Nusakambangan Island Research Articles

Predicting Mediation Role of Person-Environment Fit on Contextual Performance: Study in Indonesian Correctional Organization

ABSTRACT This study examined the mediating role of person – environment fit in the relationships of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on contextual performance. A total of 171 officers in correctional facilities in Nusakambangan Island returned usable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4. Results showed that person – environment fit partially mediated the influence of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on contextual performance. This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating and predicting the mediating role of person – environment fit which was little highlighted by previous research. The study is expected to provide insight, evidence, and knowledge for academics, HR managers, and correctional policymakers that improving officer contextual performance, improving organizational support, and attracting and retaining officers with proactive personalities can increase opportunities for organizations to build strong human resources and in turn contribute to contextual performance that can improve the achievement of organizational effectiveness.

Pelayanan Jam Kunjungan Warga Binaan Di LembagaPemasyarakatan Terbuka Kelas IIB Nusakambangan

This research aims to determine the visiting hours service for inmates atthe Class IIB Nusakambangan Open Penitentiary and to find out theobstacles faced in the visiting hours service for Inmates at the Class IIBNusakambangan Open Penitentiary. The approach method used in thisresearch is a normative juridical research method and the analysis in thisresearch uses a qualitative analysis method. The results of the research atthe Class IIB Nusakambangan Open Penitentiary, namely that visitinghours services for inmates at the Class IIB Nusakambangan OpenPenitentiary were carried out in accordance with the rules stipulated inthe Operational Standards, Service Standards and GovernmentRegulation No. 99 of 2012 concerning Requirements and Procedures forthe Implementation of the Rights of Inmates in Prisons with theimplementation of visiting schedules, guarantees provided and servicesfrom other visiting hours and obstacles faced in serving visiting hours forinmates at the Class IIB Nusakambangan Open Penitentiary, namelylimited crossings for to the Nusakambangan Open Prison location in thespecial Nusakambangan Island Correctional Area and strict procedures,namely administration regarding the Village Head's certificate. However,despite the obstacles, the Class IIB Nusakambangan Open Penitentiary isworking as a solution, namely providing relief for the Village Head'scertificate to be followed up on the next visit provided that the visitor stillhas one Family Card and continues to provide the best service byproviding video call services so that the WBP can still communicate withtheir families.

Analysis of Correctional Institution Officer Interaction Patterns and Stress During Implementation of Correctional Revitalization in Nusakambangan Indonesian

The implementation of correctional revitalization is not only related to structural adjustments and security protocols at Super Maximum Security (SMAX), Maximum Security (MAX), and Medium Security (MS) correctional facilities; it may also have an impact on changes in officer-inmate interaction patterns and the psychological stress officers. After the implementation of institutional revitalization, this study intends to investigate the patterns of officer-inmate interaction and the levels of stress experienced by correctional institution personnel in Nusakambangan with various degrees of security. Eight officers were interviewed as part of the research approach, which involved descriptive qualitative analysis, in four prisons on Nusakambangan Island. The analysis's findings give an example of the many ways that SMAX, MAX, and MS prison guards and convicts engage with one another. Because of restrictions on prisoners' freedom of movement, the implementation of security measures, and disparities in treatment within the development program, different interaction patterns result. Comparing convicts in XMAX and MAX prisons to those in MS prisons, authorities believe that MS prisoners spend more time outside of their rooms engaging in activities, which could compromise security and order. The result is that because inmates in MS prisons are free to roam the facility, but inmates in SMAX and MAX prisons engage in more activities in their quarters, the stress level for officers in MS prisons is higher than the stress level in SMAX and MAX prisons.

Seed exploration on Nusakambangan Island to enrich seeds collection in Bogor Botanic Garden

Seed exploration is one of the conservation strategies used to enhance the collection of seeds as natural resources in the seed bank. In 2020, we explored Nusakambangan Island from the West Nusakambangan nature reserve area, Batar Panjang coast, to Kali Jati Riverbanks. The exploratory approach and direct fruit tree sampling were employed. This study seeks to collect and preserve plant seeds and discover their biological seed characteristics. Thirty-two (32) collection numbers were obtained, consisting of 22 families and 27 genera. Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae (4 species) have the most fruiting trees in this exploration. Ficus variegata, Mucuna gigantea, and Ziziphus horsfieldii are new Bogor Botanic Gardens database collections. Most seeds (75%) we collect are orthodox and suitable for long-term storage. In addition, the specimens are not endemic or endangered trees; few still need identification. Also, this study provides information on biological seed characteristics that facilitate seed conservation storage at Bogor Botanical Garden Seed Bank.

Overview Of Passenger Service Standards Above Kmp. Siginjai Lintas Jepara – Karimunjawa Based On Pm 62 Year 2019 In Central Java Province

Central Java Province is located at 5°40' – 8°30' South Latitude and 108°30' – 111°30' East Longitude. The area reaches 32,548 km² or 25.67 percent of the land area of Java-Madura. The furthest distance from west to east is 263 kilometers and from north to south 226 kilometers (excluding Karimunjawa island). Central Java is bordered by the Indian Ocean and DI Yogyakarta in the south, West Java Province in the west, East Java Province in the east, and the Java Sea in the north. The province of Central Java also includes Nusakambangan Island in the south, and the Karimunjawa Islands in the Java Sea. In order to create services that are in accordance with the level of passenger service, analysis is neededusing the method of conformity level of minimum service standards for passengers with existing conditions. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that there are variables that are still lacking in the services of several ferry transportations such as:Information and Safety Facilities that are easily visible and affordable are not yet available in the form of health workers, stretchers, and inadequate first aid kits, the absence of passenger service facilities, not yet available proper temperature control facilities, passenger toilet facilities according to needs, no breastfeeding mother room facilities, no wheelchair special room facilities and special room facilities for wheelchair users

Analysis of Changes in Habitat Suitability of the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas, Cuvier 1809) on Java Island, 2000–2020

The Javan leopard is an apex predator whose distribution is limited to the island of Java and Nusakambangan Island, and it is classified as an endangered species. The forest habitat of the Javan leopard is subject to annual damage, which causes a decrease in its quality and suitability as a habitat for this species. This study aimed to determine the changes in the suitability of the Javan leopard habitat from 2000 to 2020 and the variables affecting it. A habitat suitability analysis was performed using the MaxEnt application. The data included coordinate points and environment variables. The variables included the distance from rivers, undisturbed tropical forests, degraded forests, permanent water, shrubs, farms, plantations, and settlements. The model produced an AUC value of 0.812, indicating the model was good. In the 2000 model year, the highly suitable habitat area of the Javan leopard was 2481.38 km2, the suitable habitat area was 2630.763 km2, and the unsuitable area was 7790.155 km2. In the 2020 model, the area of highly suitable habitat was 1429.647 km2, the area of suitable habitat was 2379.344 km2, and the area that was not suitable was 9093.081 km2. Primary forest was the variable that contributed most to the model.

A Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Nusa Kambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia.

An inventory of herpetofauna species from western part of Nusa Kambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia, is presented. There are 43 herpetofauna species reported (16 amphibians and 27 reptiles). This study confirmed new distribution record and list some of threatened species. In light of the imminent human disturbances on Nusa Kambangan Island, a conservation plan is urgently needed.

Dampak Pemilihan Lokasi terhadap Arsitektur Bangunan Benteng Karang Bolong di Pulau Nusakambangan

This article discusses the impact of site selection on the architecture of the Karang Bolong Fort. Data collection was done by using observation, interviews, and literature studies techniques. The research uses the analysis techniques of the outside of the buildings and qualitative analysis. The supporting theory used is the theory of landscape architecture. The results of this study provide an overview of site selection of Karang Bolong Fortress which affect the architecture form of the fort. Seeing the location, the Dutch East Indies government chose to adapt the Napoleon Tower model with some adjustments in the function and number of rooms. The architectural shape of the defense tower was chosen because it is in accordance with the function of Karang Bolong Fort as a defensive fortress on the east coast of Nusakambangan Island.

Searching for two endemic plants on Nusakambangan Island (Indonesia) last collected more than a century ago

Searching for two endemic plants on Nusakambangan Island (Indonesia) last collected more than a century ago

Composition and diversity of macroalgae community in the coast of Karang Bolong, Nusakambangan Island

Karang Bolong Beach is a beach located at the eastern tip of the island of Nusakambangan Cilacap. Karang Bolong Beach has a substrate type in the coral and composite substrate (fragment coral, rock, and sand). Therefore, a lot of seaweed grows there. This research aims to determine the macroalgae community on different substrates at Karang Bolong Beach, Cilacap. This is done to explore and use seaweed as a source of bioethanol. The research method used was a survey method - sampling using transects with a random process. The research variables included the macroalgae community in terms of species diversity and abundance on different substrates. The main parameters observed were the number of species and the number of individuals for each species. Supporting parameters consist of current velocity, nitrate content, turbidity, depth, tides, salinity, temperature, and pH. The data obtained were analyzed using Primer-7 to determine the diversity and density of each macroalgae species. The results showed 11 species of macroalgae consisting of Amnasia glomerata, Caulerpa mexiana, Chaetomorpha crasa, Dictyota ciliolata, Eucheuma serna, Gracilaria arcuata. Gracilaria gigas, Laurencia subopposita, Padina australis, Rhodymenia sp., and Ulva rigida. On the coral substrate, there were eight species, and on the composite substrate, six species. Four of these species are found in both substrate types. The diversity of species on the coral substrate varies from low to moderate. The highest abundance on composite substrates dominated by Padina australis biomass with a weight of 431 g.m−2. On coral substrate dominated by Gracilaria gigas with a value of 275.33 g.m−2. The community is in an unstable condition due to ecological pressures.

IDENTIFIKASI RONGGA MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI DIPOLE-DIPOLE DAERAH NUSAKAMBANGAN CILACAP JAWA TENGAH

Identifikasi rongga di pulau Nusakambangan menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi dipole-dipole telah dilakukan. Metode ini digunakan untuk memetakan nilai resistivitas secara lateral pada masing-masing lintasan. Pengujian geolistrik tahanan jenis dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 lintasan dengan panjang bentangan 200 - 400 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya beberapa pola yang diinterpretasikan sebagai rongga di sepanjang lintasan yang di survei. Pola- pola tersebut yaitu (i) tiga pola klosur pada lintasan A dengan rentang resistivitas lebih dari 4000 ohmmeter, (ii) dua pola klosur pada lintasan B dengan rentang resistivitas lebih dari 10000 ohmmeter (iii) satu pola klosur pada lintasan C dengan rentang resistivitas lebih dari 10000 ohmmeter, dan (iv) dua pola klosur pada lintasan D dengan rentang resistivitas lebih dari 2000 ohmmeter. Hasil penelitian bisa menjadi gambaran untuk menandai lokasi-lokasi di permukaan yang rawan atau berpotensi terjadinya bencana amblesan/sinkhole.Kata Kunci: Dipole-dipole; Geolistrik; Resistivitas; Rongga .

"Compromise" Between Human and Nature: A Multi species Ethnography Approach for Redefining the Concept of Human Adaptation

Abstract: In Anthropology, adaptation is interpreted as a variety of human efforts to adapt to the natural environment. This perspective, however, ignores the role of nature as an active subject. In fact, the reciprocal interaction between humans and the nature gives a significant impact to the survival of both entities. This paper intends to recommend a new perspective on the concept of adaptation through the approach of multispecies ethnography. The research observes the people of Kampung Laut in Cilacap. The data is collected through in-depth interviews and participation observations. The paper concludes that the people of Kampung Laut who live around the area where sedimentation takes place always face pressures from the environment as they often encounter tidal flooding. This condition requires the people of Kampung Laut to make efforts in order to survive the unavoidable natural disasters. The people of Kampung Laut "compromise" the environment in Nusakambangan island by growing albizia chinensis plantations. Albizias provide benefits to both the people and the sustainability of the environment. In addition to having a significant economic value, growing albizians among other hardwood trees on the hill of Nusakambangan helps in restoring the environment after the extreme illegal logging. Based on the findings of this research, I argue in accordance to the perspective of multispecies ethnography that the concept of adaptation can no longer place humans as the center of analysis, because this idea tends to disregard the fact that natural disasters are caused by human adaptations. This will ultimately threatens human survival over a period of time.

Antioxidant Activities of Mangrove Fruits Endophytic Fungus from Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia

Mangrove derived endophytic fungi are particular interest because they constitute the second-largest environmental group of marine fungi and are adapted to extreme conditions, which make them a rich source for novel metabolite and enzyme discovery. Especially the bioactivities of endophytic fungi from mangrove’s fruits have not been explored yet. We took our samples from The Segara Anakan lagoon which is situated at the southern coast of Central Java. The mangrove forest is semi-enclosed because there were Nusa Kambangan Island and its connection to the Indian Ocean. The endophytic fungus from 4 species mangrove’s fruits which are Acacia mangium Wild, Avicennia alba Blume, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam have been isolated, and antioxidant analysis have been done. Its resulted that the extract from endophytic fungi isolated from Bruguiera gymnorhiza showed the highest antioxidant activities among others even though the extract yield showed the opposite. From profiling of secondary metabolite from endophytic fungi extract, we obtained data that the extract contained Cyclohexane, 1-hexadecanol, 1H-Indene as and farnesene that might be contributed to antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract from isolated fungi from Bruguiera gymnorhiza fruits

Molecular species of Diaphanes sp from Nusa Kambangan Island as a source of luciferase molecular marker on cancer diagnostic

The luciferase, an important element, is currently being developed as an early detection for cancer biomarker. This study aims to obtain the gene sequence for luciferase and discover the percentage of similarity between the luciferase gene from Diaphanes javanus Gorham and gene bank reference fireflies. The study employed a descriptive analysis method. The results of the isolation, restriction and amplification of the luciferase gene produced a single band and nucleotide readings. The luciferase contig sequence for Diaphanes sp. was compared to the with the gene bank reference sequence. The highest similarity of the luciferase gene in Diaphanes sp was showing high similarity. The similarity rate can help to determine the direction of the development of the Diaphones sp luciferase gene in native species of Indonesia.

Groundwater Quality Analysis in Nusakambangan Groundwater Basin/Indonesia

Nusakambangan groundwater basin is located in Nusakambangan Island, Cilacap Regency. Sea and swamp-bound the research area and there is no deep well, and the only one dug well available. This condition encourages the community to collect water from a pool of karst cave which unproven water quality. The study purpose is to determine the water feasibility at interest point as drinking water. The methods were hydrogeological field campaign by collecting 33 water sampling from pools and one sample from dug well to analyse physical and chemical properties as well as calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results show the physical properties of water samples are having a relatively colourless but brownish in some samples, odourless, and a salty taste. The chemical properties indicated that the pH of water samples are ranging from 6,95 to 8,06 with the electrical conductivity (EC) start from 350 to 38,800 µS/cm. Moreover, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) have a value from 216 to 21,800 mg/L with the total hardness is around 134-5,395 mg/L. The water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl. Based on WQI analysis, there are 13 unfeasible samples for drinking water in the south-east of Klaces village, in the western of Ujunggalang village, and in the Eastern of Tambakreja village.

POTENSI TANAMAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL PULAU JAWA SEBAGAI SUMBER BAKTERI PENGHASIL ANTIBIOTIK

Bacterial endophytes in trees are potential source to obtain new antibiotic producers that have not been widely studied until now. This study aims to obtain bacterial endophytes isolates in the tissue of twig trees in National Park Banten, Indonesia Germplasm Garden (The Bogor Botanical Gardens), Cilacap Nusakambangan Island, Kaliurang National Park, Meru Betiri National Park Jember, and Baluran National Park, Situbondo. This selection was based on the growth ability in liquid nutrient, GY (glucose and yeast-extract), and antibiotic-3, and the ability to obstruct indicator microbes, such as Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Fusarium oxysporum. The selection result is obtained eight isolates that have inhibitory effect more than 4, such as BIN-1, KLP-1, OOH-1, STG-1, CMB-2, STL-1, MTG-1, and PPH-1. Based on chromatography method on various eluents, it is obtained three superior isolates, i.e OOH-1 ,STG-1, and CMB-2. Thus, this shows that bacterial endophytes in trees constitute potential sources for screening new antibiotic producers.

PREDICTING HABITAT DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC AND CRITICALLY ENDANGERED DIPTEROCARPUS LITTORALIS IN NUSAKAMBANGAN, INDONESIA

ROBIANSYAH, I. 2017. Predicting habitat distribution of endemic and critically endangered Dipterocarpus littoralis in Nusakambangan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 - 18. - The tree species Dipterocarpus littoralis (Bl.) Kurz. is endemic to Nusakambangan and categorized as critically endangered. In the present study, the habitat suitability of the species in Nusakambangan was predicted using logistic regression analysis and Maxent model. Three topographic variables (elevation, slope, and aspect), distance from river and coastline, and one vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) as well as two water content indexes (Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)) were used as predictors of the models. Employing initial number of 82 presence and 250 absence data of D. littoralis, both models were able to predict the suitable areas for the species with fairly high success rate. The AUC and Kappa value for logistic regression were 0.77 ± 0.027 and 0.34 ± 0.058, respectively, while the respected values for Maxent were 0.91 ± 0.062 and 0.37 ± 0.025. Logistic regression analysis identified a total area of 26.13 km2 to be suitable for D. littoralis, while a smaller suitable area (7.85 km2) was predicted by Maxent model. Coastal areas in the west part of the island were predicted by both models as areas with high suitability for D. littoralis. Furthermore, distance from coastline and river, elevation, NDVI, NDWI and NDMI were suggested to be very important for the species ecology and distribution. The results of this study may serve as a basis for population reinforcement and reintroduction programs of D. littoralis and guide for ecosystem management of Nusakambangan Island as a whole.

Population Genetics of the Critically Endangered Species Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume (Dipterocarpaceae) Endemic on Nusakambangan Island, Indonesia

Background Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume is a critically endangered dipterocarp species found only on Nusakambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia. Patterns of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of adults and saplings in two extant populations (Kali Jati and Solok Besek) were estimated using ten microsatellite markers. Results A total of 39 alleles was found, with two and four alleles being unique in adult and sapling populations, respectively. Allelic richness and heterozygosity was similar between adult (Ar = 3.00; He = 0.423) and sapling (Ar = 3.25; He = 0.441) populations.Inbreeding coefficientsin saplingswere positive in both populations and statistically significant in Kali Jati, while those in adult populations were not significantly different from zero, indicating excessive inbreeding and selfing in the sapling populations. Genetic differentiation of the sapling populations (FST = 0.036) was slightly lower than in the adult populations (0.050), but only significantly so for saplings.Conclusions This study revealed that D. littoralis has low genetic diversity in both adults and saplings. Similarly low values in allele richness and heterozygosity suggest that reductions of population size have been ongoing for long periods in this species. Significant genetic differentiation between sapling populations but not adult populations indicates that recent fragmentation is further accelerating the isolation process.

The 2006 July 17 Java (Indonesia) tsunami from satellite imagery and numerical modelling: a single or complex source?

SUMMARY The Mw 7.8 2006 July 17 earthquake off the southern coast of Java, Indonesia, has been responsible for a very large tsunami causing more than 700 casualties. The tsunami has been observed on at least 200 km of coastline in the region of Pangandaran (West Java), with run-up heights from 5 to more than 20 m. Such a large tsunami, with respect to the source magnitude, has been attributed to the slow character of the seismic rupture, defining the event as a so-called tsunami earthquake, but it has also been suggested that the largest run-up heights are actually the result of a second local landslide source. Here we test whether a single slow earthquake source can explain the tsunami run-up, using a combination of new detailed data in the region of the largest run-ups and comparison with modelled run-ups for a range of plausible earthquake source models. Using high-resolution satellite imagery (SPOT 5 and Quickbird), the coastal impact of the tsunami is refined in the surroundings of the high-security Permisan prison on Nusa Kambangan island, where 20 m run-up had been recorded directly after the event. These data confirm the extreme inundation lengths close to the prison, and extend the area of maximum impact further along the Nusa Kambangan island (about 20 km of shoreline), where inundation lengths reach several hundreds of metres, suggesting run-up as high as 10–15 m. Tsunami modelling has been conducted in detail for the high run-up Permisan area (Nusa Kambangan) and the PLTU power plant about 25 km eastwards, where run-up reached only 4–6 m and a video recording of the tsunami arrival is available. For the Permisan prison a high-resolution DEM was built from stereoscopic satellite imagery. The regular basin of the PLTU plant was designed using photographs and direct observations. For the earthquake's mechanism, both static (infinite) and finite (kinematic) ruptures are investigated using two published source models. The models account rather well for the sea level variation at PLTU, showing a better agreement in arrival times with the finite rupture, and predict the Permisan area to be one of the regions where tsunami waves would have focussed. However, the earthquake models that match the data at PTLU do not predict that the wave heights at Permisan are an overall maximum, and do not predict there more than 10 m of the 21 observed. Hence, our results confirm that an additional localized tsunami source off Nusa Kambangan island, such as a submarine landslide, may have increased the tsunami impact for the Permisan site. This reinforces the importance for hazard assessment of further mapping and understanding local potential for submarine sliding, as a tsunami source added to usual earthquake sources.

ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE INDIRECT RISK OF NATURALLY OCCURING MERCURY AND CADMIUM THROUGH Mugil Sp. AND Geloina sp. CONSUMPTION IN SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM

Estuarine ecosystem of Segara Anakan is located in south coast of Central Java, shielded from Indian Ocean by Nusakambangan island. The ecosystem of Segara Anakan estuary, Central Java, Indonesia, is influenced by fresh water inflow from Citanduy river basin and Indian sea water mostly by tidal actions through the western opening. The runoff materials continuously entering Segara Anakan from Citanduy catchment area, which geologically consist of weathering products of quarternary volcanic rocks from Galunggung mountain, West Java. Therefore various natural heavy metal contaminants are bound to the estuarine sediments, redistributed and accumulated within the ecosystem. In the present work, the effects of environmental stresses to mercury and cadmium abiotic distribution, and their availability to biotic ecosystems were studied, and consumers indirect risk assesment was carried out. In the laboratory scale studies on the distribution of mercury and cadmium in an estuarine simulation of water-field sediment, it was observed that the metal distribution coefficient decreases as the salinity and the acidity of the medium increases. Monitoring results confirmed that the highest levels of Hg and Cd in water and sediment samples were obtained in dry season. Consequently, the highest levels of Hg and Cd in biotic ecosystem, represented by Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., also obtained in dry season. The body burden of Hg in people of Segara Anakan villages, as indicated by the levels in hair and mother milk samples, taken at the end of the study (dry season 2004), were relatively low, but the levels of Cd in mother milk samples were significantly higher than that of control samples of Jogyakarta (P = 0.05). Consequently, the risk quotient for babies were exceeding the FAO/WHO PTWI. Based on the risk assessment carried out for babies and adults, at the present time it is advisable to consume Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., taken in wet season only and not in dry season. Keywords: mercury, cadmium, estuarine, risk, distribution