Number Of Micro Research Articles

Disaster recovery and business continuity: A case of MSMEs in Dar es Salaam

A large number of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries operate in informal settlements. Most of these settlements exist in hazardous environment despite being affected by floods. This research discusses the scarcity of knowledge on the resilience of businesses operating in Kigogo flood-prone informal settlements in Dar es Salaam. It especially focusses on MSMEs. Although recovery of MSMEs has been intensively studied worldwide, in Tanzania it is downgraded. This article is set to bridge this glaring gap focusing on MSMEs recovery after floods. The research methodology employed quantitative research design by completing questionnaires through interviews. A total of 202 owners of MSMEs were interviewed. While content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, the research further employed a logistic unit model to analyse factors explaining recovery of MSMEs after floods. The study revealed a statistically significant association between the recovery of MSMEs and suitable plans for safeguarding business, personal savings, profit (saving from business) and government support. Other factors include family and friend’s support, business continuity training, longevity in business operation, pre-disaster mitigation measures, critical destruction to business facilities, and running several businesses. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat (SWOT) analysis of the business environment where MSMEs operate revealed a number of issues that inform policymakers, urban planners and environmentalists on what can be done to enhance recovery and hence promote sustainable development.Contribution: The study adds to the body of knowledge by drawing attention to factors that predict disaster recovery of MSMEs operating in flood-prone informal settlements.

A Strategic Synthesis of Orange Waste-Derived Porous Carbon via a Freeze-Drying Method: Morphological Characterization and Cytocompatibility Evaluation.

Porous carbon materials from food waste have gained growing interest worldwide for multiple applications due to their natural abundance and the sustainability of the raw materials and the cost-effective synthetic processing. Herein, orange waste-derived porous carbon (OWPC) was developed through a freeze-drying method to prevent the demolition of the original biomass structure and then was pyrolyzed to create a large number of micro, meso and macro pores. The novelty of this work lies in the fact of using the macro-channels of the orange waste in order to create a macroporous network via the freeze-drying method which remains after the pyrolysis steps and creates space for the development of different types of porous in the micro and meso scale in a controlled way. The results showed the successful preparation of a porous carbon material with a high specific surface area of 644 m2 g-1 without any physical or chemical activation. The material's cytocompatibility was also investigated against a fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3 cells). OWPC triggered a mild intracellular reactive oxygen species production without initiating apoptosis or severely affecting cell proliferation and survival. The combination of their physicochemical characteristics and high cytocompatibility renders them promising materials for further use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Marketing Strategy Analysis Using Swot And Qspm Matrix (Case Study On Guzzini Msmes)

The number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) participating in the marketplace continues to increase from 2020. This research aims to determine the condition of internal environmental factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) in Guzzini and analyze and identify the right marketing strategy to apply to Guzzini using the SWOT and QSPM methods. This research uses qualitative methods whose nature and research objectives are categorized into descriptive research. The research results based on SWOT analysis show that 6 (six) alternative strategies can be implemented, namely 1 (one) SO (Strengths-Opportunities) Strategy to seize opportunities and overcome weaknesses and face various threats, 2 (two) WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) Strategies to Minimize the company's internal weaknesses by exploiting Guzzini's external opportunities, 2 (two) ST (Strengths-Threats) Strategies to face or reduce the impact of external threats and 1 (one) WT (Weaknesses-Threats) Strategy to deal with threats that will be faced and reduce internal weaknesses. Determining Guzzini's strategy begins with understanding the strengths and weaknesses in Guzzini's internal environment and recognizing the opportunities and threats in Guzzini's external environment. Based on the SWOT analysis, six alternative marketing strategies can be used at Guzzini. Meanwhile, based on the QSPM analysis, the most suitable strategy is to carry out more creative promotional activities and reactivate offline and online stores simultaneously.

ASAS PENGAYOMAN DALAM SISTEM JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Aceh Qanun No. 8/2016 on Halal Product Guarantee System is based on the principle of protection. The principle of protection is a function of the Government of Aceh to protect the lives of all people, not only Muslims, but all other religious communities. In this case, the Government of Aceh tries to provide a guarantee of legal certainty for products consumed by the community. Based on the data found, there are 94 MSMEs in West Aceh Regency, but only 30 MSMEs have halal certificates. Based on this, there are two problems, namely the implementation of the principle of protection in the halal product guarantee system and how the form of Local Government supervision of the halal product guarantee system in West Aceh Regency. The research method used is empirical juridical which produces descriptive data regarding the Principle of Protection in the Halal Product Guarantee System in West Aceh Regency. The result of the research found that the implementation of the principle of penayoman by the Government of Aceh to provide legal certainty guarantees for products consumed by the public has not been maximized. This can be seen from the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises that do not have halal certificates that are still many. The application of the principle of protection that has not been maximised is also influenced by the supervision system that has not been maximised either. Supervision involves several institutions in the West Aceh District Government such as the Ministry of Religion and the Health Office. The main obstacle that occurs is the lack of funds allocated for this limited supervision so the supervision of halal products for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in West Aceh is not optimal

Linguistic Technopreneurship in Business Success Digitalization for Small Medium Enterprises in West Java: Implication for Language Education

The increase in borderless digital-based business competition shows how language education is impacted by neoliberalism in this global era. We explore how linguistic technopreneurship (LT) roles is increasingly constructed as a form of linguistic entrepreneurship to exploit language-related resources to enhance one's socioeconomic value strategically. This research aims to critically examine the influence of LT toward business success digitalization for Small Medium Enterprises in West Java and it’s implication for Language Education. The research also focusing on the creation of novelty, namely linguistic technopreneurship (LT), which is a refinement of entrepreneurial linguistics (EL). LT is expected to be able to explain how linguistic entrepreneurship can be indexed from two different aspects, namely how to package language education and digital business success. We then discuss under what conditions the notion of linguistic technopreneurship can be applied to digital platform-based business settings and what kind of contradictions this gives rise to. The method used is quantitative, and it involves carrying out SEM analysis. A non-probability sampling technique was used to obtain a minimum of 250 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Industry owners who run their businesses through digital platforms in West Java province, which is the province with the most significant number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Industries in Indonesia. The research results show that LT significantly influences the success of business success and impact the language education practice. It can be concluded that language education is an added value for a person and influences socioeconomic success.

Innovative monitoring scheme adapted to remote, scattered nesting aggregation reveals a major loggerhead turtle rookery in New Caledonia, South Pacific.

The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is a large marine turtle with a cosmopolitan repartition in warm and temperate waters of the planet. The South Pacific subpopulation is classified as 'Critically Endangered' on the IUCN Red List, based on the estimated demographic decline. This precarious situation engages an urgent need to monitor nesting populations in order to highlight conservation priorities and to ensure their efficiency over time. New Caledonia encompasses a large number of micro and distant nesting sites, localized on coral islets widely distributed across its large lagoon. Adequately surveying nesting activities on those hard-to-reach beaches can prove to be challenging. As a result, important knowledge gaps prevail in those high-potential nesting habitats. For the first time, an innovative monitoring scheme was conducted to assess the intensity of nesting activities, considered as a proxy of the population size, on an exhaustive set of islets located in the 'Grand Lagon Sud' area. These data were analyzed using a set of statistical methods specially designed to produce phenology and nesting activity estimates using Bayesian methods. This analysis revealed that this rookery hosts a large nesting colony, with a mean annual estimate of 437 nests (95% Credible Interval = 328-582). These numbers exceed that of the previous estimated annual number of loggerhead turtle nests in New Caledonia, highlighting the exceptional nature of this area. Considering the fact that similar high-potential aggregations have been identified in other parts of New Caledonia, but failed to be comprehensively assessed to this day, we recommend carrying out this replicable monitoring scheme to other locations. It could allow a significant re-evaluation of the New Caledonian nesting population importance and, ultimately, of its prevailing responsibility for the protection of this patrimonial yet endangered species.

Analysis of the Institutional Risk of The Halal Supply Chain in The Potato Chips Micro Scale using The SCOR Methods

Abstract The agropolitan city of Batu is ready to boost the number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) each year through its flagship product, potato chips. Throughout the supply chain, potato chips can change from halal to non-halal due to contamination by non-halal materials, production processes that do not comply with halal criteria (SJPH), and no separation of halal and non-halal products during storage and distribution. This research aims to illustrate institutional risks in the halal supply chain for the potato chip MSME cluster using the SCOR method. SSOP and GMP are added to strengthen the analysis. Key actors in the halal supply chain institution include suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. The study identifies several risky activities that threaten the halal integrity of potato chip products. Using the SCOR method for risk mapping in the halal supply chain institution resulted in 69 risk events and 70 risk agents. The potential risks in the halal supply chain for potato chips occur mainly at the manufacturer level (70% of the total risk events). They are most prevalent in the production process variable. The majority of risk agents in micro-scale businesses are related to the implementation of PPH, SJPH, SSOP, and food safety.

Study of the possibility of producing brine-ripened cheeses from frozen sheep’s milk

The article presents the results of a study of the quality indicators of brine-ripened cheeses produced from defrosted sheep’s milk. The objects of the study were natural and defrosted sheep’s milk, brine-ripened cheeses from this milk. The study of defrosted sheep’s milk (experiment) was carried out after 10 days of its storage at a temperature of –18 °C followed by defrostation at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C. The composition of natural sheep’s milk (control) was examined after storage for 24 ± 12 hours at a temperature of 4 ± 2 °C. It has been found that the freezing of milk and its subsequent defrostation did not have a significant effect on the milk solids content, the mass fraction of protein and fat, titrated acidity; however, the mass fraction of calcium decreased, on average, by 20%. Freezing milk did not significantly affect the total number of micro- organisms, including spore aerobic microorganisms and molds. A decrease in the number of somatic cells (from 3.0 to 4.5 times) was found. There were no differences between the control and experimental milk samples in the renneting ability. The level of syneresis of clots in the control sample was 16 ± 1% higher compared to the experimental sample. The cheeses were produced according to the traditional technological scheme of brine-ripened cheese using a production mesophilic bacterial starter culture. The control and experimental cheeses did not differ significantly in physical and chemical parameters. According to the degree of proteolysis, there were no significant differences between the control and experimental variants. In the experimental sample, a decrease in the buffer capacity of the cheese mass was noted in comparison with the control cheeses. The freezing of milk did not have a significant effect on the taste characteristics of the cheeses: in both variants, the cheeses were characterized by a weakly expressed cheese, fermented milk taste with original taste of sheep’s milk. More noticeable differences were found in the consistency of the cheeses. In the control version, the consistency was characterized as tender, slightly brittle; in the experimental version, it was less tender, but brittle and slightly powdery. The greatest deterioration in consistency was observed in the samples of frozen cheese made from natural milk after defrosting; it was characterized as brittle, powdery, crumbly.

Physico-mechanical, thermal insulation properties, and microstructure of geopolymer foam concrete containing sawdust ash and egg shell

Recently, energy conservation through building thermal insulation has gained significant importance in solving sustainability-related issues. In this context, this study investigates the potential for manufacturing geopolymer foam concrete (GFC) containing eggshell powder (ESP) and sawdust ash (SDA) using aluminium (Al) powder as a foaming agent. The role of Al-powder percentages on the mechanical and thermal properties of GFC was thoroughly investigated. The effect of ESP and SDA incorporation as partial replacements of precursors (from 0 to 20 %) on the thermal properties, durability, and microstructure of GFCs were also discussed. The experimental findings demonstrate that the bulk density and compressive strength of GFC with different Al-powder contents ranged between 1928 and 1798 kg/m3 and 17.45 and 9.37 MPa, respectively. The SEM images and MIP tests show that foams with different numbers of micro- and macropores are formed in GFCs. The ESP-based GFC had an apparent porosity range of 13.09 %–10.29 % and a bulk density range of 1823 to 1713 kg/m3. The SDA-based GFC had an apparent porosity range of 14.21 %–12.96 % and a bulk density range of 1834 to 1807.8 kg/m3. It was found that the 10 % ESP and 5 %, SDA mixtures enhanced the strength by 16.54 % and 4.45 %, respectively, compared to the control mix. The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of 10 % ESP-mixture and 5 % SDA-mixture were 1.237 and 1.167 W/(mK), 0.795 and 0.922 mm2/S, and 1.556 and 1.266 MJ/m3K, respectively. Finally, the residual strength and microstructure investigations demonstrate that ESP-based GFCs have more stability than SDA-based GFCs and the control mix when subjected to elevated temperatures.

Uji Pengaruh Faktor Kependudukan terhadap Keberadaan Pelayanan Jasa Ekspedisi di Desa / Kelurahan Kabupaten Bandung Barat

West Bandung Regency is a new district in West Java with a lot of potential, including a strategic geographical position on the West Java and DKI Jakarta crossing routes, natural resources and potential energy that provide added value, and adequate tourism resources. The existence of expedition service providers has a strategic role in improving the performance of the flow of goods to an area. Factors that significantly influence the existence of expedition services in the villages of West Bandung Regency in 2019 and 2020 based on the results of the t-student test are the number of private employees (p-val 0.005), the number of population aged 15-39 years (p-val 0.021), number of entrepreneurs (p-val 0.032), and number of micro and small industries (p-val 0.037). Other significant factors of the categorical variable based on the chi-squared test are District Location (p-val < 2.2 .10-16) and Main Source of Income (p-val 8.1 .10-16).

THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA

The micro and small industries play an important role in the growth of the national economy, as evidenced by the increasing number of micro and small business units every year and their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased revenue for micro and small industry players, forcing them to make efficiency measures in their business. To overcome this difficult situation, implementing e-commerce in micro and small industries is considered an important marketing strategy to maintain business continuity. In fact, only a few micro and small business actors apply e-commerce. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of e-commerce in micro and small industries, as well as the impact of e-commerce implementation on the performance of micro and small businesses in Indonesia. The data used in this study were secondary data from the 2019 survey of micro and small industries conducted by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the respondents were categorized into two groups: micro and small industries (SMI) that implement e-commerce and those that do not. The data was analyzed using propensity score matching. The study results showed that the implementation of e-commerce has a positive and significant impact on the performance of micro and small industries, namely an increase in employees, revenue, and business profit.

Models of Chemical Communication for Micro/Nanoparticles.

Engineering chemical communication between micro/nanosystems (via the exchange of chemical messengers) is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community. Although a number of micro- and nanodevices (e.g., drug carriers, sensors, and artificial cells) have been developed in the last decades, engineering communication at the micro/nanoscale is a recent emergent topic. In fact, most of the studies in this research area have been published within the last 10 years. Inspired by nature─where information is exchanged by means of molecules─the development of chemical communication strategies holds wide implications as it may provide breakthroughs in many areas including nanotechnology, artificial cell research, biomedicine, biotechnology, and ICT. Published examples rely on nanotechnology and synthetic biology for the creation of micro- and nanodevices that can communicate. Communication enables the construction of new complex systems capable of performing advanced coordinated tasks that go beyond those carried out by individual entities. In addition, the possibility to communicate between synthetic and living systems can further advance our understanding of biochemical processes and provide completely new tailored therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, ways to tune cellular behavior, and new biotechnological tools. In this Account, we summarize advances by our laboratories (and others) in the engineering of chemical communication of micro- and nanoparticles. This Account is structured to provide researchers from different fields with general strategies and common ground for the rational design of future communication networks at the micro/nanoscale. First, we cover the basis of and describe enabling technologies to engineer particles with communication capabilities. Next, we rationalize general models of chemical communication. These models vary from simple linear communication (transmission of information between two points) to more complex pathways such as interactive communication and multicomponent communication (involving several entities). Using illustrative experimental designs, we demonstrate the realization of these models which involve communication not only between engineered micro/nanoparticles but also between particles and living systems. Finally, we discuss the current state of the topic and the future challenges to be addressed.

PENGUATAN EKONOMI USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL MELALUI SERTIFIKAT HALAL “SELF DECLARE”

PPH or what can be called Halal Product Process Assistance in PDM Kudus is a community service activity where this service assists micro and small business actors in PDM Kudus City in order to assist in making or processing the halal products or services they have. The Free Halal Certification Program (SEHATI) is a program planned by the government and is free of charge, meaning it is free. This program is offered by the Ministry of Religion through BPJPH or commonly referred to as the body that administers halal product guarantees. The SEHATI program was initiated with the aim of being a strategy to accelerate the increase in the number of micro and small business actors to become halal certified. This service activity uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The PAR method was chosen because this service activity involves community participation, especially PDM members, in assisting activities regarding the halal product process in Kudus City. The business actors who are accompanied are business actors who become and take part in PDM (Regional Muhammadiyah Leadership) lectures with various kinds of food products. Mentoring activities apart from training micro and macro business actors, also assist micro and small business actors in filling out the SJPH Manual and filling in business actor statements via the SiHalal application. Apart from that, this assistance also helps small and micro business actors in PDM in inputting data into the SiHalal application, after which verification and validation are carried out on products or services registered in the SiHalal application in the SEHATI program. Based on this, the result of this service activity is obtaining halal certification for products or services by micro and small business actors in PDM Kudus City. This mentoring activity serves to obtain more added value and further guarantee a product or service that they are proposing to obtain a halal certificate through the SEHATI (Free Halal Certificate) program. Apart from that, the result of this service activity is to provide an explanation of the importance of halal certification. Apart from being able to guarantee the halalness of products, it can also be an economic booster such as increasing market share and increasing business competitiveness. Products will be more accepted in the market, especially among Muslim consumers who need halal products in both domestic and international markets.

Business Management Training in Improving Culinary Msme Enterprises

The number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a large part of the economic implementation in totality. However, the growth of MSMEs related to technological advances is still not in line with expectations. The proportion of MSMEs that use online sales is still low. This is caused by many MSMEs who do not understand the technical procedures for online sales. The purpose of this activity is to develop MSME expertise in universal management, digital marketing and financial recording. The development and improvement carried out is in the form of developing skills in making marketing planning, digital marketing and understanding financial records so that they can be useful in developing businesses that will be run in the future. The training participants were 34 micro-enterprises, most of which were culinary businesses that were given the management training they needed. The result obtained from this activity is the occurrence of culinary fostered partners who are more advanced in managing and selling products online.

Seminar Pengembangan Omset UMKM Dengan Sertifikasi Halal

Currently, providing halal certification for a product has become a necessity. Consumers are now more careful when choosing halal-certified products before consuming them. In Jumputrejo Village, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency, there are a number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that have not obtained halal certification. Therefore, the KKN team from Sunan Giri University Surabaya has held a seminar on Increasing MSME Turnover through Halal Certification, with the aim that local MSMEs can obtain halal certification. The process of implementing this seminar consists of three stages, namely (1) planning, which involves mapping the problem; (2) finding solutions to the problem; and (3) coordination with MSME partners. The implementation of the seminar on turnover development through halal certification was carried out using the method of delivering material and question and answer sessions. The results of this activity show that MSME partners who attended the seminar showed enthusiasm in asking questions related to halal products, the benefits of halal-labeled products, and the procedures for receiving halal certification.

Construction of super hydrophobic paper by modified nano-SiO2 hybrid medium fluoro-epoxy polymer and its properties

Most of the super hydrophobic paper surfaces prepared at present will change the original properties of the paper and can not be used for oil-water separation continuously. There is not yet much systematic research on super hydrophobic modification of paper-based materials. The use of polymers and inorganic fillers for synergistic modification is also relatively rare. In this paper, fluorine-containing epoxy polymer P(GMA-r-DFMA) and KH550 modified nano-SiO2 were mixed to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid super hydrophobic solution, which was chemically cross-linked to the surface of paper fibers to form a micro- and nano-thin coating to construct a super hydrophobic surface, but the original properties of the paper remain unchanged. The optimal parameters (polymer concentration, soaking time, drying time, drying temperature) for building super hydrophobic surface on paper were explored, and the optimal conditions are the polymer concentration of 7 mg/mL, soaking time of 5 h, drying time of 6 h, drying temperature of 100 °C. Under the optimum conditions, the water contact angle of the modified paper surface is 164 ± 2o and the water rolling angle is 5 ± 2o. The surface of the super hydrophobic modified paper contaminated with toner can be self-cleaned by water droplets. Compared with the unmodified paper, the whiteness, smoothness and glossiness of the surface of the super hydrophobic modified paper have not changed greatly. When the oils were n-hexane, n-octane and trichloromethane, the oil-water separation efficiency of the modified paper could reach 99.9 %, 99.9 % and 98 %, and the effects were stable. Super hydrophobic modified paper in water formed a large number of bubbles on its surface, resulting in silver mirror phenomenon. SEM results showed that the pore structure of the paper was not changed after modification. The surface of the original paper fiber is very smooth, but the surface of the super hydrophobic modified paper fiber has a large number of micro and nano protrusions.

THE INFLUENCE OF MICRO AND SMALL INDUSTRIES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE

This research aims to determine the influence of the number of Micro and Small Industries (MSI), the number of MSI workers, and MSI income on the Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) of West Sumatra Province. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis method. The sample for this research is the number of MSIs, number of MSI workers, MSI income and MSI RGDP from 2018 to 2020 which comes from the West Sumatra Province Central Statistics Agency consisting of 19 cities/regencies. The results of this research found that simultaneously there was a positive and significant influence of the number of MSIs, the number of MSI workers, and MSI income on the RGDP of West Sumatra Province. Government policy really needs to be implemented to create regulations that make it easier for MSI to grow and develop so that MSI has a large contribution to the RGDP of West Sumatra Province.

The Utilization of Digital Marketing and Entrepreneurial Skills in Enhancing Business Success for MSMEs in Bogor City

Indonesia hosts a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM), comprising around 99.99% (65.5 million units) of businesses in 2018, as stated by the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. Despite their micro classification, these enterprises play a significant role, contributing about 89.2% to Indonesia's workforce and making vital economic contributions. However, 5.9% of businesses still feel the positive impacts of Covid-19. Among them, resilient businesses (5.9%) adapt by expanding marketing channels, with social media networks being a key strategy for digital marketing communication. To assess the impact of digital marketing and entrepreneurial skills on UMKM success in Bogor City, this study employed a quantitative approach. The questionnaire-based research involved 100 randomly selected participants from a population of 3,845 UMKM business players in Bogor City. Using PLS-SEM analysis, the research scrutinized the integrated framework required for this strategy. Notably, Bogor City, facing a 60% UMKM income decline during the pandemic, served as a focal point. The study utilizes SEM methodology within an explanatory research design to explore the dynamics of UMKM success in the face of contemporary challenges.

Environmental assessment of the state of fallow drained meadow-soddy-gley and brown mountain-forest soils to involve them into a new agricultural turnover (on the example of the Jewish autonomous region)

Relevance. In the context of ever-increasing anthropogenic influence, the importance of agricultural land reclamation increases and becomes more complicated. Involvement of new virgin soils in agricultural circulation requires large financial investments and huge labor resources, which the local administration does not have. The secondary return to agricultural circulation of fallow reclaimed lands that are not used in agriculture may be a less costly method of increasing the area of agricultural arable land. Aim. To analyze the changes in vegetation and aggregate composition on drained fallow soils of different ages. Object. Drained fallow meadow-soddy-gley and brown mountain-forest soils of different ages. Methods. Standard geobotanical methods were used to describe the vegetation of the polygons. The granulometric analysis of soils was carried out by the method of dry sieving. Soil density was determined by the cutting cylinder method. Results. The study showed that reclaimed arable land, after being withdrawn from agricultural use, enters into a long process of self-recovery. In the course of a long-term transformation, a noticeable accumulation of humus is observed in fallow brown mountain-forest soils in comparison with adjacent arable lands. In the 20-year-old deposit, the highest content of humus is noted, while there is a decrease in saline and hydrolytic acidity. In fallows, the density of the upper soil horizon decreases, which favorably affects the structure of soils. On brown mountain-forest soils, in a 20-year-old fallow, there is a noticeable increase in the proportion of mesoaggregates (0,25–10 mm), including agronomically valuable ones. The number of micro- (<0,25 mm) and macro-aggregates (>10 mm) decreases, which indicates an improvement in the agronomic properties of fallow soils. The results of dry screening indicate that the fallow period of drained meadow-soddy-gley soils adversely affects their structure.

EXPLORE THE IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs)

Indonesia is a country with a large number of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sectors. MSMEs must apply creativity and innovation in order to face increasingly competitive levels of business competition. Understanding and awareness of the importance of creativity and innovation among MSMEs is still low. Understanding the differences between creativity and innovation is still felt to be ambiguous and wrong. The application of the concepts of creativity and innovation is still considered unimportant, considering that many business people want to succeed in their business instantly, without thinking too much, which can drain their mind and energy. The research explores the differences between creativity and innovation, the concept of the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs, and the results of research on the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs comprehensively examine these things as has never been done before. The aim of the research is to explore the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs. The method used is library research, using critical analysis techniques. The results of research exploring the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs show that there are 14 differences between creativity and innovation. The importance of creativity and innovation is: (1) creativity and innovation have been accepted in the fields of business/business and management, and can only be achieved through creative and innovative solutions; (2) creativity and innovation in business are two things that business people need to have and develop for success; and (3) creativity and innovation are so important in the business world, that it is necessary to optimize creative and innovative abilities and ideas. Research studies on the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs include: the importance of creativity and innovation, the role of creativity and innovation, the impact of creativity and innovation, and the influence of creativity and innovation. The research on the importance of creativity and innovation examines the following 12 things: (1) entrepreneurship (ability, competence, intention, spirit and entrepreneurial mindset); (2) business success/success; (3) continuity/sustainability of business; (4) business development/progress; (5) increasing competitiveness/competitive advantage; (6) buying interest; (7) purchasing decisions; (8) increasing consumer purchasing power; (9) consumer satisfaction; (10) increasing the value of products/services; (11) increase in sales volume/income turnover; and (12) business/marketing performance.