Number Of Street Children Research Articles

Advokasi Sosial Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Identitas Anak Di Yayasan Bina Anak Pertiwi

Social advocacy is carried out to provide change by defending victims of injustice. One of the social problems is the number of street children which increases every year. Children spend their time on the streets, without complete identification as their civil right, so it is difficult to be identified. Therefore, the Pertiwi Child Development Foundation provides social advocacy services to assisted children to achieve child welfare. This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of social advocacy carried out by the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation in fulfilling the right to identity and analyze obstacles in social advocacy. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation with a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the implementation of social advocacy in fulfilling children's rights to identity at the Bina Anak Pertiwi Foundation includes identifying problems, formulating solutions, building awareness and political will, implementing policies, and evaluating. The inhibiting factors for social advocacy are lack of funding and lack of human resources. The supporting factors are external and internal parties who are able to work together in the relief process.

EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN LUAR SEKOLAH TERHADAP SELF ESTEEM ANAK JALANAN; A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Street children are individuals who are prone to earn a living or live along the road and often get negative stigma by the community. Street children have lives that are vulnerable to various problems, such as: sexual abuse, drug trafficking, child exploitation, etc. The phenomenon of street children is in the spotlight for the community, this is because the number of street children is increasing from time to time. There are previous studies which reveal that street children have low self-esteem. The purpose of this study is to find out and explore further about the effectiveness of out-of-school education programs to increase the self-esteem of street children. The making of this research uses a systematic literature review study method. The results obtained in the discussion show that educational programs outside of school, such as shelter homes, moral and spiritual guidance, skills training, etc. can increase self-esteem in street children.

The Significance of a Community Institution on Education of Street Children in Semarang City

: It is difficult to care for street children in the city of Semarang. It is a large problem in all Indonesian districts and cities. Children living on the street are a vulnerable and marginalized minority whose advantages are difficult to quantify over time. Even while there is a legal foundation for dealing with street children, doing so is not straightforward. There are too many street children for each to be revealed individually. Socially, street children interact with a variety of social components, including their parents, the Social Service, the Police, NGOs that provide help, the shelter environment, the coordinator's supervisor, and contemporaries who are not just children but also adults. The number of children living on the streets rose substantially. The number of street children in Semarang city was 55 in 2015, 192 in 2016, 383 in 2019, and 255 in 2021. In 2021, the number of street children is projected to decline to 255. The rising distribution area population in the city of Semarang becomes challenging to manage. Together with the non-profit NGO called as Anantaka, 15 children living on the streets and their families participated in a participatory urban assessment to determine the efficacy of this strategy. The findings of the mentorship indicate that street children's ability for learning is still inadequate, despite the fact that the NGO that assists them have been active for decades. Children who do not have a consistent schedule hinder the learning process, while parents are unable to assist their children's education since they must make a living. The local government has made every effort to empower street children, but their enormous number and widespread dispersion have restricted its reach. Children living on the streets are trapped in a cycle of poverty that has not been much altered.

Effect of Economic Hardship, Deprivation and Peer Influence on Street Children in Khartoum, Sudan

Many children have fled their households to find employment and shelter in Khartoum, Sudan. The absence of the basic needs has forced the children to take to the streets where they feel they have better opportunities to survive in their impoverished state. This situation may have made these children vulnerable to risks such as exposure to vice activities as well as victimisation. One of the ways to survive challenges of the street life is to make friends with other street children and in some instances, the children become part of a larger group or syndicate. To address the challenges faced by street children, the study investigates the influence the street peers may have on the children’s behaviour. A total of 12 marketplaces in Khartoum State and its three municipalities, namely, Khartoum, Omdurman, and North Khartoum (Bahri), were selected in the current study as these localities have large numbers of street children. Using geographical clusters of the areas, followed by a systematic sampling technique, 330 street children were chosen as the sample size of the study. The questionnaire survey was used to obtain data from the respondents, the data collected in 2017. The data analysis tool used SPSS 22. The study reveals that street children in Khartoum take part in varying kinds of maladaptive behaviours and peer influence is found to be the determinant of these behaviours. The study suggests that targeted interventions by social welfare agencies and non-profit organisations should be made to ensure the safety and future of these children.

Performance Analysis of the Medan City Social and Cemetery Service (Case Study: Guidance for Street Children)

Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province which is also concerned about the fate of street children. The number of street children in Medan City is significant enough to be considered as one of the social problems of the community. The local government of Medan made a concerted effort to eliminate street children in the city. The main purpose of the author's research is to find a means of providing training for street children. The authors of this paper investigate a qualitative analytical approach. While the descriptive analysis of the spoken words and observable behavior of the people being studied is the data analysis technique used. Based on the research findings, the data obtained from direct questions and answers to informants were analyzed, resulting in five elements of government functions as follows: (1) Service provision as a concept has been formulated adequately, but they lack the necessary facilities to support it, because only one has training facilities. (2) In terms of regulation, the City of Medan does not yet have a special regional regulation for street children; On the other hand, street children are only one of the studies contained in the Medan City Regulation Number 12 of 2008 concerning Social Order. (3) The coordination of the review is quite good, as can be seen from the joint raids by the Medan City Social and Cemetery Service, as well as other agencies that took to the streets together. (4) Representatives, members of the DPR who represent the people, who cooperate with the Medan City Social and Cemetery Service, and who receive special funds from the DPRD according to a special budget for the development of street children. (5) Development, the Social Service, and the Medan Cemetery, only have one forum, namely LBK, the latest condition is far from being maintained, and there has been no work on social problems at LBK until the end of this research. The burial of street children in Medan City in fostering development activities, among others, the construction of additional houses being built, and the need for understanding and support from all components of society and the government to resolve or at least reduce the problem of street children.

A Qualitative Exploration of Street Children Life in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the light of Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

The number of street children is increasing at alarming rate in the country. The several composite factors drive these children to the street life where they are confronted with the numerous threats. This study proposed to explore the root causes alongside the risks connected with street life. A qualitative study design was used to interview 50 street children from 5 hotspot sites of Peshawar, which includes Haji Camp Adda, Gulbahar, Karhano Market, University Town and Firdous Bazaar. This study is based on Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory focusing on the quality and context of the child's environment. There are two types of street children available, on and off the Street children. The determinants included strict parenting style, orphan by father, large family size and backing family. The negative attitude of society, physical and sexual abuse, weather conditions, health and hygiene and long working hours are the high rank factors. Such the challenges and exposure adversely affect child personality and development. Constitution guaranteed basic rights of free and compulsory education and a dire need to provide a safe and protected environment with a comprehensive social rehabilitation and reintegration program for street children

People's People with Sexual Behavior in Street Children

Street children are children who are excluded, marginal, and excluded from the treatment of affection. Until now the number of street children in Indonesia continues to decline. In 2015 there were 33,400 children, in 2016 there were 20,719 children and in 2017 there were 16,416 children. Objective this research to determine the relationship of the role of peers with sexual behavior in street children. This research used a descriptive correlation method with cross-sectional approach. Data analysis used frequency distribution analysis, Kendall's tau_b with a significance level of 5%. There results was a relationship between the role of peers and sexual behavior as indicated by Kendall's tau_b calculation, obtained by Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.013 <0.05 ,. The role of peers in street children in the Karanganyar region was in the bad category of 9 respondents (63.3%), and for sexual behavior in street children in the Karanganyar region in the bad category there were 12 respondents (40%). This conclusion is a relationship between the role of peers and sexual behavior as shown by Kendall's tau_b calculation, obtained Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.013 <0.05, a sign that there is a relationship between the role of peers and sexual behavior in street children in the Karanganyar region. Recommendation for further researchers, they can research other factors that influence sexual behavior in adolescents and add more samples.

Legal and Institutional Coverage to Street Children in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The numbers of street children are estimated to be 1.5 million in Pakistan. Being an urban phenomenon, the pool is increasing day by day and simultaneously increases manifold vulnerabilities to violence, abuse, exploitation, etc. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has established legal and institutional structure to respond towards street children. However, the effective use of these institutions is yet to be made. There is a dearth of information on the subject; this study was conducted to evaluate the perception of Child Protection Experts regarding protection, welfare and rehabilitation system for street children in Peshawar. A Qualitative study using a structured interview format with predefined themes was conducted in 20 Child Protection Experts (KPCWC, CPUs, UNICEF, Social Welfare, Zamung Kor, Dost Welfare Foundation and SPARC). This study is based on Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory focuses on the quality and context of the child's environment. Most of the experts explained that legislative framework is present to protect the street children rights; however, there are several legal and Institutional loopholes and a need of strong political and government determination to respond to the subject of street children by strengthening the legal and institutional framework that require government commitment to respond in a sustainable manner rather than Adhoc basis.

PERANAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN EKSPLOITASI TERHADAP ANAK DI KOTA BENGKULU BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

Abstract: The problem of child exploitation is considered widespread in the community because there are many children employed as road workers. There are no age restrictions for families whose economy is insufficient to employ their children to support the economy. Bengkulu City is one of the areas where there are child problems that are quite worrying. The number of street children in Bengkulu City on highways such as Simpang Lima, Simpang Jam, and other locations shows that there are problems in the lives of children in Bengkulu City, efforts by the local government to overcome the crime of child exploitation in the city of Bengkulu. The government is responsible for providing free education and/or support or special services to children from disadvantaged families, neglected children, and children in remote areas.Keywords: local government; child exploitation

MANIFESTASI PROGRAM KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL ANAK (PKSA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL ANAK JALANAN DI RUMAH SINGGAH ANAK MANDIRI (RSAM) YOGYAKARTA

Fenomena anak jalanan merupakan salah satu permasalahan krusial yang menyertai proses pembangunan. Dinamika kehidupan anak jalanan yang identik dengan budaya kemiskinan, dianggap menyimpang dari fungsi sosial anak karena berbagai aktivitas yang dilakukan di jalanan. Selama 9 tahun terakhir, Kementerian Sosial telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan, strategi dan Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (PKSA) yang bertujuan untuk memberdayakan dan memenuhi kebutuhan anak yang hidup di jalanan, namun demikian upaya tersebut dipandang belum berjalan secara optimal. Gaung �Gerakan Sosial Menuju Indonesia Bebas Anak Jalanan� sebagai bagian dari PKSA masih �asing� terdengar, meski data statistik menunjukkan penurunan jumlah anak jalanan realitanya masih banyak anak jalanan yang melakukan berbagai aktivitas di sudut-sudut kota seperti di traffict light, stasiun-stasiun, terminal dan di sekitar pusat-pusat perbelanjaan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa program-program perlindungan dan pelayanan anak jalanan belum berjalan secara efektif dan belum terintegrasi dengan baik.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana manifestasi PKSA dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial anak jalanan di Rumah Singgah Anak Mandiri (RSAM) Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Setelah data terkumpul maka teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan seleksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Agar hasil penelitian dapat dipercaya maka dilakukan triangulasi guna menguji keabsahan data penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan PKSA di RSAM Yogyakarta memiliki dampak yang positif bagi anak jalanan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tercapainya kebutuhan dasar anak jalanan yang menjadi binaan, tercapainya pendidikan dasar anak jalanan karena sebagian besar anak jalanan bisa kembali bersekolah, dan berkurangnya waktu anak berada di jalanan.
 
 Kata kunci: PKSA, Kesejahteraan Sosial, Anak Jalanan, RSAM.

Children accused of witchcraft in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Between structural and symbolic violence

In this paper I consider the phenomenon of the “child-witches” in Lubumbashi (Katanga, DRC) as the result of the intertwine of two dynamics: the accusation of children within the sphere of the family and the large number of street children in Congolese cities. On the one hand, witchcraft accusations within the family tend to work in two ways: as a mode of childrenʼs subjugation, exerted especially by pastors in neopentecostal churches; and as a “pragmatic of uncertainty” that allow Congolese families to deal with uncertainties of life, such as sickness, suffering, marital problems, failure, and death. On the other hand, children in the streets of Lubumbashi suggest a witchcraft discourse linked to the symbolic violence that should be read in terms of boundaries, margins, and liminality: street children are associated with witches because they have transgressed basic social norms and they live out of the ordinary social networks (kinship, family, school). In this vein, I propose an ethnographic approach which takes into account the multiform feature of the “child-witches” highlighting the importance of the everyday practices and ordinary objects in family ties definition and witchcraft accusations.

Commitment to Church of the Poor in Service at the Cinta Orang Miskin Foundation, Surabaya


 Research on the commitment of the poor at the Cinta Orang Miskin Foundation is motivated by the reality of academic and practical gaps. From an academic perspective, researchers have never found the commitment of the poor at the Cinta Orang Miskin Foundation, even though the number of poor people is committed for the church to thrive. Currently the number reaches 1,300 people. On a practical level, this research wants to explore the decisions of these poor people to find out their commitment to involvement in the Cinta Orang Miskin Foundation (COM), which is served by Pastor Gunawan Setiadarma in Surabaya, East Java, which has experienced significant growth from 23 congregations to 1,300 people. . The problem of poverty is a problem that is being faced by the nation (nations in the world in general. The Indonesian nation itself cannot be separated from the poverty problem. The economic crisis that occurs within the Indonesian nation has an impact on all aspects of people's lives. It can be seen from the existence of people who live in poverty, live in slum environments, and the number of children (street children who are scattered in cities (cities in Indonesia). During this economic crisis, the number of street children in Indonesia increased drastically.

The Phenomenon of Street Children in Criminology Studies (Study in Sambiroto, Semarang)

This research is motivated by the many irregularities that occur in urban areas such as the city of Semarang, for example the number of street children. This observation is done by jumping directly to the destination that is on Sambiroto Street, Semarang. There are various kinds of jobs for street children who sell newspapers, provide services to wipe the windshield when passing on the street and sell newspapers. The purpose of this observation is to find out what lies behind these children or adolescents as street children, and to study and analyze internal factors, such as within the scope of the family that makes them street children. To find out their work while on the streets, whether they work for themselves or told by others. The method used in this observation is using qualitative methods. Data collected by in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. After the data has been collected, data analysis is carried out through the stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of these observations show that the main factor that caused them to go to the streets is because of the family's economic limitations, so they voluntarily or with their own initiative to go into the streets by working on the streets. While on the road they often interact with other street children so that they eventually form a group or even a community. Interaction is woven for a specific purpose such as working together when plunging into the road.

Population Size Estimates of Street Children in Iran: Synthesis of Multiple Methods.

We used four methods (direct count, indirect count, wisdom of the crowd, and unique object multiplier) to map and estimate the population size of street children in six major cities in Iran in 2017. In aggregate for the six cities, the number of street children was estimated at 5296 (interquartile range [IQR] 4122-7071) using the median of the four methods. This corresponds to a rate of 16.3 (IQR 12.5-24.5) per 10,000 children age 5-18years old, or 3.2 (IQR 2.4-5.3) per 10,000 total population. The total number for street children in the country is estimated at 26,000 (IQR 20,239-34,719) children. Results can help policy-makers advocate for resources, plan programs, and evaluate the reach of programs for street children. The maps created through the course of the population size estimation exercise can also guide outreach efforts to provide street children with health and social welfare services.

The Role of Social Worker in Developing Information Needs among Street Children (A case study in Surabaya Indonesia)

Information needs among children is interesting topic because the way they looking for information are difference with adult. Usually children require assistance from certain person to help them finding the right and valid information. In the case of street children who living in social institutions, social worker role is very important to help then finding information because most of street children have no formal education, so they need to directed at finding and retrieving information to develop their knowledge. The number of street children in Surabaya increasing every year, this condition forced Surabaya Social Service to implement appropriate strategies to reduce the problems related to street children. Ones were through the assistance from the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) "Kampung Anak Negeri" staff in Surabaya. The aim of this research is to describe the role of social worker in developing information needs of street children in UPTD Surabaya. Data in this research was collecting using questionnaire. The research method is quantitative descriptive with total population (32 people) become respondent, consisting of all street children (15 children) and social worker (17 person) in UPTD "Kampung Anak Negeri" Surabaya. The result show that social worker in UPTD Surabaya have a potential role in developing information needs among street children, especially when they playing as facilitator and educator roles. Social worker support street children to find information that as many 9 (60%) street children mostly need information related to their hobbies (such as music, sports). Around 13 (76.5%) social workers provide an opportunity for them to disclose that information, and for more aware and independent in the process of finding information 12 (70.6%) social worker teaches street children a strategy to obtain appropriate information like visit the library or using the internet (with permission). According to 12 (70.6%) social worker, the ability of street children to finding information is still dependent on social worker role as facilitator and educator. But, the social worker role as community representatives and technical, become a supporting role for the success of finding information that street children needs..

Pattern of Drug Abuse among Street Children of Dhaka: Inhalants are the Most Popular Drug

Background: Number of street children has been rising in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, in recent years and also the prevalence of substance abuse is increasing among these children.Objective: This research work focuses on understanding street children’s perception/attitudes towards substance abuse.Materials and method: For this study, an inquiry based, self-administrated questionnaire was generated and a survey was conducted by authorized, trained persons. A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this initial research work.Results: Studying respondents from two major areas of Dhaka, it came out that sniffing dendrite is the most popular adhesive/inhalant among children because of its easy availability. For these children, the initiation process of sniffing adhesives starts as a part of street culture introduced by peers (87.5%, n = 70), for getting accepted into social street gangs. Thus, these children started drug abuse as a mean of endurance along with a little pleasure/escapism, even for a while to survive within the harsh reality of street life. Data from this initial study were used to build a topological-model of present/oncoming consequences/threats of substance abuse with suggested routes of social/medical interventions. The most encouraging fact is that understanding the adverse consequences of drug abuse, most of these children wanted to quit drug abuse (70%, n = 56) and wished for a better life.Conclusion: It is believed that this model would help in implementing measures for systematic drug abuse cessation for long-term rehabilitation programmes for these children, ensuring every child’s right to have a secured, healthy life.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 29-34

Libraries and Development of Disadvantaged and Marginalized Communities in Namibia

This paper will present concepts, methods, and preliminary findings from a study of three regional libraries (i.e. Ohangwena, Omaheke and Oshana) in Namibia. While Omaheke region has the second lowest literacy levels in Namibia and is home to the San people who are also most marginalized community in Namibia, Gobabis - the Omaheke capital, is ranked at number three on the scale of towns with the highest number of street children. Ohangwena region on the other hand leads in teenage pregnancies, and high rates of reported HIV cases as well as drug abuse. Since the HIV problem is affecting mostly the most energetic section of the society, (i.e. the youths), its impact in Ohangwena is mostly felt on the socio-economic development of the region. Oshakati region, also known as the capital city of the North is known to have been the most densely populated of all the regions in Namibia. This population boom has resulted in a number of socio-economic and environmental challenges, which again have direct bearing on the socio-economic development of the country. The Government of Namibia, with funding from the United States Government constructed the libraries in these three cities specifically to address the challenges of low literacy levels and to support development initiatives of the communities in the three regions. The libraries were opened in 2014, and were equipped with the latest state of art technology to ensure maximum efficiency in information delivery to both urban and rural communities alike and to support these communities to address in full the aforementioned challenges. This paper is going to analyze the two years’ operations of these three libraries in relation to the objectives of their establishment. This paper will focus on five key areas: The background to the establishment of the regional libraries; How have these libraries faird in stimulating social networks and addressing community development agenda in the respective towns and regions; Lessons learnt; Key challenges facing these libraries; The way forward for these libraries. Our concept of development comes from Walter Rodney’s book How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Asset-Based Community Development comes from the Northwestern University scholars John McKnight and John Kretzmann who argue that even a poor community has assets, and development must rely on those insider assets. The paper will look at Glocalization in the same light as was discussed in a study of Evergreen Educational Foundation’s digital divide project in China’s Gansu province (Yan Hui 闫慧 et al) who see glocalization as a process whereby those far from a community collaborate with people inside a community to help with development. Root Shock is the idea that we experience community-wide disorientation and grief when we lose visual and institutional anchors in our community (Mindy Fullilove). Various parties in our study each experienced a degree of Root Shock. We hope to break new ground for the next phase of African library work and African development and provide insights for other developing countries as well. Three of us were/or are managers of the libraries in the study. The methodology of this study will be an Issues Ethnography, in which it will use: 1) repurposed program data, 2) program documents, and 3) the memories of the three librarians.

Comparative analysis of outreach work with street children in Latvia, Czech Republic and India

Based on available statistics, the number of street children is increasing not only in Europe but also around the world. Street children in the world now number 700 million children who are living below the poverty line, which is attributable to income. In the U.S. street children numbers range from a million to two million – 82% of these children are involved in the drug trade. Number of street children in Latin America is steadily increasing too per year, and approximately 12,500 street children are working [16].India purportedly has one of the highest concentrations of street children in the world, with UNICEF estimating their numbers to be as high as 11 million [9].To find out the true numbers and to investigate what was involved in street children's lives, outreach work experiences in Latvia, Czech Republic and India collected statistical data, summarized studies and conducted qualitative research. The qualitative research was conducted in Latvia, India and Czech Republic. In Czech Republic 5 outreach social workers in Hradec Kralove city were interviewed and in Riga 2 social workers who work in different Day Centres were interviewed and asked for their opinion. In India qualitative information about outreach work with street children was conducted together with identified outreach work programs.

CONTRIBUTION OF SELECTED FAMILY FACTORS TO THE INFLUX OF STREET CHILDREN IN NAKURU MUNICIPALITY

An unprecedented rise in the number of street children in the last decade has raised concern in Kenya. Numerous and complex socio-economic factors have been attributed to the rising presence of children on the streets. Therefore, this study purposed to investigate the contribution of selected family factors on the influx of street children in Kenyan towns with special reference to Nakuru Municipality which has a population of about 3,800 street children with 800 of these in rehabilitation centers. This was a descriptive survey that used an ex post facto design. Nakuru Municipality has eight active rehabilitation centers for street children. Five rehabilitation centers were randomly sampled to provide a sample of 100 street children and 5 managers. Self- response questionnaires and an interview schedule were used to collect the required data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the raw data. The main factors within the family such as family type, inability of parents to provide for their children, child abuse, parent’s drunkenness and poor parent- child relationship, have contributed a lot to the street children phenomenon. Family counseling can be used to assist the families of street children.

Using Social Indicators in Assessing Factors and Numbers of Street Children in the World

Many reports rely on the estimate that there are anywhere from 150 to 100 million street children in the world, although this figure has virtually no basis in empirical evidence. In this article, all the available data on the number of street children and relevant social indicators for 184 countries were gathered and statistically processed in order to produce a more reliable estimate. Aptekar (Cross-Cultural Research 28(3): 195–224, 1994) assumption on common denominators of countries with a high presence of street children was used as a starting point. The results show that there is about 10 to 15 million street children in the world. Two directions for future development are outlined: firstly, a more reliable and unified inductive approach for estimating the number of street children in individual countries is needed along with an appropriate methodological model and secondly, there is a need to create a global estimate of the number of all children living in the streets, which might be achieved by a similar methodological approach to the one used in this article.