Number Of RBC Research Articles

Light perception and related alternation of physiological performance in spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus

Light is one of the main environmental factors that affects the behavior and physiology of fish. In the present study, the behavioral responses, retinal histology, hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC], red blood cell [RBC], hemoglobin [Hb] hematocrit [Hct]), hepatic antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]) activity, aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histological alterations, apoptosis, and stress-related gene expression (hsp70, hsp90a, hsp90b) of spotted knifejaw were investigated under different light colors. The results showed that the residence time of spotted knifejaw plants significantly decreased under red and blue light stimuli but significantly increased under green light. Moreover, a positive and negative phototaxis of the spotted knifejaw under green and red lights was observed. However, retinal structure (relative thickness, cell number, and size) remained unchanged after red and green light treatment for 12 h. WBC and RBC numbers, Hb and Hct contents, hepatic SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, ALT and AST activities, and MDA levels were significantly increased after red and green light treatment for 12 h. Moreover, red and green light treatment caused hepatocyte vacuolization and nuclear migration and significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Hepatic hsp70, hsp90a, and hsp90b mRNA levels were significantly upregulated under red and green stimuli. Furthermore, the values of the above parameters under red light treatment were significantly greater than those under green light treatment. The aforementioned parameters nearly recovered to normal levels after the fish returned to normal light for 12 h. In conclusion, in spotted knifejaw, green light promoted attraction and red light avoidance, while red light could induce a more sensitive physiological response than green light. These findings expand the current knowledge on light perception and aid in the management of spotted knifejaw in captivity.

Evolution of refractory black carbon mixing state in an urban environment

The size distribution and hygroscopicity of the refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosol are critical properties for understanding its impact on human health, the extent to which the particles disperse through the atmosphere, and the effect that the particles have on clouds and the climate system. The hygroscopicity of black carbon is primarily controlled by the degree to which the black carbon cores are coated with other compounds. Here we show new measurements of rBC obtained from a single particle soot photometer at an urban location in Houston, TX, USA during the Department of Energy TRacking Aerosol Convection Interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) campaign. We classified rBC particles into uncoated, thinly coated and thickly coated, where the latter is defined as the optical coating thickness exceeding 10 nm. To understand how aerosol aging and the prevailing winds interact to affect rBC coatings, a slice of the size distribution with rBC core diameter 143–166 nm is considered. For this slice, the average coating thickness of thickly coated particles was 29 ± 8 nm. The rBC number concentration, the fraction of thinly and thickly coated particles, and the average coating thickness strongly vary with the wind direction. We found that onshore flows are associated with lower number concentrations, more thinly coated particles, and thinner coatings when compared to offshore flows. Diurnal profiles show that the fraction of coated particles increases during daytime, likely due to photochemical aging. The estimated fraction of rBC particles that may activate into cloud droplets at 0.1% and 1% water supersaturation was generally ∼0.6% and ∼9%, respectively. This suggests that substantial further aging is needed to precondition the majority of rBC particles for incorporation into cloud droplets.

Elevated mtDNA content in RBCs promotes oxidative stress may be responsible for faster senescence in men

BackgroundBoth we and others have found that RBC counts are significantly lower in older compared to younger. However, when gender is factored in, a significant age-related decrease of RBC counts is observed only in men but not in women. MethodsqPCR and confocal microscopy were used to detect the presence of mtDNA in RBCs. Flow cytometry and specific inhibitors were used to determine how RBCs uptake cf-mtDNA. The peripheral blood was collected from 202 young adults and 207 older adults and RBC and plasma were isolated. The levels of TLR9+RBCs and apoptotic RBCs after uptake of cf-mtDNA by RBCs were measured by flow cytometry. The kit detects changes in SOD and MDA levels after cf-mtDNA uptake by RBCs. Young RBCs (YR) and old RBCs (OR) from single individuals were separated by Percoll centrifugation. ResultsWe found a significant decrease in RBC counts and a significant increase in the RDW with aging only in men. We also found that significantly elevated mtDNA content in RBCs was observed only in men during aging and was not found in women. Further studies demonstrated that RBCs could take up cf-mtDNA via TLR9, and the uptake of mtDNA might lead to a decrease in the RBC number and an increase in RDW due to an increase of oxidative stress. ConclusionsThe RBC mtDNA content might be a potential marker of RBC aging and the elevated RBC mtDNA content might be the cause of faster senescence in males than females.

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LAYING QUAILS TO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT INTENSITY

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1st represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2ed ,3rd ,4th was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in the number of outgrowth and grown-up follicles for groups exposed to 25 and 45 lux light intensity compared to control and 0.6 lux. It was observed for the same groups an increases in the weight of the edible organs (heart, liver and gizzard). In addition, there was a clear increase in the number of RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and PCV levels, while the 25 and 45 lux groups showed a decline in the level of MCV with a raise in MCH and MCHC compared with the control and 0.6 lux. It conclude that the intensity of different lighting had positive effects in improving some reproductive and blood characteristics of female quail.

Hydroxychloroquine ameliorates immune functionality and intestinal flora disorders of IgA nephropathy by inhibition of C1GALT1/Cosmc pathway

Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has emerged as a potential and secure antiproteinuric agent in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This study endeavored to explore the impact of HCQ on the immune functionality and intestinal flora disorders in IgAN rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods IgAN model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats through the administration of BSA, LPS, and CCl4, and the IgAN rats received a continuous 8-week treatment with HCQ. Moreover, the human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) were incubated with IgA1 to establish an in vitro cellular model of IgAN. At the end of experimental period, samples were collected for further analysis. Results HCQ ameliorated the elevated levels of 24hUTP, SCr, BUN, the number of urinary RBC, and the activation of inflammation-related proteins within the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the IgAN rat group, there was a pronounced escalation in IgA deposition, mesangial matrix hyperplasia, and glomerular inflammatory cell infiltration, while the administration of HCQ effectively mitigated these pathological changes. In addition, the reduced production of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in the IgAN group was effectively reversed by HCQ. Furthermore, HCQ has the capacity to restore the compromised state of the intestinal mucosal barrier induced by IgAN and mitigate the circumstances of intestinal permeability and disruption in the intestinal flora. Conclusion HCQ diminishes IgA aberrant glycosylation levels, ameliorates renal and intestinal histopathological damage, and attenuates intestinal flora disorders and immune dysfunction in IgAN rats by means of activating the C1GALT1/Cosmc pathway.

To analyze the impact of Thermal- stress on the RBC number of Indian Major carp Catla catla (Hamilton)

To differentiate thermal-stress (het-stress and cold-stress) from thermal-adaptation (heat-adaptation and cold-adaptation), the fish species Catla catla were subjected to different temperature treatments - a rapid increase in temperature from 22°C to 32°C at a rate of 1°C per hour (heat-stress) and a gradual increase in temperature at a rate of 1°C per 60 hours (heat-adaptation) - During heatadaptation, the fish showed a gradual increase in RBC number, while in cold-adaptation, a gradual decrease was observed. However, the percentage of recovery was higher in heat-adaptation compared to cold-adaptation. Interestingly, both heat-stressed and cold-stressed fish initially exhibited fluctuations in RBC number. However, the percentage of recovery in stressed fish was considerably lower compared to the fish underwent thermal-adaptation. Studies of this nature are highly useful in evaluating methods for the safe rearing and conservation of economically important Ichthyofauna of the aquatic habitat.

Resveratrol Reduce the Severity of Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate. One of the complications of malaria is blood disorders. Hematological disorders such as anemia and thrombocytopenia are common in malaria infection. Resveratrol has been reported to have antimalarial activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol in reducing the severity of anemia and thrombocytopenia in Plasmodum berghei-infected mice. Methods: The study began with parasite inoculation in mice. After the mice were infected, and randomly grouped into negative control, chloroquine 20 mg/kg (positive control), and resveratrol with doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The mice's blood profile was measured on day 0 and day 4 using a hematology analyzer. Results: The results showed that after administration of resveratrol at various doses, the number of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets was higher than the control. Conclusion: It can be concluded that resveratrol can reduce the severity of anemia and thrombocytopenia in mice infected with P. berghei.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on Awassi Ewe’s Blood Parameters

The study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on blood parameters of Awassi ewes. Nine healthy ewes were divided into three groups, and Moringa leaf powder was given orally in concentrations of 0 g (control group), 10 g (T1), and 40 g (T2) two times a week for four weeks. The results showed that the treatment with Moringa leaf powder increased the Red Blood Cell number (RBC) in a time-dependent manner. Specifically, the RBC numbers (million/ml) were 7.68 ±0.26 in the control, 8.69 ±0.27 in T1 and 8.67 ±0.09 in T2 after two weeks of the treatment, and 7.89 ±0.28 in the control, 8.65 ±0.25 in T1, 8.57 ±0.05 in T2 after four weeks. Moreover, treating ewes with 10 g of moringa leaf powder increased significantly the hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and the Hematocrit (HCTP) in comparison to the control animals. HGB concentration (mg/ml) values were 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after two weeks, and 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1, 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after four weeks. While HCTP values (%) were 23.80 ±0.96 in the control, 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2 after two weeks, and 23.80 ±0.96 in the control. 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2, after four weeks. Interestingly, the biweekly doses of 10 g of the moringa leaf powder, significantly decreased the mean platelet volume (MVP) from 6.60 ±0.21 in the control animals to 6.03 ±0.09 in T1 animals after two weeks, and the monocyte concentration from 9.22 ±0.37 in the control animals to 7.65 ±0.14 in T1 animals. Yet, blood parameters analysis, did not reveal any effects of the moringa treatment on the other analyzed parameters, Corpuscular Volume Test (CVT), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), RDWP, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-a), platelet (PLT), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Lymphocyte (%), Granulocyte. (%). In conclusion, the study suggests that treating Awassi ewes with biweekly doses of 10 g of Moringa leaf powder could improve some of the blood parameters, such as RBC, HGB, HCTP. However, more studies are warrant to confirm these findings and determine the optimal dosage and duration of Moringa treatment.

Outcomes and Hospital Resource Utilization Associated with Decreased Ven Exposure in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Real-World Retrospective Review

Patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy are treated with hypomethylating agent (HMA) and Venetoclax (Ven). We previously reported outcomes on a cohort of our pts hospitalized for induction therapy demonstrating that the majority of pts required Ven exposure de-escalation. Despite its widely accepted clinical practice, no prospective study has evaluated the efficacy in retaining remission or the tolerability of less Ven exposure per cycle (cyc). Additionally, there is no study evaluating the effect of delaying treatment secondary to its myelosuppressive toxicities. We aim to present outcome data on a large cohort of all AML pts treated with HMA + Ven within our healthcare system. We queried Northwell Cancer Institute's electronic health records to identify all pts with AML who received at least one cyc of Ven and HMA between January 2019 and December 2022. Groups for analysis were created for pts who received at least 3 cyc of HMA and Ven based on the median Ven exposure days per cyc (≤ 14 days or ≥ 15 days) and the median days between cyc (≤ 34 or ≥ 35 days) excluding cyc 1 and 2. Median relapse-free survival (mRFS) and median event-free survival (mEFS) in months (m) were defined by ELN 2022 criteria. Pts who received allogeneic transplants (n=4) were excluded from survival evaluations. Kaplan-Meier (KM) method and log rank testing was used to compare time to event data. We identified 142 AML pts who received at least 1 cyc of Ven + HMA. Pts had an ORR of 42%, mEFS of 4m and mOS of 9.6m. The median age was 77. Only 76 pts received 3 or more cyc of HMA + Ven with mRFS 11.6m of and mOS of 20.6m. Of these pts, 39 had AML with myelodysplastic changes, 29 had De Novo AML and 8 had secondary AML. 75% of pts received HMA + Ven as first line treatment. Utilizing the 2022 ELN risk categories (Dohner et al, Blood 2022), 12 had favorable risk, 12 had intermediate risk and 52 had adverse risk. 93% had treatment regimen modifications by either reduced Ven/cyc or increased cyc intervals. All prognostic indicators appeared evenly dispersed among the groups. Pts with ≤14 days of Ven/cyc (n=35) had a median of 7 cyc (range 3-24) and remained on treatment for a median of 11.3 m. Meanwhile, pts with ≥15 days/cyc (n=41) had a median of 5 cyc (range 3-24) with a median of 10.1m on treatment. The ≤14 days of Ven/cyc group had significantly improved RFS (15.8m vs 8.7m) and OS (24.7m vs 11.3m) compared to the group of pts receiving ≥15 days/cyc (p <0.01). Additionally, there was a decrease in number of hospital days, RBC and platelet transfusions in this group compared to the ≥15 days/cyc group (figure 2). 66% of pts (n=50) required increased time interval between cycles. Both ≤ 34 and ≥ 35 days cyc interval groups completed median of 6 cyc. No significant difference was found in mRFS (11.6m vs 11.8m) or mOS (15.1m vs 21.8m). However, there was a reduction in hospital days, pRBC and platelet transfusions in the ≥ 35 day interval group (figure 2). The overall response rate, mRFS and mOS of all 144 patients seem to be decreased compared to reported prospective trials. This may be due to differences in frailty in our pt population. Although limited by the bias of retrospective analyses, our evaluation of pts outcomes demonstrates a statistically and clinically significant improvement in mRFS and mOS in pts with decreased Ven days/cycle. The majority of pts had Ven/cycle decreased by cycle 3 and most were intermediate or high risk. Our results also highlight the decrease in hospital resource utilization and transfusion needs in this group which may lead to improved quality of life and decreased costs. The ≤14days Ven/cycle group had improved survival compared to the VIALE-A and DEC10-VEN trial despite a larger proportion of our pts having adverse risk. We hypothesize that this improvement is likely multifactorial secondary to decreased mortality from higher Ven exposure, improved tolerance causing increased HMA exposure from timely dosage and from a theoretically possible decreased intracellular adaptive mechanisms generating resistance from continuous Bcl-2 inhibition. This emphasizes the need for continued reporting of outcomes of therapy with HMA/Ven. Additionally, due to the clinically significant improvement in mRFS and mOS, a prospective trial evaluating the efficacy, tolerability, and impact on quality of life of reduced Ven exposure/cyc should be considered.

Can Leukoerythroblastic Activation Indicate Coronavirus Infection?

The complete blood counting (CBC) parameters can, to a considerable extend, indicate health status of any patient. The blood parameters of 22 Coronavirus male pandemic victims are compared with their counterpart of male healthy individuals using unequal ANOVA biostatistics software. A significant drop (p≤0.002) in the number of WBC and an insignificant decrease (p≤0.06) in the hemoglobin percentage (Hb%) were detected in the Coronavirus victims in comparison with the healthy individuals. Simultaneously, the total numbers of RBC showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) representing leukoerythroblastic activation, while the blood platelets (PLT) were significantly (p≤0.001) dropped, respectively in comparison with counterpart control and those of international controls. These variations and fluctuation in the blood parameters above or below the normal ranges would indicate a clear health disorders in the coronavirus victims. It is concluded that CBC could well be utilized as a prognostic tool in the clinical laboratories prior sophisticated and costly measurements i.e. Biochemical, PCR and immunological testes.

Effect of Fenvalerate Toxicity on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters and Ameliorative Effect of Quinoa Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice

Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with moderate mammalian toxicity. It affects the central nervous system and is used for the control of flies and ticks in barns and stables. Exposure of this insecticide to humans occurs in the field. The present study was conducted to observe the toxicity of insecticide on biochemical and blood parameters after treatment with fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid and find out the possible protective role of Quinoa seeds in Swiss albino mice. The mice in this study were divided into 5 groups, and 6 animals were taken into each group. Group A control mice received vehicle distilled water only. Group B and C were administered with fenvalerate at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight respectively for 30 days. Group D was administered 12.5 mg/kg fenvalerate +25 mg/kg Quinoa seeds and Group E received 25 mg/kg fenvalerate +50 mg/kg Quinoa seeds. Fenvalerate treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT). Administration of Quinoa seeds along with fenvalerate resulted in a decrease in these biochemical values. A significant increase in the number of RBC, WBC and haemoglobin was observed in the fenvalerate-treated groups. The result suggests a possible protective role of Quinoa seeds on fenvalerate toxicity.

Effect of single-unit transfusion in patients treated for haematological disease including acute leukemia: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundRetrospective studies in hematological unit have suggested that single red blood cell (1-RBC) unit transfusion policy may reduce the number of RBC used without negative clinical impact. MethodAcute leukemia patients requiring intensive chemotherapy or patients receiving autologous or allogeneic transplantation were randomly assigned to receive either single RBC (1-RBC arm) or double RBC (2-RBC arm) per transfusion with a hemoglobin trigger of 8 g/dL. The primary composite endpoint was the percentage of patients experiencing serious complications, such as a non-hematological adverse event grade ≥ 3 or intensive care admission or death. FindingsA total of 981 and 592 RBC transfusions were required in the 1-RBC arm (n = 125) and the 2-RBC arm (n = 120), respectively. The mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels were 7.49 ± 0.83 g/dL in the 1-RBC arm and 7.46 ± 0.67 g/dL in the 2-RBC arm (p = 0.275). The predefined non-inferiority criteria was achieved with 28/125 patients reaching the primary endpoint in the 1-RBC arm (22.4 %) and 28/120 patients in the 2-RBC arm (23.3 %) (Risk difference 0.009; 95 %, Confidence interval [−0.0791 to 0.0978], p = 0.021). The median (IQR) of RBC units transfused per patient was 7 (4–12) in the 1-RBC arm and 8 (4–12) in 2-RBC arm. Hemoglobin levels at discharge were also comparable in both arms. InterpretationThe results of this trial indicate that a single RBC transfusion policy is not inferior to a double RBC transfusion policy for patients receiving a bone marrow transplant or intensive chemotherapy in a hematological intensive care unit. However, the single RBC transfusion policy did not reduce the number of RBC units transfused per stay. FundingThis trial was funded by a grant from the French Ministry of Health

Influence of two species of Ticks and Lice on some hematological parameters in black goats during spring and summer seasons in Sulaimani Governorate - Kurdistan region.

This study was carried out in Sulaimani province Kurdistan region-Iraq during the spring and summer seasons from April to September 2015 on 400 head of black goat Capra aegagrus were infected with ticks and lice, have been selected from different herds and regions were elonging to the districts and sub-districts of Sulaimani province, to identified and effect of their parasites on some blood values in the local goats. It has been diagnosed two species of hard ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus: R. sanguinaus and R. turanicus, its percentage 82.30% and 17.70% respectively, also have been diagnosed two species of lice: Biting lice is Damalinia capriae and other species Sucking lice was Linognathus stenopsis, its percentage 71.44% and 28.56% respectively. The results showed a significant difference P ˂ 0.01 in the infection rate between the spring and summer seasons where the total infection rate during the spring and summer seasons for ticks and lice: 32.25%, 19.75% respectively. As for ticks were more infections in the spring season and the least in the summer season, which were 44%, 20.5% respectively, whereas the infection rate of lice was more during the summer season and less during the spring season, which was 25.5% and 14% respectively. The study results showed presence of a significant decrease according to Chi-Square Test in the total number of red blood corpuscles RBC , the amount of hemoglobin Hb , packed cell volume PCV and the average weight of mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH in the goats that infected with the lice and ticks, that anemia in the goats that infected with the ticks was Microcytic - Hyperchromic anemia type , while in the goats that infected with lice , anemia was of the the type Normocytic - Hyperchromic anemia. Also identified a significant increase P ˂ 0.05 in the total number of white blood cells WBC in the goats that infected with lice and goats because of the significant increase in the number of Lymphocyte and Neutrophils while the the ratio of Eosinophil, Basophil and Monocyte was decreased in all infections as compared with the control samples.

Physiological response of spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) during transportation in offshore aquaculture net pen

Fish transportation is an important process during offshore fish farming. Plasma cortisol, glucose, hepatic and muscular glycogen, hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC], red blood cell [RBC], hemoglobin [Hb] hematocrit [Hct]), hepatic anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histological alteration, apoptosis and stress-related gene expression (mr, gr1, gr2, hsp70, hsp90a, hsp90b) of spotted knifejaw were investigated during land sea relay transportation to identify the main stressor and illustrate the underlying physiological response. Results showed that handling and transport stress significantly increased plasma cortisol and glucose contents, whereas hepatic glycogen decreased and muscular glycogen remained unchanged throughout the transport. WBC and RBC number, Hb and Hct contents, ALT and AST activities, MDA levels, and hepatic SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities exhibited similar trends to cortisol under handling and transport stress. Meanwhile, handling and transport stress induced hepatocyte vacuolization, nuclear migration, and hepatocytes apoptosis. Hepatic mr, gr1, gr2, hsp70 and hsp90a mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated under handling and transport stress. Handling stress accounted for 64.29% of the alternation of the above parameters throughout transport process. The aforementioned parameters recovered to normal levels after transportation for 72 h. These results indicated handling, not ship-transport stress was the main stressor of spotted knifejaw during land sea relay transportation, while stress-induced negative effects were alleviated after 72 h.

Effect of Low Dose (100mg/kg) of Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) on Hematology of Male Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

Aim: ZnONPs have been identified from a variety of perspectives, including organic chemistry and toxicology, and under these circumstances, they were deemed to be among the most lethal nanoparticles. The aim of present study to access the effect of low dose (Zinc Telluride) on hematology of Male Albino Mice. Method: Experiment was conducted for fifteen days and oral suspension of ZnTe (Zinc Telluride) was applied orally in the suspension form to male albino mice (Mus musculus). Two groups were devised as Treated and Control. Each group consisting of three treatment organisms. Two sample t-test was applied to evaluate the effects of ZnTe low dose (100mg/Kg) on albino mice (Mus musculus) hematocrit. Results: Results revealed that the number of WBC, GRA and LYM increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.46 and 0.44 respectively) while MON decreased non-significantly (p = 0.42). The number of LYM% MON% and GRA% decreased non-significantly (p = 0.52, 0.54 and 0.41 respectively) as compared to the control group (Table1 and 2). While our results depicted that the number of RBC% decreased highly significantly (p=0.0071) in treated animals but HCB and HCT decreased highly significantly (p = 0.0022 and 0.0028 respectively) in treated group as compare to the control group. Results observed for MCV MCH and PCT decreased non-significantly (p=0.060, 0.13 and 0.054 respectively) as compare to the control group. While number of MCHC, RDW-SD MPV and PDW increased non-significantly (p=0.50, 0.79, 0.18 and 0.16) in treated animals. Conclusion: It was also observed that there was no differences in weight gain in both control and treated group animals found. Further research is required to evaluate the long term effects of ZnTe on mammals and to investigate their remedies. Keywords: ZnONPs, ZnTe, Hematology, Male Albino Mice

Effect of syringic acid on steroid and gonadotropic hormones, hematological indices, sperm characteristics and morphologies, and markers of tissue damage in methyl cellosolve-administered rats

Methyl cellosolve (MTC) is an established gonadotoxic and hematotoxic compound that is commonly and universally utilized in herbicide, liquid soap, stain, dye, paint, and brake fluid manufacturing industries as a solvent. Due to its wide range usage, this study therefore investigated the effect of syringic acid (SYAC) on hematological indices, sperm characteristics and morphologies, and markers of tissue damage in MTC administered male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) rats divided into six groups were used. Rats in group 1 served as control, those in group 2 were administered MTC for 30 consecutive days, those in groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight of SYAC respectively also for 30 consecutive days immediately after each day MTC administrations, while rats in group 6 received 75 mg/kg body weight of SYAC only throughout. Compared with control, administrations of MTC resulted in a significant decrease in spermatozoa count, number of normal and live spermatozoa, Hb count, MCH, MCHC, serum TC, and LH, while number of abnormal spermatozoa, RBC and WBC counts, activities of serum AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, and ADH were significantly increased. Treatments with 25 mg/kg of SYAC significantly reduced the RBC and WBC counts, serum activities of AST, ALT, GGT, and increased TC concentration. Treatments with 50 mg/kg SYAC significantly lowered the number of abnormal spermatozoa, RBC count, activities of serum ALT, AST, LDH, ADH, and increased the number of normal spermatozoa, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, while 75 mg/kg of SYAC significantly decreased the serum activities of AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, ADH, and increased serum TC concentration. Findings from this study have revealed the hepatoprotective effect of SYAC at all doses investigated but did not confer spermatoprotection and hematoprotection against MTC-induced toxicities, and looking at the 3 doses investigated, 50 mg/kg of SYAC yielded the best effect.

Effect of material tramadol on some blood components of laboratory rats

The current study deal with the effect of tramadol injections on body weight and some blood components in 40 male laboratory rats, divided into four groups. The first group, G1 represents the control group. The second group G2 and the third group G3 were injected with a concentration of 20 and 40 mg/100 g of body weight, respectively, and the fourth group G4 was injected at a concentration of 80 mg / 100 g of body weight for ten days respectively. The current study results showed a significant decrease in the weights of rats injected with tramadol compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of RBC, PLT, MID#, and GRAN#, respectively. The concentrations of each of the following constants: HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed a significant decrease in their values; except for MCV, the decrease was not significant, and the results of this study also recorded a significant increase in the white blood cells count as well as the number of lymphocytes, and there was an increase in both RDW-CV & RDW-SD. Keywords. Body weight, tramadol, RBC, WBC, PLT.

Aerodynamic size-resolved composition and cloud condensation nuclei properties of aerosols in a Beijing suburban region

Abstract. The size-resolved physiochemical properties of aerosols determine their atmospheric lifetime, cloud interactions and the deposition rate on the human respiratory system; however most atmospheric composition studies tend to evaluate these properties in bulk. This study investigated size-resolved constituents of aerosols on mass and number basis, and their droplet activation properties, by coupling a suite of online measurements with an aerosol aerodynamic classifier (AAC) based on aerodynamic diameter (Da) in Pinggu, a suburb of Beijing. While organic matter accounted for a large fraction of mass, a higher contribution of particulate nitrate at larger sizes (Da>300 nm) was found under polluted cases. By considering the mixing state of refractory-black-carbon-containing particles (rBCc) and composition-dependent densities, aerosols including rBCc were confirmed to be nearly spherical at Da>300 nm. Importantly, the number fraction of rBCc was found to increase with Da at all pollution levels. The number fraction of refractory black carbon (rBC) is found to increase from ∼3 % at ∼90 nm to ∼15 % at ∼1000 nm, and this increasing rBC number fraction may be caused by the coagulation during atmospheric ageing. The droplet activation diameter at a water supersaturation of 0.2 % was 112±6 and 193±41 nm for all particles with Da smaller than 1 µm (PM1) and rBCc respectively. As high as 52±6 % of rBCc and 50±4 % of all PM1 particles in number could be activated under heavy pollution due to enlarged particle size, which could be predicted by applying the volume mixing of substance hygroscopicity within rBCc. As rBCc contribute to the quantity of aerosols at larger particle size, these thickly coated rBCc may contribute to the radiation absorption significantly or act as an important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This size regime may also exert important health effects due to their higher deposition rate.

Estimation of the predictive and diagnostic role of the new mathematical calculated rheological red blood coefficient

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the predictive value of a new complex parameter rheological coefficient of red blood, which is a calculated index of the following values: number of RBC, MCV, RDW, MCH. In this work, we investigated the rheology of the blood in a healthy population in villages of Sachkhere region, Georgia (Sareki, Sairkhe, Chorvila). To determine the validity of the rheological coefficient of red blood with another parameter that studies the rheological status of blood, we examined a group of patients with arterial hypertension. The rheological status was investigated using the "Georgian Technique" and compared with the rheological coefficient of red blood, i.e. we have determined the equivalence of these methods. The use of the rheological coefficient of red blood will increase the information content and expand the field of blood rheology research while reducing costs for the patient, hospital, and healthcare.

A comparative assessment of deep object detection models for blood smear analysis

A blood smear is a common type of blood test where blood sample is taken from a patient, smear is made from the sample followed by observation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. A pathologist carefully observes the sample and manually counts the number of RBC, WBC and platelets. This entire process from creating a smear to manually counting each element is tedious and susceptible to human errors. That is why, with the advancement of deep learning, various object detection techniques have become useful for automating the process and mitigating human errors in blood smear analysis. This work presents a comparative assessment of three different object detection models namely Faster R-CNN, EfficientDet D3 and CenterNet Hourglass, and presents their respective inference results. The three models have been compared using the COCO evaluation metrics to identify the best model performance for the given task. It is observed that out of the three models, the Faster R-CNN model performs the best in detecting WBCs and platelets in microscopic blood smear images with an average precision of 99.4%. Critical tasks like medical image processing require accurate predictions to prevent unintended ramifications. Therefore, while slower in terms of inference time, Faster R-CNN is the go-to model where accuracy is the priority. The work is also compared with the existing work in this domain to prove its efficiency.