Number Of Bugs Research Articles

Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius: Undercover agents in forensic investigations.

Insects have long played a role in forensic investigations and can be used to estimate minimum time since death, corpse translocation, and link an individual to a crime scene. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are wingless ectoparasitic insects of potential forensic utility, given that all mobile life stages feed on vertebrate blood. Successful profiling of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) from human DNA isolated from bed bugs has been previously reported. This proof-of-concept study looked to expand this work and determine any possible limitations of using bed bugs for both rapid stain identification (RSID™) for human blood and Y-STR profiling. To achieve this, bed bugs were fed either human male only or human pooled (female:male) blood for 30 min and subsequently collected at 12-h intervals up to 108 h post-blood meal (PBM). RSID™ blood testing was successful from the bed bug carcass remaining after DNA isolation, regardless of blood meal type and time of collection PBM. Complete Y-STR profiles were generated from bed bugs <60 h PBM. As the time PBM increased, DNA quantity decreased, while the degradation index increased. Collection of bed bugs at a crime scene could provide a valuable source of human blood for Y STR profiling and be used to link an individual to a crime scene or for potential male suspect exclusion. Future studies should look to replicate the results of this proof-of-concept study with larger numbers of bed bugs, more diverse blood donors, and additional STR profiling kits.

Bug numbers matter: An empirical study of effort‐aware defect prediction using class labels versus bug numbers

AbstractPrevious research have utilized public software defect datasets such as NASA, RELINK, and SOFTLAB, which only contain class label information. Most effort‐aware defect prediction (EADP) studies are carried out around these datasets. However, EADP studies typically relying on predicted bug number (i.e., considering modules as effort) or density (i.e., considering lines of code as effort) for ranking software modules. To explore the impact of bug number information in constructing EADP models, we access the performance degradation of the best‐performing learning‐to‐rank methods when using class labels instead of bug numbers for training. The experimental results show that using class labels instead of bug numbers in building EADP models results in an decrease in the detected bugs when module is considering as effort. When effort is LOC, using class labels to construct EADP models can lead to a significant increase in the initial false alarms and a significant increase in the modules that need to be inspected. Therefore, we recommend not only the class labels but also the bug number information should be disclosed when publishing software defect datasets, in order to construct more accurate EADP models.

An investigation of the insect component in the diet of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea and Little Egret Egretta garzetta

ABSTRACT Capsule Aquatic insects made up a relatively small part of the Grey Heron’s diet, while Little Egrets consumed numerous beetles, both aquatic and terrestrial. Aims To explore the extent of insect predation by Grey Herons and Little Egrets. Regurgitated pellets were collected from beneath trees in which herons and egrets were nesting. Methods Seventy Grey Heron and 48 Little Egret pellets were collected from the RSPB reserve at Northward Hill, Kent. These pellets were disaggregated and prey items were collected and sorted under a binocular microscope. Results Grey Herons fed on a relatively small number of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: seven species, 32 individuals) and bugs (Hemiptera: two species, six individuals). Little Egrets, in contrast, fed on a diverse array of beetle species, both aquatic (three families, 11 species, 48 individuals) and terrestrial (10 families, 35 species, 111 individuals), and also a few aquatic bugs (one family, one species, three individuals). The extent of terrestrial beetles in the diet constitutes new information for Little Egrets. Conclusion Insects, both terrestrial and aquatic, represent an important component of the diet of Little Egrets. For Grey Herons, insects are a very minor component of the diet, involving aquatic species only.

Computerized cognitive remediation therapy on cognitive impairment and social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia

BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may have various disease manifestations, most of which gradually tend toward incurable chronic decline, leading to mental disability. The basic symptoms of the disease can impair social function, whereas long-term hospitalization produces hospitalization syndrome, causing serious damage to social function. AIM To investigate the effects of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CCRT) on cognitive and social functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with chronic schizophrenia in Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center was performed. They were divided into an intervention group (60 cases treated with CCRT combined with conventional medication) and a control group (60 cases treated with conventional medication). After treatment, effects on cognitive function and social roles were observed in both groups. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the patients' psychiatric symptoms. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to assess the patients' cognitive functioning, and the Social Functioning Scale for Psychiatric Inpatients (SSPI) was used to assess the social functioning of the inpatient psychiatric patients. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the PANSS, WCST, and SSPI intergroup scores before treatment (P &gt; 0.05). After 2, 4, and 6 wk of therapy, general psychopathological factors, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and total PANSS scores of PANSS in the intervention group were lower than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). After 2, 4, and 6 wk of treatment, the number of false responses, number of persistent bugs, and total responses in the WCST were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05), and the amount of completed classification was significantly higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). After 2, 4, and 6 wk of therapy, the SSPI scores were significantly greater than those of the controls (P &lt; 0.05). After 6 wk of treatment, the efficacy rates of the control and intervention groups were 81.67% and 91.67%, respectively. The curative effect in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION CCRT can significantly improve cognitive function and social abilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Understanding the Impact of Changes in Application Characteristics on SRGM

Due to the increasing reliance on technology in nearly every industry over the past three decades, it has become necessary to evaluate the performance of a software product prior to its formal release in the market. The properties of a software application, such as its complexity and lines of code, are subject to change over time as a result of factors namely the testing environment, allocation of resources, testing efficiency, and testing team’s expertise. The assumption of constant Fault Detection Rate (FDR) may not accurately anticipate the potential number of bugs correctly. Keeping all these considerations in mind, a framework is developed to incorporate change point in the development of a testing effort-based Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) that takes into account the effect of application characteristics under both perfect and imperfect debugging settings. In addition, these outcomes are compared to the model without a change point. The proposed model is validated on two real-life software fault datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed model performs better than the model without a change point.

Estimating software reliability using size-biased modelling

Software testing is an important step in software development where inputs are administered repeatedly to detect bugs present in the software. In this paper, we have considered the estimation of total number of bugs and software reliability as a size-biased sampling problem by introducing the concept of eventual bug size as a latent variable. We have developed a Bayesian generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) using software testing detection data to estimate software reliability and stopping phase. The model uses size-biased approach where the probability of detecting a bug is an increasing function of eventual size of the bug which is as an index for the potential number of inputs that may eventually pass through the bug. We have tested the sensitivity of the reliability estimates by varying the number of inputs and detection probability via a simulation study and have found that the key parameters could be accurately estimated. Further, we have applied our model to two empirical data sets – one from a commercial software and the other from ISRO launch mission software testing data set. The hierarchical modelling approach provides a unified modelling framework that may find applications in other fields (e.g. hydrocarbon explorations) apart from software management.

Boosting fault localization of statements by combining topic modeling and Ochiai

Context:Reducing the cost of maintenance tasks by fixing bugs automatically is the cornerstone of Automated Program Repair (APR). To do this, automated Fault Localization (FL) is essential. Two families of FL techniques are Spectrum-based Fault Localization (SBFL) and Information Retrieval Fault Localization (IRFL). In SBFL, the coverage information and execution results of test cases are utilized. Ochiai is one of the most effective and used SBFL strategies. In IRFL, the bug report information is utilized as well as the identifier names and comments in source code files. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a generative statistical model and one of the most popular topic modeling methods. However, LDA has been used at the method level of granularity as IRFL technique, whereas most existing APR tools are focused on the statement level. Objective:This paper presents our approach that combines topic modeling and Ochiai to boost FL at the statement level. Method:We evaluate our approach considering five different projects in Defects4J benchmark. We report the performance of our approach in terms of hit@k and MRR. To study the impact on the results, we compare our approach against five baselines: two SBFL approaches (Ochiai and Dstar), two IRFL approaches (LDA and Blues), and one hybrid approach (SBIR). In addition, we compare the number of bugs that are found by our approach with the baselines. Results:Our approach significantly outperforms the baselines in all metrics. Especially, when hit@1, hit@3 and hit@5 are compared. Also, our approach locates more bugs than Ochiai and Blues. Conclusion:The results of our approach indicate that the integration of topic modeling with Ochiai boosts FL. This uncovers the potential of topic modeling for FL at statement level, which is valuable for the APR community.

Feeding of lygaeid bugs (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) on the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in Kaniv Nature Reserve

The paper presents data on the feeding of three species of bugs of the Lygaeidae family: Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778), Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. simulans (Deckert, 1985) on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in the conditions of Kaniv nature reserve, located in the forest-steppe zone in the central part of Ukraine. Common milkweed is a dangerous invasive species, a transformer of ecosystems, which poses a threat to local plant and animal communities. There is a problem in finding methods of limiting the spread of populations of this species. Among the factors that contribute to its limitation may be the consumption of common milkweed by animals, in particular by phytophagous insects. The study was conducted during the growing seasons of 2022 and 2023 on the grassland area overgrown with tree and shrub vegetation on the hills on the right bank of the Dnipro River. Tropidothorax leucopterus were feeding on sap from the vegetative body of common milkweed plants, being, for the most part, on the lower surface of the leaves. They formed dense groups, and the number of bugs on one plant could reach up to 100 individuals. Both the nymphs (from June to September) and the adults (from August to October) of this species were noted. During the study, it was also observed feeding of this species on the white swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.), which is a traditional food object for this insect. But only single individuals of these bugs were found on the white swallow-wort. The representatives of the other two species, Lygaeus equestris and L. simulans, fed on the content of the common milkweed seeds during the fruit opening period. Separate individuals or small groups (up to 20 individuals) were observed, adults and single nymphs were noted. The transition of native phytophagous species to feeding on the common milkweed can facilitate its inclusion in food chains in local ecosystems and limit the spread of this aggressive introduced plant species

API-Driven Program Synthesis for Testing Static Typing Implementations

We introduce a novel approach for testing static typing implementations based on the concept of API-driven program synthesis. The idea is to synthesize type-intensive but small and well-typed programs by leveraging and combining application programming interfaces (APIs) derived from existing software libraries. Our primary insight is backed up by real-world evidence: a significant number of compiler typing bugs are caused by small test cases that employ APIs from the standard library of the language under test. This is attributed to the inherent complexity of the majority of these APIs, which often exercise a wide range of sophisticated type-related features. The main contribution of our approach is the ability to produce small client programs with increased feature coverage, without bearing the burden of generating the corresponding well-formed API definitions from scratch. To validate diverse aspects of static typing procedures (i.e., soundness, precision of type inference), we also enrich our API-driven approach with fault-injection and semantics-preserving modes, along with their corresponding test oracles. We evaluate our implemented tool, Thalia on testing the static typing implementations of the compilers for three popular languages, namely, Scala, Kotlin, and Groovy. Thalia has uncovered 84 typing bugs (77 confirmed and 22 fixed), most of which are triggered by test cases featuring APIs that rely on parametric polymorphism, overloading, and higher-order functions. Our comparison with state-of-the-art shows that Thalia yields test programs with distinct characteristics, offering additional and complementary benefits.

Frequency of occurrence of field bugs-mirids on the cotton–alfalfa agrocenosis in the Tashkent oasis

On the basis of the collections and observations conducted by the authors in 2016–2021, various points within the Tashkent region. The observations on cotton crops and weeds were conducted in the spring and summer seasons. The counts were performed on wild plants and plants surrounded by cotton crops. The seasonal dynamics was studied and the time when the maximum number of field bugs were observed on cotton plants, were identified.

Diyarbakır ili pamuk alanlarındaki Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) türleri, yayılış alanları ve popülasyon gelişimi

Many insect pests infest cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop, resulting in significant economic losses. The tarnished plant bugs (Lygus species) greatly damage the cotton crop during all growth stages. This study determined Lygus species infesting cotton in Diyarbakır province, their distribution, and population dynamics during 2020 and 2021. Lygus species samples were collected from 244 fields in 7 districts of the province by using either D-vac or sweep net based on the phenological period of cotton. Population dynamics of the species were monitored weekly by using sweep net and D-vac from two fields situated in the Sur (Gencan village) and Çınar (Şükürlü village) districts of the province during both years. Two species including Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schäffer) and L. pratensis (Linnaeus) were identified during the study. Lygus gemellatus was the most common and abundant species observed in 91.2% and 74.7% of the surveyed fields during 2020 and 2021, respectively. The species were recorded at the end of May (before flowering) during both years, and their populations increased afterward. The peak population of both species was observed during the boll maturation period. The D-vac trapped a statistically higher number of Lygus bugs than the sweep net at Gencan (p

Efficiency of biological insecticides against the main pests of winter wheat in the system of organic farming

Goal. To investigate the pest infestation of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops and to determine the technological effectiveness of biological products against them in the system of organic farming.&#x0D; Methods. Field studies to record the number of major pests of winter wheat before and after 10 days after treatment with biological insecticides were laid out and conducted in a six-man rotation of organic farming: peas — soft winter wheat — chickpeas — hard winter wheat — oil flax — millet. The winter wheat crops were treated twice in BBCH 31 and BBCH 59. The technical effectiveness of biological insecticides was determined and compared with chemical insecticides, and the reliability of the results obtained was determined using the mathematical and statistical method in the Agrostat program.&#x0D; Results. The studies of 2021—2023 on the control variant (without treatment) of winter wheat observed an average of 1.1 copies/ m2 of the shell bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.), 17.4 copies/stem of cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum F.), 7.7 copies/ear of wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici Kurd) and 4.5 copies/ m2 of bread beetle (Anisoplia austriaca Hrbst.), and on variants treated with biological insecticides — by 27.3—36.4%, respectively, 36.8—39.5, 40.6—50.7 and 33.3—46.7% less. The technical efficiency of biological preparations against the indicated pests in the years of research ranged from 10.0 to 68.8%, and that of chemical insecticides from 55.6 to 100.0% and depended on both the conditions of the year and the type of pest and the preparation. Among biological insecticides, the highest technical efficiency against the turtle bug and wheat thrips on winter wheat crops was provided by Bitoxybacillin-BTU, r. (10 l/ ha) — 31.6 and 53.2%, respectively, and against cereal aphids (37.5%) and bread beetle (47.5%) — Biospectr BT, r. (3 l/ha) with Metarizin BT, r. (3 l/ ha). Bioinsecticide Phytoimun Sintez, r. (1 + 1 l/ha) against the specified pests had somewhat lower technical efficiency — 23.3 and 45.3% and 33.8 and 33.0%, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions. The use of biological insecticides Bitoxybacillin-BTU, p. (10 l/ha), Biospectr BT, p. (3 l/ ha) with Metarizin BT, p. (3 l/ ha) and Phytoimun Sintez, p. (1 + 1 l/ha) on soft winter wheat crops in organic farming rotation makes it possible to reduce the number of shell bugs and cereal aphids by 1.4—1.6 times, and wheat thrips and bread beetle by 1.7—2.0 and 1.5—1.9 times compared to the control.

Features of development and harmfulness of the berry bug in grain crops in the north-west of Russia

In 2022, a mass propagation of the berry bug occurred in the North-West of Russia, which had no analogues over the past decade. This made it possible to study in detail some issues of its biology and harmfulness on grain crops. The purpose of the current study was to determine food specialization, long-term population dynamics, seasonal development, and harmfulness of the berry bug in grain crops in the North-West of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, there was carried out regular mowing with an entomological net, timed to coincide with the phonological development of cultivated plants, the total number of which was 2544, of which 1380 were on grain crops. The estimation of the harmfulness of the berry bug was carried out on winter triticale by simply comparing the mass of damaged and undamaged caryopses. According to the study results, there has been revealed that grain crops were populated to a greater extent than agrocenoses of other crops. Among grain crops, winter triticale turned out to be the most populated crop, and winter rye was the least populated. The maximum number of berry bug occurred during the period of maturation of grain crops, when larvae of different ages feeding on caryopses were predominantly found in the crops. The study of topical confinement showed that the largest number of bugs’ pricks were located in the middle part of the caryopsis and mainly on the sides (75.0 %). Analysis of the harvested crop of winter triticale revealed that damage to the grain caused by berry bug was 6.4 %, 5.0 % of which 1–2 points, 1.4 % of which 3 points. Depending on the damage scale, the decrease in 1 caryopses weight was from 6.6 to 18.2 mg (13.2–36.5 %), the yield was 0.061 ton/ha (1.2 %). Thus, despite the high density of winter triticale crops with berry bug in the conditions of 2022, the proportion of damaged caryopses and their damage degree, as well as the total yield loss, turned out to be low, which means that the use of insecticides was inappropriate.

A push–pull strategy for controlling Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) using host plant semiochemicals

ABSTRACT Riptortus pedestris is a major pest of soybean in East Asia that feeds on maturing seeds, reducing nutritional quality and causing seed abortion. Aggregation pheromone of the bean bug has been conventionally used as a lure for mass-trapping, but the control practices, used by farmers and recommended by the manufacturer can increase infestation in soybean fields. Here we investigated the efficacy of soybean semiochemical blend as a repellent incorporated with an attractant blend to develop a push–pull strategy. The efficacy of potential repellents was tested in a soybean field by evaluating three control strategies: a potential repellent (push), an attractant based on the synergistic effect of synthetic host plant volatiles and the aggregation pheromone (pull), and a combination of the attractant and the potential repellent. We adopted two different monitoring systems, sticky traps and camera traps, to assess the spatial distribution of the bean bugs. The attractant and repellents were strategically deployed, by putting the repellent in the center of soybean plot while the attractants were placed at the edge of the plot. In soybean plots treated with only attractants at the edge, the number of bean bugs was significantly higher in both soybean and edge areas than those of control plots. In contrast, the number of attracted bean bugs to soybean area significantly decreased in the push–pull treated plot, verified by both sticky trap and camera trap methods. This strategy could prevent colonization and population establishment of the bean bugs in soybean fields as part of an integrated pest management.

Maintaining understory vegetation in oil palm plantations supports higher assassin bug numbers

Abstract The expansion of oil palm agriculture across Southeast Asia has caused significant biodiversity losses, with the reduction in habitat heterogeneity that accompanies the conversion of forest to oil palm being a major contributing factor. However, owing to their long commercial lifespan, oil palm plantations can support relatively high levels of vegetation complexity compared to annual crops. There is therefore potential for the implementation of management strategies to increase vegetation complexity and associated within‐plantation habitat heterogeneity, enhancing species richness and associated ecosystem functioning within productive oil palm landscapes. This study focusses on two species of asassin bugs Cosmolestes picticeps and Sycanus dichotomus, which are important agents of pest control within oil palm systems. Using a Before‐After Control‐Impact experimental manipulation in Sumatra, Indonesia, we tested the effect of three alternative herbicide spraying regimes and associated vegetation complexity treatments on assassin bug numbers. Our treatments encompass a range of current understory vegetation management practices used in oil palm plantations and include removing vegetation only in areas key to harvesting (“Normal”), removing all understory vegetation (“Reduced”), and allowing native vegetation to regrow naturally (“Enhanced”). We assessed both the long‐term (18 months) and short‐term (within 2 weeks) effects of our treatments following herbicide spraying. Pre‐treatment, we found high numbers of assassin bugs of both species in all plots. Long‐term post‐treatment, the abundance of both C. picticeps and S. dichotomus declined in reduced understory plots, although this decline was only significant for C. picticeps (98%). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the post‐treatment abundance of either species in the short‐term. These results suggest that the long‐term decline in assassin bug abundance was likely to be caused by loss of vegetation, rather than any immediate effects of the herbicide spraying. Our findings have clear management implications as they demonstrate that maintaining vegetation in oil palm understories can benefit an important pest control agent.

Estimation of grain resistance of various wheat types to corn bug Eurygaster L. (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae)

In Russia wheat is a strategically important food and export grain crop, but despite the expansion of sown areas and the growth of gross yields, yield quality remains low. A significant decrease in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wheat grain productivity is caused by corn bug Eurygaster L. Planting resistant varieties is one of the most environmentally friendly and effective ways to reduce the number and harmfulness of corn bug. Unfortunately, modern wheat varieties are often not characterized by corn bug resistance, although this is of paramount importance for grain production and breeding programs. The purpose of the current study was to compare the damage caused by corn bugs to grain of different wheat types and varieties. In accordance with GOST 33538-2015 “Plant protection. Methods for identifying and accounting for damaged grains by corn bug”, there has been conducted an estimation of wheat samples for their damage by corn bug. There has been shown that corn bug Eurygaster L. equally damages grain of different wheat types, varieties, and forms. Among the 108 studied wheat varieties, only 16 varieties were characterized by a low degree of grain damage. Absolutely resistant varieties to damage by corn bug have not been identified. The least mean grain damage by corn bug was found in such varieties (up to 5.0 %) as ‘Utrish’, ‘Yunion’, ‘Altaiskaya zhnitsa’. There has been established that the largest number of grain samples slightly damaged by corn bug was found among spring durum wheat varieties (up to 50.0 %). There has been determined that under different agroclimatic conditions of cultivation, the most studied wheat samples had the same level of grain damage by corn bug.

Enhanced Approach for Bug Severity Prediction: Experimentation and Scope for Improvements

Software development is an iterative process, where developers create, test, and refine their code until it is ready for release. Along the way, bugs and issues are inevitable. A bug can be any error identified in requirement specification, design or implementation of any project. These bugs need to be categorized and assigned to developers to be resolved. the number of bugs generated in any large scale project are vast in number. These bugs can have significant or no impact on the project depending on the type of bug. The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning-based bug severity prediction model that can accurately predict the severity levels of software bugs. This study aims to address the limitations of the current manual bug severity assessment process and provide an automated solution using various classifiers e.g. Naïve Bayes, Logistic regression, KNN and Support vector machine along with Mutual information as feature selection method, that can assist software development teams in giving severity code to bugs effectively. It seeks to improve the overall software development process by reducing the time and effort required for bug resolution and enhancing the quality and reliability of software.

Debugging the FUMILIM minimization package

The suggested package FUMILIM, based on famous FUMILI minimization package, has the following advantages.Unlimited number of parameters (multi-set tasks).Ability to work with multidimensional experimental points, described by a vector function.The preliminary scan is envisaged for complicated tasks.For heavy user's functions the parallel fit is envisaged with the help of OpenMP service.Multi-optional user interface, including the option to ignore wrong experimental points.The package contains popular intrinsic user's functions. All of them can be used without the definition of the parameter initial values.There is a package of fast track reconstruction programs for working with detectors, including drift chambers. The capacity of these programs is about of 106 tracks per second (at 2.8 GHz).In the corrected version a number of bugs is fixed.The service for multi-set tasks has been essentially expanded.Information support of poorly converged tasks and removing of wrong experimental points is expanded.All programs are written in FORTRAN-90. New version program summaryProgram Title: FUMILIM v4CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/xphc8ctxr3.3Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Fortran-90Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 251 (2020) 107202Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes.Reasons for the new version: To extend the class of solvable tasks, fixing a number of bugs.Summary of revisions:• A number of bugs is fixed.• The service for multi-set tasks has been essentially expanded.• Information support of poorly converged task and removing WP is expanded.• Fast programs are accelerated by ≃15%.• Organization of output options is slightly revised, which provided better comfort for users.• Settings of the package through the redefinition of numbers in common-blocks are replaced by calls to short subroutines. This makes the main program more compact. The old way of setting still works.Nature of problem: To minimize χ2-functional.Solution method: Least square method.

Rust-Shyper: A reliable embedded hypervisor supporting VM migration and hypervisor live-update

Traditional embedded hypervisors usually focus on resource utilization and performance while neglecting the reliability requirements. On the one hand, the reliability issues result from the use of C language that may introduce memory safety bugs. On the other hand, most existing embedded hypervisors lacks run-time fault tolerance and dynamic bug-fixing mechanisms in deployed embedded system. To address the above challenges, in this paper, we propose Rust-Shyper, an embedded type-1 hypervisor built with Rust, which has both high performance and high reliability. We make full use of the Rust language features in terms of code safety to reduce the number of bugs within the embedded hypervisor. Furthermore, we have proposed low-overhead VM migration and hypervisor live-update mechanisms to enable our embedded hypervisor to tolerate hardware faults at runtime and dynamically fix hypervisor bugs. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first work to propose live-update mechanisms for embedded hypervisor. We have systematically evaluated the performance and reliability of Rust-Shyper, and the results show that Rust-Shyper can significantly improve memory safety without compromising performance. Furthermore, the VM migration and hypervisor live-update mechanisms only incur a small performance overhead.

Azure DevOps The Next Era of Application Lifecycle Management

The software development, testing, and deployment process is a series of actions that are carried out in order to achieve a particular result. highly manual process, resulting in a significant number of code errors and bugs. Development and operations (Support) teams can often be out of sync, slowing software delivery and disappointing business stakeholders. DevOps creates efficiency across all tasks involved in software development, deployment, and maintenance. Connecting development with operations leads to increased visibility, more accurate requirements, improved communication, and faster time to Industry. Azure DevOps supports a joint culture and set of multiple steps and processes that bring together the development team, managers, and contributors to build software quickly. It allows the software industry to improve software at a faster pace than they can with traditional software development approaches. Compared with ADO Server, ADO Services offers the following added benefits: • Easy for server management. • Fastest access to greatest features. • Improved faster connectivity for remote users. • A transition from capital expenditures (like servers) to operational expenditures (subscriptions). DevOps is becoming a software industry standard for multiple businesses. According to a report issued by Capgemini, 61% of businesses either adopted DevOps or planned to do so during 2018. Statistics like this demonstrate that DevOps is a necessary part of your business plan if you expect to respond quickly to the market's demands, improve your business’s time-to-market, and keep your software solutions updated regularly. DevOps creates efficiency across all tasks involved in software development, deployment, and maintenance. Connecting development with operations leads to increased visibility, more accurate requirements, improved communication, and faster time to Industry.