion solutions and nutrient mixture container, infusion pump operation as well as the prevention, recognition and management of complications. The main referral indications for small bowel transplantation (SBT) are: fast-progressing cholestatic liver disease-complicated irreversible intestinal failure; thrombosis of two or more central venous conduits used for parenteral nutrition; recurrent catheter-associated bloodstream infection.Conclusion. Current recommendations on diagnosis and treatment as well as the developed criteria of medical aid quality assessment are applicable at different levels of healthcare.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ УГЛЕВОДНОЙ СМЕСИ С БЕЛКОМ В РАМКАХ КОНЦЕПЦИИ «FAST-TRACK» ПРИ ПЛАНОВОЙ АРТРОПЛАСТИКЕ КРУПНЫХ СУСТАВОВ

Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding with a whey protein plus carbohydrate drink on metabolic parameters, general state of the patient and recovery time after knee and hip arthroplasty. Methods: The results of the perioperative period of 60 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee were evaluated between March and July 2021. All patients underwent hip or knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia. In addition, patients of the study group received the ProvideXtra® Drink 2 hours before surgery. Otherwise, the management of patients in the perioperative period was the standard. Mobilisation and verticalisation of patients were carried out after achieving physical fitness, resolution of the spinal block and haemodynamic stability on the day of surgery or the next day. Results: In all patients after 4 hours, increased glucose levels were recorded in both groups, statistically significant in the control group – 7.15±0.94 versus 7.88±1.18 mmol/l (p=0.02). The decrease in haemoglobin level had no difference in the study groups and before discharge was 100±16 g/l versus 101±18 g/l (p=0.86). The difference in total protein level before discharge was in favour of the study group, 63.1±6.1 versus 59.2±5.9 g/l (p=0.17). Verticalisation timing in the study group was as follows: 10 patients were verticalised on the day of surgery, and the remaining 20 patients – were on the next day. In the control group – 8 patients were verticalised on the day of surgery and 22 – on the next day. In the control group, 2 cases of postoperative nausea requiring correction were observed. Conclusion: The modern surgical approaches include the maximal preservation of natural feeding, based on the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) concept. However, guidelines for choosing a particular diet on the day of surgery remain to be finally established. Using ready-made carbohydrate-protein mixtures is a convenient solution that delivers the required amount of energy and protein. Therefore, the effect of the mixture on protein metabolism in the postoperative period remains to be elucidated through further studies. Keywords: Accelerated rehabilitation, nutrient mixture, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty.

Use of Seaweed Liquid Extract and Cow Urine for Lettuce Growth in Hydroponic System

Lettuce cultivated by millennial farmers using a hydroponic system in urban areas. Seaweed extracts and cow urine contain nutrients and plant growth regulators. This study aims to determine the effect of a formulation containing inorganic nutrient solution, seaweed liquid extract, and mixed cow urine on lettuce growth, as well as the volume of commercial nutrient mixture that can be substituted by these additives in a hydroponic system. The treatment used contains a combination of inorganic fertilizer solution (CF), seaweed liquid extract (SLE), and cow urine (CU). Every repeated three times in a randomized block design. Results, the nutrient mixture had a significant effect on the height, leaves number as well as wet and dry weight of the plants. Lettuce planted on 50% CF+ 25% SLE+ 25% CU was the tallest when observed on days 7, 14, and 42 after planting. The highest fresh and dry weight was also obtained from this nutrient formulation. On day 35, the highest leaves number was recorded from plants on the 100% CF+ 0% SLE+0% CU medium. Concluded, a mixture of seaweed liquid extract and cow urine has the potential to reduce the inorganic fertilizers use as a nutrient solution in a hydroponic system.