Objective: To explore the clinical effect of psychosocial nursing in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The sample of this study included 100 elderly patients with COPD who were admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. They were divided into a research group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The patients in the two groups received essential nursing intervention, and those in the study group received psychological nursing intervention along with it. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), quality of life score, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results: After the nursing intervention, the HAM-A score and HAM-D score of the research group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the quality-of-life score and the nursing satisfaction of the research group were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Psychosocial nursing for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can enhance their emotional well-being, quality of life, and satisfaction with nursing care, demonstrating its potential for broader application and adoption.