Number Research Articles

Serotonin and adrenaline as inhibitors of neutrophil extracellular traps formation (experimental study)

Regulation of the NETosis can provoke cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and become a basis for effective targeted therapy. The aim: to study the modifying effects of serotonin and adrenaline on NETosis during phagocytosis in rats.Materials and methods.Wistar rats were divided into control (solvent, 0.9% NaCl solution) and experimental (serotonin and adrenaline 1.43 and 0.143 mg/kg body weight, respectively) groups. Intraperitoneal injection of test substances was carried out 90 minutes before blood sampling, in which phagocytic activity (PhA), phagocytic index (PhI) and degree of suicidal neutrophil NETosis were determined: with total and partial chromatin decondensation (TCD, PCD, accordingly). A paired Student’s t test was used to compare groups with numerical values and McNemar’s test (for dichotomous variables). Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (rxy) was assessed to measure a linear relationship between time points.Results.The administration of adrenaline contributed to NETosis inhibition by 41.5% compared to control group (p 0.001), serotonin — by 27.6% (p 0.001). The ratio of neutrophils with total and partial chromatin decondensation for control group was 1.0:0.9; for serotonin and adrenaline it changed to 1.0:1.7 and 1.0:1.4, respectively. Relative to control group, phagocytic index after serotonin administration increased by 4.9%, in case of adrenaline, on the contrary, it decreased by 12.4% (p 0.01). A high positive correlation was revealed between NETosis and phagocytic index for control group and experimental group with adrenaline: rxy= 0.823–0.997. For phagocytic index and NETosis in these groups there was a high negative (rxy= –0.714–(–0.871)) and a noticeable positive correlation for serotonin (rxy= 0.638).Conclusion.Serotonin and adrenaline in therapeutic dosages have a pronounced inhibitory effect on NETosis, which may pave the avenue for increasing the effectiveness of therapy for immunoinflammatory and oncological diseases. The use of serotonin is preferable because it has additional immunomodulatory effects and cause no direct stimulation ofα- andβ-adrenergic receptors.

Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Ratio in Blood Serum as a Criterion of Human Functional State

The article discusses the physiological significance of the Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum as a criterion of a person’s functional state. Normally, in an adult, the ratio is 32.2 ± 0.5, it increases in a healthy person under the influence of extreme factors (space flight (cosmonauts, astronauts), long-term strict bedrest, etc.), with Covid-19 disease, and some orphan diseases in children. The issue of Na+/K+ in blood serum is being discussed, but not between the K+-rich cell and the Na+-dominated extracellular environment. The Na+/K+ ratio in blood serum is considered as an important parameter of a person’s physiological state and, depending on the numerical value, as an indicator of the functional state from normal to overload, severe complications to the prognosis of death.

Expanding access to addictions care: Implementation of a 24-hour healthcare provider support line in British Columbia, Canada

BackgroundMorbidity and mortality related to substance use have risen to catastrophic levels in North America, and treatment services are often difficult to access. In response, the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, launched a province-wide addiction medicine support phone line that offers clinicians immediate access to phone consultation with an addictions medicine expert. The service operates 24/7 is accessible to any clinician in the province seeking assistance with an addiction-related question. We describe an evaluation of the reach and perceived impact of the service over its first two years.MethodsThe 24/7 Addiction Medicine Clinician Support Line was evaluated prospectively from June 2020 to April 2022. All provider-to-provider encounters were included. Data was collected from two primary sources: health provider demographic information collected at the time of consultation, and optional clinician surveys conducted after the consultation was complete. Descriptive data are presented as numerical values and percentages.ResultsOver the 22-month evaluation period, 1,279 consultations were requested by 631 distinct care providers across British Columbia. The service averaged 15 calls per week across the province, and 51.5% of calls were made outside of business hours. Physicians made the majority of calls to the service (n = 865, 67.6%), followed by nurse practitioners (n = 162, 12.7%). Among those who completed a follow-up survey (n = 258 calls, 20.2% total calls), 81.8% (n = 211) were “very” or “extremely” satisfied with the consultation. Of these respondents, 65.5% (n = 169) reported that the consultation led to the provision of better care for their patient, with 58.1% (n = 150) initiating a new prescription and 22.1% (n = 57) reporting expedited treatment for their patient. The consultation area of focus was most commonly opioid use (n = 417; 59.6%), followed by polysubstance use (n = 98; 14.0%).ConclusionsThe impact of the 24/7 Addiction Clinician Support Line was widespread, and the service increased accessibility to evidence-based addictions treatment across a range of care settings. Clinicians expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the service. To our knowledge, this province-wide program is the first of its kind in North America, offering a scalable and adaptable model to support access to evidence-based addictions care in under-resourced settings.

Adequacy of measures to threats as one of the fundamental ­principles of safety riskology

Purpose. To justify the need to apply the “principle of adequacy of probabilities” as a measure to improve the risk management methodology, to prevent (counteract) existing and emerging risks (threats) to the security of complex systems. Methodology. The well-known methodological principle called “Ockam’s Razor” was used. In the course of the research, a complex method was used, which included formal and logical analysis of normative and scientific and technical literature, analysis of statistical data, synthesis, abstraction, experiment, observation, generalization of data, description. Findings. In the course of the research, one of the threats (danger, risk) was identified, which simultaneously affects the existence of such a system due to traffic safety of rolling stock of rail transport enterprises, and the full implementation of the system’s capabilities due to axle loads, mass and speed movement of rolling stock, level of operating costs, passenger flow, regularity of transportation, etc. Experimental application of the lubricant “Mariol NT” in SPP 12-5, GS-3 lubrication systems showed a decrease in wear intensity by 240 %. Due to the use of a new lubricating material applied to the friction surface of wheel rims as part of the paint coating, the wear intensity of flanges of twin-wheel rims is reduced by 2.2 times, and that of locomotives by 2.4 times. Originality. It was determined that the “principle of adequacy of probabilities” as a measure of improvement of the risk management methodology, prevention (counteraction) of existing and prospective risks (threats, dangers) during the safety assessment of complex systems is currently not applied, but its consideration helps to prevent (countermeasures) to existing and emerging risks (threats) to the safety of complex systems. Practical value. The use of the “principle of adequacy of probabilities” allows for the theoretical and experimental determination of the numerical value of the ratio between the probability of an event occurring, caused by the action of an identified threat that negatively affects the state (level) of safety and operability of system elements at all stages of its existence, and the probability of a positively compensatory effect of the developed countermeasure to the identified threat.

Distribution of air quality data across stratified areas of Port Harcourt metropolis

Distribution of Air Quality Data across seven stratified areas of Port Harcourt Metropolis was carried out. The study utilized a total of 18 parameters from four different air quality datasets obtained from 24 sampling points during field data collection. The sampling points were structured and stratified into residential, industrial, commercial, recreational, transport, dumpsite and abattoir areas. Air quality data were acquired using a multi-digital potable tool, Aerosol Gas Monitor and TESTO Gas Analyser for meteorological data, particulate matters (PM), gaseous emissions and heavy metals. Results showed that the concentrations of air quality data were not evenly distributed across the seven stratified areas, an indication of the influence of location-based activities on the distribution of air quality parameters. The minimum and maximum values of wind speed, temperature and relative humidity were obtained within Residential and Transport Areas, Abattoir and Dumpsite Areas, and, Industrial and Recreational Areas with numerical values of 1.1ms-1 and 3.7ms-1, 27.20C and 350C, and, 67.8% and 923% for wind speed, temperature and relative humidity respectively. The values of TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 ranged from 53 to 255 μg/m3, 13 to 90 μg/m3 and 40 to 169μg/m3 for TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 respectively with the lowest and highest values obtained within Residential and Dumpsite Areas respectively. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 exceeded the standards of WHO, NAAQS and FMEnv in Industrial, Dumpsite and Abattoir Areas. Lead ( Pb) showed very high values within Dumpsite Area (0.954mg/kg), Industrial Area (0.372mg/kg) and Transport Area (0.077mg/kg).

Performance Evaluation of RC Structures using Next- Generation Performance-Based Seismic Assessment Procedures

Seismic forces have wreaked havoc on buildings around the world, resulting in both property damage and human deaths. Reinforced concrete structures under cyclic loading cannot be predicted using current methods, according to relevant design codes. Code-based seismic design procedures have been replaced by performance-based design procedures (PBSD). PBSD describes a building's overall performance by taking into account its structural and non-structural performance categories. Immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention are the three types of damage that can be encountered in a construction site. They are ranked based on the amount of damage, downtime, and casualties they inflict. Although these procedures can detect damage, they are unable to assign a numerical value to the seriousness of the damage. The use of damage indices, which are based on structural and response-based parameters, has been proposed by many researchers in the past. The objective of current research is an attempt to summarise all of these efforts and identify grey areas for further investigation. Numerical approaches to integrate structural damages with various PBSD performance levels have been proposed.

Thermal transportation of radiative cathode nanotube‐based nanofluid on a stretching/shrinking wedge with varying magnetism and heat source

AbstractThe complex heat transfer processes occurring in a magnetized water‐based hybrid nanofluid flowing past a stretching or shrinking wedge are investigated in this work. The research highlights the significant influence of the wedge angle on fluid flow patterns and temperature gradients, emphasizing how larger angles cause changes in pressure, flow separation, and temperature profiles. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of radiation effects near surfaces, where increased radiation often leads to cooling due to thermal energy emission. The findings have implications in industries such as aerospace, electronics, thermal management, and groundwater resources management where precise temperature control is critical for safe and efficient operations. The numerical method applied to solve the governing equations in the study is the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta technique with shooting technique. This method efficiently solves the boundary value problem by converting it into a system of first‐order initial value problems. Then shooting technique is used to solve the system, starting with an adequate initial guess. The study's results are presented in tabular and graphical forms, providing valuable insights into the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, enabling more informed decision‐making and optimization in relevant engineering applications. Increased radiation frequently results in a cooling effect owing to thermal energy output. Heat sinks/heat sources are crucial in temperature regulation and are effective in lowering temperatures via processes. We also emphasize the importance of radiation impacts near surfaces, where increased radiation frequently leads to cooling owing to thermal energy emission. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number for various parameters in the cases of shrinking and stretching provide crucial insights into the heat transmission and frictional properties of the system under examination. These quantitative results contribute to a better understanding of the complex fluid dynamics and thermal behavior in the given setting, emphasizing the significance of the research findings.

Left atrial volume in obesity and hypertension: an innovative "ideal human" index allows for weighing their impact - a non-contrast cardiac CT study

Abstract Left atrial (LA) enlargement is a common and early feature of cardiac involvement in the natural history of obesity and arterial hypertension (AH). Mechanisms involved in this process are cumulative, and partly shared, thus separating and balancing their contributions is challenging. In a proportion of patients referred for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, these clinical entities are present. The LA volume (LAV) is relatively easy to quantify from a CT scan. Measured LAV values can be misleading unless constitutional parameters (height (h) or body size area (BSA), are considered. We introduced a new indexing parameter, consisting of height and the difference between numerical values of height and BSA. In the "ideal human", the difference is zero. Any deviation from this value determines the share of body mass regardless of height. Aim We hypothesize that a novel indexation approach allows for earlier detection of the increased LAV in normotensive and AH patients considering the body mass index. Method We retrospectively analyzed CT data from 2535 patients, 1658 w (64±10 ys), and 876 m (aged 6±11ys), with CAC scoring over the last 15 years The LAV was determined by using commercially available software. The raw and indexed (for h, BSA, and the novel parameter [h+ (h-BSA)]) LAV volumes were compared in patients with normal BMI (<25kg/msg), overweight (25-29.9), and obesity (≥30) who with normal blood pressure or with AH. Results The LAV was larger in high BMI categories than in normal BMI. In non-AH subjects, the LAV increased from an average of 71 ml (normal) to 80 ml (overweight) and 90 ml (obese). In AH, the LAV increase showed a similar trend of averages (77, 88, 94 ml, F=2.59,p<0.01). Indexing LAVs were non-concordant, as shown in Figure. Thus, one can recognize that LAV normalization for the new index has brought the differences most evident and persuasive. In normal BMI, indexation ways did not significantly affect the LAV estimation. Whilst the body weight increased, no difference could be recognized for values indexing for BSA (red). The LAV indexation for height (blue) cannot help diagnose its increase in obesity. The distinguishing strength can be seen while using the [h-(h-BSA)] denominator (green). It indicates that in any scenario, body mass gain plays a greater role in the LAV increase than AH does. Conclusions Body mass is a more important factor that is associated with LAV than AH.. Common methods of LAV indexing, especially referred to as BSA, introduce errors leading to values mimicking normality in non-healthy people and should be forbidden. The proposed indexation way can help overcome the observed discrepancies and support early recognition of the consequences of obesity and hypertension.

Phytochemical composition, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in silico docking properties of Tamarix tetragyna L.

Tamarix tetragyna is a plant grows in Mediterranean area and some Arab countries. It possesses numerous medicinal values. Purpose of our study is to explore biological activity of tamarix tetragyna extracts of both leaves and stem with investigating their phytochemical composition. The investigated extracts’ phyto-constituent composition was determined using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. In addition, in vitro cytoxicity activity versus cancer cell lines such MCF-7, HepG-2, HCT-116, and A-549 was examined by MTT assay method, together with exploring its apoptosis effect by flow cytometry and western blot analysis techniques. Moreover, some phytochemical compounds were identified, and in-silico evaluated against anticancer molecular targets. Plant extracts showed good cytotoxic activity against both A-549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. With an IC50 value of 23.90 µg/ml that led to apoptosis and G2/M-phase arrest in A-549 cells, cytotoxicity data demonstrate leaves’ extract effectiveness against these cells. Upon GC-MS analysis, it revealed presence of some bioactive components such as Stigmast-5-en-3-ol and 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, which are known for their cytotoxic activity. Our findings suggest that methanolic extracts of Tamarix tetragyna parts may have potential therapeutic uses as anticancer against A-549 cells, which opens up further avenues for investigation into its industrial applications.

Reversible esterification process in Casson nanofluids: A numerical analysis of non-newtonian hydromagnetic flow

A computational mechanism has been formulated to scientifically analyze the phenomenon of combined convection in the occurrence of magnetohydrodynamic flow behavior of Casson nanofluid. This study emphasizes the trajectory of the nanofluid along a stretching sheet with nonlinear permeability, while considering additional physical effects such as reversible chemical reaction, thermal radiation, energy source/sink, suction and viscous dissipation. In this study, we have additionally integrated the nanofluid paradigm proposed by Buongiorno, which encompasses the repercussion of thermophoresis along with Brownian motion. The utilization of appropriate similarity renovations serves the purpose of recasting the dominant multivariate differential equations to a collection of nonlinear differential equations in single variable. The Runge–Kutta shooting mechanism is implemented for the intention of numerically determining the unknown boundary conditions. The solution to the dominant equations was obtained by employing the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique and to ensure the dependability of the outcomes, the bvp4c method was employed. The graphical and tabulated observations are presented herein to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the underlying physical characteristics inherent in the problem at hand. The utilization of the Casson parameter has been found to be advantageous in the reduction of shear stress rate, along with the enhancement of mass and energy transfer rates. Additionally, the application of suction has been observed to be beneficial in the enhancement of Sherwood number and energy transfer rate. Within the scope of the context of the esterification process, the purpose of this proposal is to evaluate the impact that numerous arithmetical values exert on the temperature field, the velocity profile and the volumetric concentration. An in-depth graphical analysis that takes into account the relevant physical consequences is used to evaluate the most important factors that relate to the physical quantities that describe the contours of temperature, velocity and concentration. In addition to being accompanied by their respective explanations, the tabular portrayal of the local Sherwood number, shear stress rate along with local Nusselt number all feature in this paper. There is a clear distinction that can be made between irreversible and reversible flows in the evaluation of the local Sherwood number, rate of shear stress and local Nusselt number. This differentiation is brought about by taking into analysis thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter and suction parameter. The results that were produced from the theoretical simulations have significant repercussions for a variety of fields that are related to energy engineering. The findings derived from the analysis indicate a negative correlation between the Brownian motion parameter and both irreversible and reversible flow in terms of rate of energy transfer and shear stress rate. It is imperative to highlight that reversible flow holds greater significance in comparison to irreversible flow.

Shape factor and thermal radiation effects on convective MHD flow of Casson blood ternary hybrid nano‐fluid through a stretched rotating rigid disk

AbstractThe mathematical modeling of blood flow with the incorporation of ternary hybrid nanoparticles (i.e., titania, silica, and alumina nanoparticles) is the focus of this work. The flow of blood is simulated using the Casson fluid model. The impacts of ternary hybrid nanoparticles, shape factor, and Geometry of solid nanoparticles are visualized and investigated. The momentum and thermal characteristics of a flowing liquid are determined by considering magnetization, porosity, and nonlinearized radiating thermal flux. The basic partial differential equations resulting from mathematical modeling are turned into non‐linear ordinary differential equations using suitable velocity transforms. The derived nonlinear equations are then numerically calculated using the 4th‐5th order Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method with the shooting technique and analytically solved by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The effects of the factors involved on the dimensionless profiles produced are fully addressed. It is found that the Skin friction factor and heat transfer rate in the radial direction upsurge with the augment of both rotation parameter and nanoparticles volume fraction; however, the Skin friction factor drops in the azimuthal direction. Also, results obtained reveal an enhancement in the local Nusselt number with the upsurge in the magnitude of radiation parameter, Rd, solid nanoparticles concentration, , shape factor value, s, and disk temperature, . For validation, the outcomes of this inquiry were compared to the outcomes of the HAM‐based Mathematica software. In addition, the acquired analytical DRA data are compared to numerical RKF45 values and those given in the literature.

Optimal Conversion of Food Packaging Waste to Liquid Fuel via Nonthermal Plasma Treatment: A Model-Centric Approach

The efficiency of employing a multifactorial approach to enhance the nonthermal plasma (NTP) chemical conversion of solid waste food packaging materials into liquid petroleum hydrocarbons was assessed for the first time in this study. The researchers adopted a hybrid approach which integrated the zero-dimensional (0-D) and response surface model (RSM) techniques. After their application, the researchers noted that these strategies significantly enhanced the model prediction owing to their accurate electrochemical description. Here, the researchers solved a set of equations to identify the optimisation dynamics. They also established experimental circumstances to determine the quantitative correlation among all process variables contributing to food plastic packaging waste degradation and the production of liquid fuels. The findings of the study indicate a good agreement between the numerical and experimental values. It was also noted that the electrical variables of NTP significantly influenced the conversion yield (Yconv%) of solid plastic packaging waste to liquid hydrocarbons. Similarly, after analysing the data, it was seen that factors like the power discharge rate (x1 ), discharge interval (x2), power frequency (x3), and power intensity (x4) could significantly affect the product yield. After optimizing the variables, the researchers observed a maximal Yconv% of approximately 86%. The findings revealed that the proposed framework could effectively scale up the plasma synergistic pyrolysis technology for obtaining the highest Yconv% of solid packaging plastic wastes to produce an aromatics-enriched oil. The researchers subsequently employed the precision of the constructed framework to upgrade the laboratory-scale procedures to industrial-scale processes, which showed more than 95% efficiency. The extracted oil showed a calorific value of 43,570.5 J/g, indicating that the liquid hydrocarbons exhibited properties similar to commercial diesel.

Efficient probabilistic inference in biochemical networks

Biochemical networks are usually modeled by ordinary differential equations that describe the time evolution of the concentrations of the interacting (biochemical) species for specific initial concentrations and certain values of the interaction rates. They consist, in general, of many variables and parameters. Parameter estimation of such systems using standard optimization algorithms is computationally expensive since a large number of numerical simulations must be performed for numerous values of initial conditions and parameters, making these approaches either inefficient or inaccurate. In this paper, we explain how biochemical networks can be approximated by dynamic Bayesian networks, a class of discrete probabilistic models. This type of approximation enables the use of Bayesian inference for performing tasks such as parameter estimation. We explain how to make this type of approximations and the subsequent parameter estimation task as accurate and computationally efficient as possible. Our approach is applied on concrete examples such as the EGF-NGF cellular signaling pathway.

Long-term viscoelastic behavior and evolution of the Schapery model for mirror epoxy

Abstract Mirror epoxy, used in its pure form with a resin-to-hardener ratio of 100:50, is emerging as an innovative material widely used in modern flooring. Its appeal lies in its smooth, shiny surface, offering a unique and contemporary aesthetic. However, understanding its long-term viscoelastic behavior is essential to ensure the durability and performance of floor coverings under various conditions of use. This study examines the evolution of the Schapery model for mirror epoxy, focusing on its long-term viscoelastic behavior. Creep tests at constant loads and ambient temperature are carried out in order to numerically determine the static nonlinearity factors g and g 0 formulated in the Schapery model. To validate this model, other relaxation tests at constant deformations are carried out under the same conditions, which allowed us to determine the nonlinearity factors h and h 0 formulated in this model using the same method. A remarkable consistency between the variations in the experimental and numerical values of the model programmed on MATLAB allows us to conclude that the Schapery model describes the real behavior of the mirror epoxy in a satisfactory manner.

Gordon Decomposition of the Magnetizability of a Dirac One-Electron Atom in an Arbitrary Discrete Energy State

We present a Gordon decomposition of the magnetizability of a Dirac one-electron atom in an arbitrary discrete energy eigenstate, with a pointlike, spinless, and motionless nucleus of charge Ze. The external magnetic field, by which the atomic state is perturbed, is assumed to be weak, static, and uniform. Using the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac–Coulomb Green function proposed by Szmytkowski in 1997, we derive a closed-form expressions for the diamagnetic (χd) and paramagnetic (χp) contributions to χ. Our calculations are purely analytical; the received formula for χp contains the generalized hypergeometric functions 3F2 of the unit argument, while χd is of an elementary form. For the atomic ground state, both results reduce to the formulas obtained earlier by other author. This work is a prequel to our recent article, where the numerical values of χd and χp for some excited states of selected hydrogenlike ions with 1⩽Z⩽137 were obtained with the use of the general formulas derived here.

Hey Building! Novel Interfaces for Parametric Design Manipulations in Virtual Reality

Parametric Design enables designers to formulate and explore new ideas through parameters, typically by manipulating numerical values. However, visualising and exploring the design space of an established parametric design solution is natively difficult through desktop displays for designers due to screen space constraints and requiring familiarity with visual-language programming interfaces. Thus, we sought to explore Virtual Reality (VR), inspired by Natural User Interfaces (NUI), to develop and explore new interfaces departing from traditional programming interfaces, that could complement the spatial and embodied affordances of contemporary VR devices. Informed by two industry-led focus groups with architects we developed and examined the usability of three different interfaces: 1) Paramaxes , an axes-based interface that allows designers to distribute and manipulate parameter visualisations around them in physical space; 2) ParamUtter , a Voice-based User Interface (VUI) that allows designers to manipulate parameter visualisations through natural languages; 3) Control Panel , which presents the parameters as sliders in a scrollable pane and acts as baseline comparison. We ran an exploratory study with experts and found that the Control Panel was ultimately the preferred interface for a design manipulation task. However, participants commented favorably towards qualities in the unconventional interfaces, with ParamUtter scoring highest in System Usability Scores (SUS), and participants valuing the potential of using physical space to explore design spaces with Paramaxes .

Advancement of Finite Element Method Solver Used in Dam Safety Monitoring System by Interpolation of Pore Pressure and Temperature Values

In this paper, we focused on the advancement of Dam Monitoring Software that incorporates the Finite Element Method (FEM), as these large infrastructure constructions are crucial for ensuring a dependable water supply, irrigation, flood control, renewable electric energy generation, and safe operation, which is of utmost importance to any country. However, the material properties and geotechnical environments of dams can change (deteriorate) over time, while the standards and legal norms that govern them become more and more rigorous, so in order to accurately assess the state of a dam and detect any concerning behavior, the software must be updated as well. The custom-developed FEM solver, unlike many commercial alternatives, is adaptable and can be reconfigured to function within a Dam Monitoring System. In this paper, we present the procedure for interpolating numerical values at measurement points, when the position of the measurement point does not align with the node of the element, allowing for additional instrument locations to be added to the monitored system without the need for remeshing the numerical model. This procedure is used to compare the actual pore pressures and temperature values of the concrete dam structure with the prediction of the numerical model, and the agreement is much greater with the new interpolation algorithm in comparison to the nearest nodal values, with the average relative difference for pore pressure reduced from 8.89% to 8.10%, justifying this implementation.

Optimizing Business Operations through Edge Computing: Advancements in Real-Time Data Processing for the Big Data Era

The question of big data brought new opportunities and threats to business environment primarily in terms of processing increasingly large amounts of data in realtime. This paper examines the way in which edge computing can /should benefit business processes by offering improvements to real-time data analysis beyond what is provided by cloud-based systems while overcoming the challenge of latency, bandwidth and scalability. The study uses both primary and secondary data collected from 50 companies that use edge computing for processing of big data in industries including manufacturing, health, and retail. It involves cases where the factors are manifested, practices involving changes in numerical values of operations and other models involving the management of real-time data. Studies show that edge computing cuts down data processing delay by 40-60% on average, cuts data utilization and improves decision-making. This work also examines the use-cases of edge computing in order to demonstrate its potential across industries that must analyze data in near realtime, including self-driving automobiles, IoT gadgets, and logistics. Toward this end, this research provides an analysis of the ethical issues of decentralized data handling especially focusing on data security and data privacy. In response to the research questions of the paper, this study provides practical recommendations to help the companies in pursuing edge computing in the big data environment for the sake of sustaining market competitiveness. The research enriches the existing knowledge in business technology by presenting the possibility of change that edge computing brings.

Enhancing Printability Through Design Feature Analysis for 3D Food Printing Process Optimization

We present a novel, systematic method for evaluating design printability in 3D food printing using a scoring system based on the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) guidelines. This study addresses a gap in the current literature by proposing a structured approach to assess and enhance the printability of 3D food designs. Our framework consists of a set of nine critical questions derived from the multi-level DfAM guidelines, focusing on key printability factors including unsupported features, geometric accuracy, and surface finish. The evaluation process converts qualitative assessments into numerical values, resulting in a comprehensive printability score that categorizes designs into high, moderate, or low printability levels. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we conducted a case study involving five different designs. The scoring system successfully explores the design space and maximizes the printability of 3D food products. This method alleviates the challenges in design evaluation compared with traditional trial-and-error approaches. The results demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of our framework’s output. The proposed methodology provides a structured approach to design evaluation, offering practical insights and a valuable tool for improving the success rate of 3D printed food products. This research contributes to the field by offering a systematic framework for assessing and enhancing the printability of 3D food designs, potentially accelerating the adoption and effectiveness of 3D food printing technology in various applications.

A Mobile Opportunistic Routing Algorithm Based on Mobility Classification

The advancement of novel technologies has positioned mobile wireless networks as the central focus of computer technology research. The selection process for the subsequent relay node in message forwarding holds paramount importance and is deemed critical. Drawing inspiration from Social Mobility theory, this paper presents a pioneering node classification model that categorizes all nodes into three distinct types. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of Active Entropy, where the numerical value of Active Entropy serves as a metric for message forwarding. Consequently, the routing algorithm transforms into a limited set of strategies between nodes belonging to different types. This routing algorithm offers numerous advantages including enhanced delivery rate, reduced network overhead ratio and decreased transmission delay. We evaluate and compare the performance of our proposed algorithm with that of DFDL algorithm and Prophet algorithm on the ONE simulation platform. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves a delivery rate at least 15% higher compared to the other two algorithms while also reducing overhead ratio.