Nurses In Psychiatric Hospitals Research Articles

Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Psychiatric Hospitals in Oman: A cross-sectional multi-centre study.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against nurses in Oman's psychiatric hospitals and explore associated factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2021 and included all tertiary mental healthcare hospitals in Oman (Al Masarra Hospital and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman). The participants completed a sociodemographic survey and a questionnaire on WPV in the health sector. A total of 106 participants (response rate = 80.3%) were included in this study. Most were female (52.8%) and Omani (72.6%) and aged 30-39 years. WPV prevalence was high (90.6%), with verbal (86.8%) and physical violence (57.5%) being the most common types. WPV incidents were more frequent on weekdays (26.4%) and during morning shifts (34%), while 81.1% of the nurses worked in shifts and had direct physical contact with patients (83.0%). The majority (92.5%) were aware of standardised WPV reporting procedures and 89.7% confirmed the presence of such procedures in hospitals. WPV was more prevalent among nurses in inpatient wards (P = 0.047). WPV against nurses in Omani psychiatric hospitals is alarmingly high. Future studies should investigate contributing factors among healthcare providers and emphasise violence prevention by providing staff nurses with effective training to handle violent incidents involving psychiatric patients.

Psychiatric Home-Visiting Nurses' Views on the Care Information Required of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses.

The "construction of a community-based comprehensive care system for mental disorders" has been promoted in Japan. However, nurses in psychiatric hospitals do not intervene with community resources and support networks in Japan. This study aimed to determine the care information required by home visit nurses from psychiatric hospital nurses. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine psychiatric home-visiting nurses, and content analysis was performed to analyze the data. Findings revealed 319 narratives about the information that psychiatric home-visiting nurses seek from psychiatric hospital nurses, which were classified into six main categories. Information needed for home-visiting nurses to provide care includes the following : 1) to build trust with home-visiting service users, 2) to help home-visiting service users live according to their wishes, 3) to help home-visiting service users continue treatment in the community, 4) to perform symptom management, 5) to provide family care, and 6) to protect the safety of home visiting nurses during home visits. Nurses in psychiatric hospitals should communicate this information to nurses who provide psychiatric home care. This will improve the quality of continuing care for home care users and support their recovery in community living. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 162-168, February, 2024.

Burnout and associated factors among nurses in psychiatric and general tertiary hospitals in Botswana: A cross-sectional study.

Research has consistently documented that nurses are at a higher risk for developing burnout syndrome due to the nature of their jobs. The high prevalence of burnout among nursing staff negatively affects healthcare delivery. Nurses experiencing burnout cannot provide quality care or actively participate in health promotion, and those experiencing emotional exhaustion are unlikely to be able to tend to the emotional needs of patients. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with burnout syndrome among nursing staff in Botswana referral general and psychiatric hospitals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 249 nursing staff working in a referral psychiatric and general hospital. The job satisfaction survey, Maslach burnout inventory, and the OCEAN-20 were used to assess job satisfaction, burnout occurrence, and personality traits, respectively. A researcher-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to capture demographic data. Variables identified to be associated with burnout on bivariate analyses were entered into a regression analysis to determine to what extent these factors predicted burnout. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment was 65.7%, 56.9%, and 54%, respectively. Being in a general hospital, neuroticism, poor operating condition, and poor communication predicted emotional exhaustion, R 2 = 28%, F (9, 229) = 9.937, p < 0.001. Depersonalization was predicted by neuroticism and poor operating conditions, R 2 = 17%, F (9, 229) = 4.709, p < 0.001. Reduced personal achievement was significantly predicted by the number of people in the household, time at the current hospital, agreeableness, and nature of work, R 2 = 21%, F (7, 203) = 7.875, p < 0.001. Our findings highlight the need for interventions to be developed to address burnout among nursing staff to optimize healthcare delivery.

Types of action orientation of primary nurses in building relationships with their patients in forensic psychiatric hospitals

Types of action orientation of primary nurses in building relationships with their patients in forensic psychiatric hospitals Abstract. Background: Building interpersonal relationships with patients is one of the most elementary tasks of mental health nurses in forensic psychiatric hospitals and should be considered as the core of their professional identity. The attitude of forensic psychiatric nurses has a substantial impact on building relationships even though this is often not immediately obvious as an implicit concept. Research question: Which types of action orientation of primary nurses characterize the building of relationships with their patients in forensic psychiatric hospitals? Methodology: To record the collective orientations of nurses, two group discussions were held with eight participants. The evaluation was carried out based on the documentary method. Results: Four types of orientations could be grouped into a generalizable basic typology. The focus is set on the relationship as a necessary precondition for successful cooperation with the patient. Honesty and mutual trust are significant features. Conversations about everyday topics facilitate relationship building. Openness and a genuine interest in the patient are equally as important as the definition and maintenance of personal boundaries. Conclusion: Implicit, action-oriented attitudes of forensic psychiatric nurses should be reflectively accessed in order to define professional relationships and maintain their boundaries. To achieve this, nurses need to have a structured framework to facilitate self-reflection and self-awareness. The goal is the systematic development of personal and interactional competences.

Work-schedule management in psychiatric hospitals and its associations with nurses' emotional exhaustion and intention to leave: A cross-sectional multicenter study

BackgroundManaging nurses' work schedules in hospitals is challenging because employer needs, like shift changes at short notice and overtime, may conflict with nurses' desires for a predictable and stable schedule. Nurses should have a certain degree of control over their work schedules, and their supervisors should support their needs in scheduling. How perceived control over work schedules, perceived support from supervisors in scheduling, shift changes at short notice, and overtime affect nurses' emotional exhaustion and intentions to leave has not been studied. ObjectivesThe aims are (1) to describe perceived control, perceived supervisor support, shift changes at short notice, and overtime among nurses in psychiatric hospitals; (2) to assess the variation of these four factors between units at psychiatric hospitals; and (3) to investigate the association between these factors with nurses' emotional exhaustion and intentions to leave. DesignCross-sectional survey study. Setting(s)Swiss psychiatric hospitals with 24-hour services. ParticipantsRegistered nurses (N = 994) from 114 adult-inpatient units. MethodsTo describe perceived control, perceived supervisor support, shift changes at short notice, and overtime among nurses, we calculated frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations of their responses to the survey. To assess the variation between units, we computed intraclass correlations for the four factors. We constructed random-effects models accounting for the clustering of nurses in units for emotional exhaustion and intentions to leave separately. ResultsPerception of work-schedule control was 3.32 (SD 1.39, range 0–5); perception of supervisor work-schedule support was 3.28 (SD 1.14, range 0–4). On average, 9 % of the nurses had to take over a shift at short notice at least three times per month, and 40 % worked at least 15 minute overtime on their most recent shift. Intraclass correlation for all four factors was higher than 0.05. Emotional exhaustion was significantly associated with supervisor support and overtime, and leaving intentions were significantly associated with perceived control, supervisor support and overtime. ConclusionPerceived control, perceived supervisor support, shift changes at short notice, and overtime are promising factors for interventions to prevent nurses' emotional exhaustion and allay their intentions to leave. Unit managers should provide nurses with increased predictability and influence on their work schedules. This could reduce early career endings and early retirement and counteract nurse shortages.

Factor Analysis in the Implementation of Early Warning System Documentation in Psychiatric Hospitals

Introduction: An early warning system (EWS) is a tool to rapidly identify patient deterioration and prevent adverse events. However, the implementation and documentation have not been carried out optimally. This study aims to analyze factors related to the implementation of EWS documentation in a psychiatric hospital in Malang. Methods: The study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was all nurses in the intensive care unit of the hospital, with a total sample of 60 respondents selected using a proportional random sampling technique. Data collection used demographic data questionnaires, workload questionnaires, and observation sheets for the implementation of EWS documentation of patients through the hospital management information system. Analysis of the data used the chi-square test. Results: Implementation of EWS documentation was significantly related to workload and EWS training (p&lt;0.05). Implementation of EWS documentation was not related to age, gender, education level, years of service, employment status, and work shift (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Nurses with light workloads and who had attended EWS training created good documentation successfully (100%). Hospitals need to review their management in planning, developing, and fostering nursing resources, especially the provision of continuous training accompanied by equitable EWS monitoring for nurses in psychiatric hospitals.

Attachment Style, Affective Temperament, and Psychological Distress among Mental Health Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The nursing staff is more likely to experience drastic stress, which can compromise their physical and mental health and affect the quality of their work. This study aimed to assess the attachment type and affective temperament in connection to the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric hospital nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey utilizing a convenience sample population of 100 nurses who served on the front lines during the COVID-19 outbreak. The key findings showed that most nurses reported moderate attachment anxiety, moderate affective temperament, and mild psychological distress. It is crucial to offer nurses psychological support during COVID-19 through various channels.

Effects of Credentials, Competence, Career Levels and Professionalism on the Satisfaction among Nurses in Psychiatric Hospital, Surakarta Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Job satisfaction among nurses may be influenced by competency, education, income level, or the work environment, such as the type of facility, management, professional or career deve-lopment, and access to resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of credentials, competence, career levels, and professionalism on the satisfaction among nurses in mental hospital. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from September to October 2022. A sample of 215 nurses from 22 Surakarta Mental Hospital was selected for this study. The dependent variable was satisfaction of nurses. The independent variables were credential, competence, career levels, and profesionalism. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multivariate linear regression. Results: Education master or doctor (b= 0.05; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.15; p= 0.02), income (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.78; p= 0.04), competence (b= 1.20; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.32; p= 0.002), career levels (b= 1.08; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.35; p= 0.007), professionalism (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.10; p= 0.005) increased satisfaction and it was statistically significant. Credentials (b= 1.11; 95% CI= 0.006 to 0.67; p= 0.08), increased satisfaction, but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Job satisfaction among nurses increases with high career levels, good competence, good professionalism, good credential, education ≥Diploma III, and high income. Keywords: career levels, competence, credential, job satisfaction, professionalism, nurse. Correspondence:Suminanto. Masters Program of Management, Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta, Indonesia. Jl. Agus Salim 10, Sondakan, Laweyan, Surakarta, Central Java 57147. Email: mr.nannto@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 812-2606-925. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2023), 08(01): 23-29 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2023.08.01.03

A Survey on the Perception of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses on Patient Safety

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the patient safety status and patient safety education contents and methods perceived by nurses working in psychiatric hospitals.Methods: Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire for psychiatric hospital nurses who had worked for more than one year. A total of 157 questionnaires were filled and were used for analysis using descriptive statistics. Open-ended questions about the contents and methods of patient safety education were classified by each researcher and a reclassification was conducted by consensus through discussions.Results: Overall, 142 nurses (90.4%) experienced patient safety accident during the previous 1 month. Among those who experienced a patient safety accident, profanity, violence, and aggression-related accident counted for the highest percentage (82.8%). The demand for education on workplace stress management and education on psychiatric medication were the highest. Required education methods included case-by-case education on patient safety accidents, regular and continuous education, and small-scale face-to-face education.Conclusion: In the future, it is necessary to actively utilize the results of this study as basic data for in-depth research on the causes of patient safety accidents, accident prevention, and the workload of nursing personnel.

Workload and Burnout Among Nurses of a Public Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: For many people who work in the nursing profession, a large part of their work involves emotional (psychological) and physical stress. The work environment of psychiatric hospitals imposes a high level of stress to staff due to dealing with patients with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, there is a negative attitude in the society towards patients with mental disorders and mental hospitals. Therefore, it is possible that psychiatric hospital nurses suffer more problems. In this study, workload and burnout have been investigated as two important factors affecting health among nurses working in a psychiatric hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total sample of 82 nurses working in Iran psychiatric hospital was included and participated in the survey. Demographic information questionnaire, Maslach burnout questionnaire and NASA-TLX index were used for data collection. Results: The depersonalization subscale had the highest score in the burnout variable and the mental stress subscale had the highest score in the workload variable. The results of this study showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between workload and emotional fatigue as well as workload and depersonalization and also no correlation was found between workload and individual performance. Conclusion: This study shows that workload, emotional fatigue and depersonalization have positive correlation. In addition, the mental stress subscale had the highest score in the workload variable. Further attention to workload and burnout of the nurses in psychiatric hospitals is suggested and future large and multi-center studies on the topic are necessary.

Clinicians’ Approach to Cognitive Impairment After Electroconvulsive Therapy: Current Situations and Challenges

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for severe refractory mental diseases. Widespread cognitive complications have affected the acceptance of this treatment. Despite current evidence of short-term cognitive impairment, long-term cognition consequences are less determined. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical approach of psychiatrists, psychiatry residents, and nurses in psychiatric hospitals to the necessity, method, and frequency of cognitive assessment in candidate patients for ECT. Methods: In this descriptive study, 89 professional members of Roozbeh and Razi hospitals, Tehran, Iran, including nurses, residents, and faculty members of psychiatry, were selected using the purposive sampling method. The research questionnaires were sent, and 58 fulfilled questionnaires were sent back. The data were analyzed using central indicators and statistical dispersion. The designed questionnaire included the items related to the specialists’ views on the necessity of post-ECT cognitive evaluations, best batteries, frequency of performing the tests, and other related domains. Results: After close follow-up, 58 out of 89 participants completed the questionnaires, including 17 psychiatrists (29.3%), 20 nurses (34.5%), and 21 psychiatry residents (36.2%). The results were analyzed and interpreted in detail. The average work experience of respondents in the psychiatry field was 6.89 years (range: 1 - 25 years). Additionally, 97% of the specialists did not have any project in the ECT field and cognitive disorders. More than 80% of the participants believed that cognition evaluation is necessary for ECT-candidate patients; however, only 15% of the specialists referred patients for the assessment. Moreover, 43% of the experts recommended the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; nevertheless, nearly 26% of the experts recommended the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System for the cognitive assessment of these patients. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was recommended by 20% of the experts. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents believed that a proper assessment should be carried out in about 30 minutes. More than 60% of the experts believed that patients should be evaluated before receiving the first session of ECT, and nearly one-third of the experts recommended only a post-ECT evaluation. More than half of the experts believed that ECT should be discontinued in case of severe cognitive impairment after ECT. Alternatively, less than 30% of the experts believed that it is necessary to make changes in the treatment dose and the interval between sessions. Furthermore, 80% of the experts recommended cognitive rehabilitation for patients with significant cognitive impairment after ECT; nonetheless, less than 20% of the experts recommended treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor. Conclusions: A large percentage of patients do not undergo a comprehensive cognitive assessment before ECT, which is an important challenge in the estimation of post-ECT cognitive decline. There is a need to design inexpensive and sensitive tests for cognitive assessment. The test could measure different cognitive domains and be acceptable in terms of time. Due to the limited number of specialists working in this field, the frequency of assessment and treatment methods after the identification of cognitive disorders are heterogeneous. Therefore, it is required to design a native and practical guideline. These results could help the researchers design future studies to determine the best method of cognitive evaluation after ECT, appropriate batteries, recommended intervals, and treatment decisions after cognitive decline detection.

Exploring Experiences of Workplace Violence and Attempts to Address Violence Among Mental Health Nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Workplace violence has emerged as a global phenomenon requiring immediate attention. The nursing profession is primarily affected, and the unique vulnerability of nurses to workplace violence is particularly evident in the field of mental health nursing. This study explores the experiences of mental health nurses with work-related violence and attempts to combat this violence in the context of inpatient mental health facilities in Saudi Arabia. This research comprises a qualitative exploratory study consisting of semistructured interviews with 16 participants using open-ended questions. The participants are psychiatric/mental health nurses with experience in the field, so this methodological approach facilitates a detailed investigation of their encounters with workplace violence. This study reveals that nurses experience violence in accordance with two main themes and subthemes: experiences of workplace violence, the influence of violence on work settings, and efforts required to combat violence. Data show that these participants consider of prime importance access to training to increase safety through knowledge, improved communication, and protective skills, along with adequate staffing and a safe built environment. The research findings confirm the urgency of addressing the needs of mental health nurses in inpatient psychiatric hospitals. Policymakers in the healthcare field must be aware of the inpatient psychiatric care climate and the need for support from those who staff these areas of practice. Training in specialized knowledge and skills is required to ensure a safe work environment as well as appropriate staffing levels, and a safe built environment. These conditions may be required to recruit and retain mental health nurses capable of providing best-practice care.

Psychometric Properties of the Grit-S in Chinese Nurses.

Grit, as a positive psychological trait, could affect the stability of nursing workforce and nurses’ physical and mental health continuously. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) with fewer items than the original Grit Scale was widely used to measure individual trait-level grit. However, the psychological properties of Grit-S among Chinese nurses have not been verified. A self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to investigate 709 Chinese nurses in the study, and Grit-S, Big Five Inventory-44, Brief Self-Control Scale, 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and Task Performance Scale were adopted to collect information of grit, personality, self-control, resilience, and work performance. The confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to verify the psychometric properties of the Grit-S. The results demonstrated that the Grit-S had sound validity and reliability among Chinese nurse samples and had good measurement invariance across nurses in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The results of this study provide confidence in using the grit measurement among Chinese nurse in the future.

Patient Participation in Pro Re Nata Medication in Forensic Psychiatric Care: Interview Study with Patients and Nurses

Pro re nata (PRN, as-needed) medication is commonly used in forensic psychiatric inpatient care, but little is known about the participation of patients in its prescription and administration. This study describes patient participation in PRN medication treatment in forensic psychiatric inpatient care. Data were collected during interviews with 34 inpatients and 19 registered nurses in a Finnish forensic psychiatric hospital. The data underwent inductive content analysis. We found that patient participation in PRN was related to patients’ individual needs and health conditions, and the use of PRN involved private decisions made in the social context of the ward. PRN was an integrated part of daily care, and it involved three stakeholders, namely patients, nurses, and physicians; however, the role of patients in this collaboration was undefined. The administration events for PRN were multiform, and depended on the level of agreement between patients and nurses on the need for PRN. In the future, more attention should be paid to how to motivate patients and provide them with equal opportunities to be involved in the planning of PRN, and to optimize shared decision making so that the expertise of both patients and nurses is utilized in the administration and evaluation of PRN.

Psycho-Educational Program to Improve Knowledge and Performance for Nurses Working with Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with specific characteristics that may constitute some obstacles for the therapeutic relationship. Aim of the study was to investigate the effect of psycho-educational program to improve knowledge and performance for nurses working with schizophrenic patients. Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Psychiatric and Mental Health Hospital in Benha city, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt Sample: A convenient sample technique was used to select 80 nurses. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used in this study; I- Structured interview questionnaire which included demographic data and professional characteristics of the studied nurses, II: Knowledge questionnaire and III: Management of schizophrenic patients’ checklist. Results: The majority of nurses had unsatisfactory level of total performance towards schizophrenia before program implementation. While after program implementation, three-quarters of nurses had satisfactory level of total performance towards schizophrenia. Conclusion: There was a marked improvement in nurses’ knowledge and performance with schizophrenic patients care post implementation of psycho-educational program with highly statistically significant difference between pre and post implementation of psycho-educational program. Recommendation: Designed educational program for nurses in psychiatric and mental health hospital; it would provide a framework for nurses' role for schizophrenicpatient care.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Level of Stress among Staff Nurses working in Psychiatric and Multispeciality Hospitals, Bangalore

With a view to assess the level of stress among staff nurses working in psychiatric and multi specialityhospitals, a non- experimental comparative study with descriptive approach was undertaken among 120Staff Nurses. Simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting the staff nurses. The result revealedthat 56.7% moderate stress in psychiatric hospital nurses and 65% in multispeciality hospital nurses arehaving severe stress level.

Psychiatric hospital nurses' attitudes towards trauma-informed care.

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject? Research indicates many clients using mental health services have trauma histories. Consequently, mental health professionals must be aware of the impact of trauma and of how they can avoid retraumatizing service‐users. Care delivered with this awareness is known as trauma‐informed care (TIC).There is little research on attitudes towards TIC. To date, only one study explored these attitudes among MHNs exclusively. Additionally, a richer understanding of TIC attitudes using methods like in‐depth interviews is needed. It is unclear whether knowledge of TIC results in more favourable attitudes. What this paper adds to existing knowledge? MHNs in this study had little knowledge of TIC but expressed overall favourable TIC attitudes. Traumatic histories were not appreciated as causes of challenging behaviour. On rehabilitation wards, clients come to be perceived as family members and this makes it harder for MHNs to not take challenging behaviour of clients personally. MHNs face work‐related traumas which interfere with their ability to provide TIC. What are the implications for practice? Findings of this study can be used to guide plans to implement TIC in psychiatric hospitals. Policymakers are called to appreciate that ensuring MHN well‐being on the workplace will facilitate their delivery of TIC. TIC training initiatives for MHNs must stress the importance of acknowledging traumatic histories as causes of challenging behaviour and of maintaining professional boundaries with long‐term clients. This would benefit service‐users by ensuring MHNs are more trauma‐informed. More research on attitudes towards TIC among MHNs is needed. IntroductionQuantitative studies exploring trauma‐informed care (TIC) attitudes have not used samples made up exclusively of mental health nurses (MHNs). Qualitative methods were sparingly used.AimTo examine nurses' TIC attitudes at a psychiatric hospital.MethodA mixed‐method design was used. One hundred and thirty‐six MHNs completed the Attitudes Related to Trauma‐Informed Care scale. Data were analysed using inferential statistics. A focus group interview among ten MHNs ensued. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsMHNs demonstrated favourable TIC attitudes. Ambivalent attitudes for the subscale “Causes” were identified. MHNs employed for less than 5 years at the hospital and those in acute settings displayed more favourable attitudes on some subscales. Three themes “Awareness,” “Unhealthy boundaries” and “Inhibition” emerged from qualitative analysis.DiscussionChallenges uncovered in the provision of TIC include the unacknowledged impact of trauma on challenging behaviour among MHNS, the influence of blurred professional boundaries with long‐term clients on the cycle of perpetuated trauma identified by previous research and MHNs work‐related traumas.Implications for practiceIdentified challenges to TIC integration among MHNs can facilitate the implementation of TIC in hospitals. TIC educational packages for MHNs should acknowledge traumatic histories in the aetiology of challenging behaviour and stress the importance of maintaining professional boundaries with clients.

Sleep disturbance and its association with quality of life among psychiatric nurses in China.

BackgroundSleep disturbance is associated with a number of negative adverse outcomes. This study examined the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its association with demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life (QOL) in psychiatric nurses in China.MethodsThis is a multi-center, cross-sectional study involving 11 psychiatric hospitals in China. Three types of sleep disturbance (difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) and early-morning awakening (EMA)) and QOL were measured by standardized questions or instruments.ResultsA total of 1,847 psychiatric nurses participated. The overall prevalence of at least one type of sleep disturbance was 71.5% (95% CI [69.3–73.5]); the prevalence of DIS, DMS and EMA was 58.5% (95% CI [56.2–60.8]), 53.7% (95% CI [51.4–56.0]) and 54.6% (95% CI [52.3–56.9]), respectively. Nurses with sleep disturbance had significantly lower QOL in physical (F(1, 1,846) = 219.12, P < 0.001), psychological (F(1, 1,846) = 72.18, P < 0.001), social (F(1, 1,846) = 37.57, P < 0.001) and environmental domains (F(1, 1,846) = 95.45, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that shift work (DIS, OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.28–1.98]; DMS, OR = 1.2, 95% CI [1.001–1.54]; EMA, OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.02–1.58]) and alcohol use (DIS, OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.46–2.32]; DMS, OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.43–2.23]; EMA, OR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.33–2.07]) were positively associated with sleep disturbance, while higher monthly income (DIS, OR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.38–0.75]; DMS, OR = 0.7, 95% CI [0.51–0.98]) was negatively associated with sleep disturbance.ConclusionSleep disturbance was common among nurses in psychiatric hospitals in China, particularly those on shifts and having alcohol use. Health authorities should develop effective measures to reduce risk of sleep disturbance in this population.

Does workplace violence, empathy, and communication influence occupational stress among mental health nurses?

Workplace violence is a major cause of occupational stress among mental health nurses, particularly those working in acute care. This study investigated the occurrence of occupational stress among mental health nurses in psychiatric hospitals and explored whether workplace violence, empathy, and communication skills influenced occupational stress levels in this population. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the Chinese Nursing Work Stress Scale, Workplace Violence Scale, Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Health Professions version, and Nurses' Clinic Communication Competence Scale were administered to 539 mental health nurses from three top-grade tertiary research hospitals in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The analysis revealed a high level of job stress (3.06±0.69) and a moderate prevalence of workplace violence (6.21±2.94) existed among participants when compared with among other nurses. Meanwhile, participants' empathy (114.78±15.99) and communication (4.31±0.60) abilities were similar to or higher than those of other nursing populations. Mental health nurses with varying years of practice experience distinct levels of job stress. A linear regression analysis revealed that, while practice years (β=0.104; P<0.05) and workplace violence (β=0.264; P<0.01) aggravated occupational stress levels, empathy (β=-0.147; P<0.01) facilitated reductions in stress. Results suggest that reducing workplace violence and improving empathy in therapeutic relationships can limit the pervasiveness of occupational stress among mental health nurses. Having both psychological support and organizational support after a violent incident is essential, and the importance of professional education should be stressed.

The Influence of Supervisor and Co-Worker Social Support Towards Resilient Self-Efficacy of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses

The standard and complexity of nurse job tend to create heavy burden for nurses in performing nursing duties. The current study aimed to examine the influence of social support from supervisors and co-workers towards the resilient self-efficacy of psychiatric hospital nurses. The participants were 70 psychiatric hospital nurses in Surabaya. The study used Social Support Scale and Resilient Self-efficacy Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that supervisor and co-worker support simultaneously had a significant influence on psychiatric hospital nurses’ resilient self-efficacy (F = 32.837; p&lt;0.05) with contribution of 35% (R2 = 0.3528). Hypothesis testing showed that when given separately, supervisor social support did not influence psychiatric hospital nurses’ resilient self-efficacy (r=0.089; p &gt; 0.05). However, co-worker social support significantly influenced psychiatric hospital nurses’ resilient self-efficacy even when given separately (r=0.558; p &lt; 0.05). This study concluded that compared with supervisor social support, co-worker social support significantly influenced psychiatric hospital nurses’ resilient self-efficacy.