Number Puzzle Research Articles

Developing Number Puzzle Learning Media for Elementary School Dyslexic Students: Single Subject Research

A child displaying symptoms of dyslexic learning disorders requires assistance in accurately identifying numbers, particularly those that share resemblances. This research aimed to develop media for teaching dyslexic children to help them identify numbers correctly. This research employed a development and single-subject research method. The subject was a child with symptoms of dyslexia learning disorders from primary school in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The research instruments used were observation sheets and media validation. The findings revealed that prior to engaging with the puzzle activity, the dyslexic student demonstrated the capability to identify a range of 4 to 5 numbers accurately. However, after participating in the puzzle activity, the dyslexic student exhibited an improved performance, achieving the ability to correctly recognize and recall 8 to 10 digits in both writing and memory. The number puzzle media was developed by dividing the puzzle into two parts: the part of the screen containing the complete picture and the base placing the puzzle pieces. The puzzle pieces were made by stacking several formed duplex parts, then covered with paper glued together to create a waterproof product. The puzzle focused on the numbers contrasting in color. The numbers were divided into several parts to make it easier for dyslexic students to identify models of these numbers. After conducting media testing on a dyslexic student, the analysis demonstrated a positive impact of the media on learning outcomes. This research suggests a notable improvement in the numerical identification skills of the dyslexic student

Mathematical Achievements with or without Game in Hinangutdan Public Secondary High School, Samar, Philippines

Mathematical Achievements with or without Game in Hinangutdan Public Secondary High School, Samar, Philippines. Objectives: This study determined the effects of games on the mathematics achievement of Grade VII students of Hinangutdan National High School. Methods: It utilized quasi-experimental design to establish the effects of teaching with mathematical games (MathDoku, DaMath, Number puzzle, magic squares, and outdoor games races) and without mathematical games on mathematics achievement. There were twenty-eight participants and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Findings: Results showed a significant higher mean posttest score than mean pretest scores for both groups, suggesting that the two methods are effective. It indicated that teaching with and without mathematical games are equally effective in improving mathematics achievement. Conclusion: It has been determined that using mathematical games in the classroom is effective in raising students’ math achievement, particularly in terms of their understanding of basic operations on integers and rational numbers. Notably, teaching mathematical games and without them is beneficial and that both approaches can be combined to teach number operations. Incorporating these games into the classroom, teachers can offer students a variety of presentations of mathematical ideas while also improving their learning experiences. Keywords: mathematical games, pre-test post-test control group experimental design, achievement test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v13.i2.202323

The Effect of Numbers Puzzle Games on the Cognitive Development of Preschool Children Aged 5-6 Years at RA Nurul Hidayah Malang

Various factors, including the lack of stimulus from parents, can influence deviations in cognitive development in children. A number puzzle game is one of several stimuli in improving children’s cognitive development. This study aims to determine the effect of a number puzzle game on the cognitive development of preschool children aged 5-6 years. The type of research used in this study is a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test designs. The research instrument used was a checklist for assessing the cognitive abilities of children aged 5-6 years. The sampling technique used in this study is the total sampling technique of 22 children. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon signed rank test using the SPSS application. The results showed an effect of number puzzle games on the cognitive development of preschool children aged 5-6 years at RA Nurul Hidayah Pemalang (p-value 0.000, p-value <0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded, namely: 1.) Age and gender characteristics obtained the results of most respondents aged six years as many as 12 children (54.5%), with the majority being male as many as 12 children (54.5%). 2.) Children’s cognitive development before puzzle game therapy was carried out, the results were that almost most children were in the undeveloped category

Formulation of Sudoku Puzzle Using Binary Integer Linear Programming and Its Implementation in Julia, Python, and Minizinc

Sudoku is a number puzzle game popular among people with various difficulty levels (easy, medium, hard, and extremely hard). Sudoku can be modeled as a linear programming problem in mathematics, particularly binary integer linear programming (BILP). Completing Sudoku using BILP is quite tricky because it requires many iterations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the Sudoku problem using the BILP formulation and implement the problem using Julia, Python, and MiniZinc. Out of 15 cases for each difficulty level, Julia performs better than Python and MiniZinc based on computation time. Moreover, Sudoku with easy difficulty levels is solved with a longer computation time than the other three difficulty levels. The computation time for solving BILP is getting faster as the difficulty level of the Sudoku problem increases. This is because Sudoku problems with easy difficulty levels have more known values as clues and generate more constraints than other difficulty levels.

Intervention of Numbers Puzzle Against Short Memory Mental Retardated Children

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of number puzzle intervention on increasing short memory in children with mental retardation in SDLBN 05 Bengkulu City. This study uses a quantitative approach using a Quasy Experiment design, one group pre-post test with a nonequivalent control group design. This study uses a digit forward questionnaire by remembering the numbers from front to back, the digit forward numbers are 9 digits. The results of the univariate analysis of the intervention of 10 samples 7 (30%) with a less short memory and 3 (30%) short memory samples are good and after being given number puzzle therapy, it is known that out of 10 samples 8 (80%) have a good memory and 2 (20%) with the less category. The paired test results showed that there was an effect of puzzle therapy on increasing short memory in SDLBN 05 Bengkulu City with a p-value of 0,000. In conclusion, there is an effect of number puzzle therapy intervention on increasing short memory of children with mental retardation in SDLBN 05 Bengkulu City.
 
 Keywords: Number Puzzle, Mental retardation, Short memory

Integrity service application model with prevention of cryptanalytic attacks

Due to the inevitable use of cloud computing, several organizations both business and academic move to store their valuable data from manual record keeping to computers. Despite the many advantages given by cloud computing, security, privacy and integrity threats are available in the cloud due to the nature of hackers. In this paper, integrity is focused for verification. Encrypted data which is stored in secure outsourcing storage should be verified for integrity because of traitors in every field. Web browsers connect Web Application Programming Interfaces (API) to the cloud. Virtual Private Server (VPS) which is hosted in the cloud is deployed using web browsers. This paper proposes Integrity Service Application Model (which is installed in the VPS) with prevention of cryptanalytic attacks. Proposed work is implemented in unmanaged VPS and results are analyzed. Brute force attack, dictionary attack, cut and paste attack, Denial of Service attack, replay attack, known plain text attack and cipher text only attacks are prevented in this paper. Authentication techniques used for client verification are Random Key Code using One Time Password (OTP) and dynamic missing random number puzzle. Major advantage of the proposed paper is that the integrity is verified by private auditing using Proof of Retrievability method. Third Party Auditor (TPA) who is trusted partially is eliminated.

The varOmega _{ c}-puzzle solved by means of quark model predictions

The observation of five varOmega _c = ssc states by LHCb [Aaij et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 182001(2017)] and the confirmation of four of them by Belle [Yelton et al. Phys. Rev. D 97, 051102(2018)], may represent an important milestone in our understanding of the quark organization inside hadrons. By providing results for the spectrum of varOmega _{ c} baryons and predictions for their varXi _{ c}^{+}K^{-} and varXi _{ c}'^{+}K^{-} decay amplitudes within an harmonic oscillator based model, we suggest a possible solution to the varOmega _{c} quantum number puzzle and we extend our mass and decay width predictions to the varOmega _b states. Finally, we discuss why the set of varOmega _{ c(b)} baryons is the most suitable environment to test the validity of three-quark and quark–diquark effective degrees of freedom.

The mission of the Chinese puzzle: From a quest for order to seeking entertainment

Abstract The puzzle has played a significant role in Chinese culture since its formation. The Lo-shu and the Ba-gua, the most prominent number puzzle in ancient China, with its instinctual quest for universal order, has constructed a philosophical system that has incorporated human being as an integral part of nature. The system has exerted great influence on Chinese culture to this day. Because of its mysterious origin and magical evolution, the Ba-gua has been used to predict the fortune of both the nation and the individual. The Chinese character-deconstructing puzzle has also functioned as a foreshadow of one’s fate. By analyzing the components of a character, written by the subject in a specific context, divination was made. In contrast to the solemn mission of the number puzzle, and the character-deconstructing puzzle, the wedding puzzle and the riddle are lighthearted, and intended to provoke humor, and to function pedagogically. A latecomer, once the mysteriousness of number and character has faded, the riddle is used to promote the intellectual development of children. The wedding puzzle has been popular among those who are illiterate and make analogy by using common occurrence to allude to taboo in the oral dialect. Since their illiteracy has excluded them from reading and writing, they are free to make puzzles in their own dialect without being limited by a reverence for the written character.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PUZZLE ANGKA

In the context of logical thinking the child will know about classifying objects based on function, shape or color or size, recognize patterns of ab-ab / abc-abc and repeat them. Increasing the ability to think logically with the puzzle media mental children will also be accustomed to being calm, diligent and patient in getting things done. So this research focuses on the implementation of the use of puzzle media in learning logical thinking in RA Nurul Yusro with the research title "Improving the ability of logical thinking in early childhood by using number puzzle media". This study aims at naturalist intelligence and logical thinking skills through puzzle media in group A aged 4-5 years. The use of instruments in this study was in the form of an observation sheet, in the form of a checklist of developmental achievement scales compiled based on a numerical scale assessment of 1-4. While the method used is a quasi-experimental method. The study sample was 10 children aged 4-5 years in group A RA Nurul Yusro. The results showed that the ability to think logically children aged 4-5 years in group A RA Nurul Yusro reached 35% of the minimum percentage of 65%. This shows that the ability to think logically children aged 4-5 years in group A RA Nurul Yusro is still low.

Yohaku Puzzles

As educators, we know that to have effective mathematics instruction, we must promote mathematical problem solving while encouraging discourse (NCTM 2014), yet finding tasks that both challenge and engage students can be difficult. We discovered that the Yohaku, a Japanese number puzzle, provides a format that was both challenging and thought-provoking when implemented in a secondgrade class in a Virginia elementary school. The number puzzle involves having students fill in squares with numerical values such that each column and row creates the same value. We discovered that students enjoyed the puzzle and that it supported their own construction of number sense.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Puzzle Melalui Kartu Angka

Childhood is a golden age. The emphasis on the importance of early childhood education is not intended to assume that children should start "going to school as early as possible". The purpose of this study is; Develop learning media to improve the ability to recognize the concept of child numbers in the form of a number puzzle card game. This research method is research and development (Research and development or R D). Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the results of preliminary research on puzzle learning media through numerical cards: the assessment of material experts gave a score of 52.86% categorized as good enough. the quality got an assessment score of 57.14% categorized as good enough. After being revised the experts gave the following values: the assessment of the experts gave an assessment score of 78.57% categorized as good, the media expert gave an assessment score of 86.67% for the aspect of view categorized as very good and for the aspect of quality got an assessment score of 88.57% categorized as very good.

Yohaku: A new type of number puzzle for students

This article explores number sense problem solving using Yohaku puzzles. Each month, elementary school teachers are presented with a problem along with suggested instructional notes; asked to use the problem in their own classrooms; and encouraged to report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.

Evidence for Narrow Transfer after Short-Term Cognitive Training in Older Adults.

The degree to which “brain training” can improve general cognition, resulting in improved performance on tasks dissimilar from the trained tasks (transfer of training), is a controversial topic. Here, we tested the degree to which cognitive training, in the form of gamified training activities that have demonstrated some degree of success in the past, might result in broad transfer. Sixty older adults were randomly assigned to a gamified cognitive training intervention or to an active control condition that involved playing word and number puzzle games. Participants were provided with tablet computers and asked to engage in their assigned training for 30 45-min training sessions over the course of 1 month. Although intervention adherence was acceptable, little evidence for transfer was observed except for the performance of one task that most resembled the gamified cognitive training: There was a trend for greater improvement on a version of the corsi block tapping task for the cognitive training group relative to the control group. This task was very similar to one of the training games. Results suggest that participants were learning specific skills and strategies from game training that influenced their performance on a similar task. However, even this near-transfer effect was weak. Although the results were not positive with respect to broad transfer of training, longer duration studies with larger samples and the addition of a retention period are necessary before the benefit of this specific intervention can be ruled out.

Number Puzzle Game: A Game to Test the Player's Logical Abilities and Calculation Skills

Number Puzzle Game: A Game to Test the Player's Logical Abilities and Calculation Skills

Examining the Neurocognitive Validity of Commercially Available, Smartphone-Based Puzzle Games

Cognitive assessment typically involves assessing a person’s cognitive performance in unfamiliar and arguably unnatural clinical surroundings. User-centred approaches to assessment and monitoring, driven by issues such as enjoyability and familiarity, are largely absent. Everyday technologies, for example, smartphones represent an opportunity to obtain an objective assessment of a person’s cognitive capabilities in a non-threatening, discreet and familiar way, e.g. by everyday puzzle games undertaken as a leisure activity at home. We examined the strength of relationships that exist between performance on common puzzle games and standard measures of neuropsychological performance. Twenty-nine participants, aged 50 - 65 years, completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and played three smartphone-based puzzle games in triplicate: a picture puzzle [Matches Plus], a word puzzle [Jumbline] and a number puzzle [Sudoku]. As anticipated, a priori, significant correlations were observed between scores on a picture puzzle and visual memory test (r = 0.49; p = 0.007); a word puzzle and estimated verbal IQ (r = 0.53; p = 0.003) and verbal learning (r = 0.30; p = 0.039) tests; and a number puzzle and reasoning/problem solving test (r = 0.42; p = 0.023). Further analyses making allowance for multiple comparisons identified a significant unanticipated correlation (r = 0.49; p = 0.007) between number puzzle scores and a measure of nonverbal working memory. Performance on these smartphone-based games was indicative of relative cognitive ability across several cognitive domains at a fixed time point. Smartphone-based, everyday puzzle games may offer a valid, portable measure of assessing and monitoring cognition in older adults.

Passing Messages to Lonely Numbers

Message-passing methods provide powerful approximation algorithms for problems that can be formulated in terms of (probabilistic) graphical models. These methods find applications in statistical physics, inference, and combinatorial optimization. Sudoku, a popular number puzzle, is a simple optimization problem that message-passing algorithms can help solve. Therefore, Sudoku is an ideal vehicle to demonstrate these methods' strengths and limitations.

The early years: Working at the bench with Bruce (1957–1959)

Having arrived at Rockefeller in the fall of 1958, I began to seek a suitable laboratory to pursue my interest in organic chemistry. The group of Wayne Woolley, together with Bruce Merrifield and John Stewart, seemed to fit my needs, and the presence of a cute technician in Bruce's lab helped to solidify the decision. So I became Dr. Woolley's first (and only) graduate student. The project was to synthesize imidazole derivatives with substrate-specific catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters carrying aromatic side chains. Although the goal of mimicking specific enzyme catalysis was not achieved, I learned a great deal about heterocyclic chemistry. Bruce showed a keen interest in all that I did, and provided more assistance and personal mentoring than anyone else. I married Bruce's cute technician, Sibil Dale, after she left Rockefeller. Her close working relationship with Bruce and her superior memory enable her to write in a more personal account about the early years of Bruce's development of solid-phase peptide synthesis. Sibil's account follows. Bruce gave me my first job when I was just out of college in 1957. I worked as his research technician for 2 years. We shared a lab, along with George Tritch, on the fourth floor of Flexner Hall. The first thing Bruce did in the morning was to turn on the hot water tap to make instant coffee. Once, when I questioned this practice, he replied that he wanted to make sure he got all of his minerals. As soon as I started working with Bruce he taught me some lessons about the cost of research. One day when I was weighing some serine, I poured out too much on the scale and used the spatula to discard the excess in the sink. “You just threw away $65 worth of serine,” Bruce complained. At another time I dropped a sintered glass funnel. Bruce took me down the hall to see Dr. Woolley, the chair of the lab group, who declared that the broken object was worth its weight in gold. Bruce and I worked side-by-side at the same lab bench. As we worked we talked about work, our personal lives, and what we enjoyed in life. Several of us in the department liked to do puzzles while performing such mechanical tasks as evaporating. Bruce stumped us all with his thinking outside the box when one day he came in with the following number puzzle: 42, 51, 59, 68, and asked us what the next number should be. We all assumed it was some kind of mathematical progression and in vain tried to add, subtract, divide, and multiply to identify a pattern. When none of us could find the answer, Bruce announced that these were the subway stops of the Lexington local, a train that many of us, including myself, took to work. It was at the bench that I first heard Bruce mention the idea of linking amino acids into peptides by utilizing a solid support resin. In theory, the concept sounded so simple that I immediately expressed my doubts about the project. I was not the only skeptic. One day, at a graduation dinner, I was seated next to the Nobel Laureate Fritz Lipmann1 who inquired about what Bruce was currently working on. I explained Bruce's idea to Lipmann who said something about bacteria being able to do a much better job. When I repeated this later to Bruce, he seemed amused by Lipmann's comment. Despite the skeptics who surrounded him, Bruce stuck to his idea. I worked with him on the early stages of the development of the project but did not get any positive results. It took Bruce about 3 more years to bring his idea to fruition. In 1963, when John and I were living in Cambridge, England, where John was doing a post-doc, we received a letter from Bruce saying that he had successfully synthesized a peptide using the solid-phase method.

Lessons from Sudoku

Abstract Failure analysis requires a working knowledge of physics, technology, materials, manufacturing practices, analytical techniques, and more. It is difficult to imagine what failure analysis would be like if all the laws of physics were perfectly apparent and all the challenges of sample preparation and testing were removed. Eliminating those considerations, failure analysis would be more like Sudoku. Sudoku is a simple number puzzle enjoyed by both children and adults. The simplicity of Sudoku compared to failure analysis is the point. Although Sudoku is starkly simple, the process is challenging to the best of us. Good and bad problem-solving practices are clearly exposed by the experience of solving a few Sudoku puzzles. Some insights that are brilliantly clear in Sudoku are equally true in failure analysis.

The eddy heat-flux in rotating turbulent convection

The three components of the heat-flux vector F = ρCpuT � � are numerically computed for a stratified rotating turbulent convection using the NIRVANA code in a flat box. The latitudinal component Fθ proves to be negative (positive) in the northern (southern) hemisphere so that the heat always flows towards the poles. As a surprise, the radial heat-flux Fr peaks at the equator rather than at the poles (Taylor numbers O(10 6 )). The same behavior is observed for the radial turbulence intensityu � 2 rwhich for free turbulence is also believed to peak at the poles (see Eq. (19) below). As we can show, however, the consequences of this unexpected result (also obtained by Kapyla et al. 2004, A&A, 422, 793) for the theory of differential rotation are small as mainly the Fθ is responsible to solve the Taylor number puzzle. In all our simulations the azimuthal component Fφ proves to be negative so that the rotating turbulence produces a westwards directed azimuthal heat-flux which should be observable. Fluctuations with higher temperature are expected to be anticorrelated with their own angular velocity fluctuations. We find this rotation-induced result as understandable as the Fφ is closely related to the radial Λ-effect which is known to be also negative in stratified and rapidly rotating convection zones.

The nonlinear solar dynamo and differential rotation: A Taylor number puzzle?

We consider dynamically consistent mean-field dynamos in a spherical shell of incompressible fluid. The generation of magnetic field and differential rotation is parameterized by the α- and Λ-effects, respectively. Extending previous investigations, we include now the cases of moderate and rapid rotation in the sense that the inverse Rossby number can approach or exceed unity: This can lead to disk-shaped Ω-contours, which are in better accordance with recent results of helioseismology than cylindrical Ω-contours. On the other hand, in order to obtain αω-dynamo cycles the Taylor number has to be so large, that eventually cylindrical Ω-contours become unavoidable (cf. Taylor-Proudman theorem). We discuss the different possibilities in a state diagram, where the inverse Rossby number and the relative correlation length are taken as the elementary parameters for mean-field dynamos.