Number Of Undocumented Migrants Research Articles

미등록 이주민의 의료복지 단절 사례연구

This study examines the lifestyles of migrants living as undocumented immigrants (illegal aliens) living in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City, and seeks to find out how oppression due to their status, psychological anxiety, and vulnerable lives affect the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. This study interviewed 30 pregnant women among undocumented immigrants who lived in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju from January to June 2023, and summarized the state of mind of the mother, hospital expenses, and child rearing on a case-by-case basis. Pregnant women of undocumented migrants are exposed to risks of lack of medical insurance, lack of family, and forced repatriation, and the burden of medical expenses and childcare due to the absence of national health insurance existed. If local governments or non-profit private organizations continue to take an interest in undocumented immigrants and give warm glances of help, the welfare service of undocumented migrants staying in Korea will be improved and the quality of life in Korea will be improved at the present time when the number of undocumented migrants is increasing socially. I hope a solution is found.

Mobility, Control, and the Pandemic Across the Americas: First Findings of a Transnational Collective Project

Before Covid-19, countries in the Americas—deeply unequal spaces historically determined by migrant mobilities—had hardened their migratory policies, provoking the rise in the number of undocumented migrants and limitations on the right to refuge. Based on the initial findings of a collaborative and comparative research project encompassing twenty-one countries in the Americas (www.inmovilidades.org), this article argues that the current pandemic justifies a perverse intersection between health policies and politics to control mobility that has configured a de facto state of exception in migration matters, which only magnifies the existing tension between mobility and control. By reviewing press material and policy documents, and complementing those with the testimonies of regional and extra-continental migrants, this article proves that common situations are arising across the Americas that disproportionately affect regional and extracontinental undocumented migrants and asylum seekers, consigning them to daily hyper-precarization and dispossession of rights. It also shows that new forms of migrant mobility are emerging. The article thus focuses on five intertwined common situations: 1) border closures and increased internal policing; 2) suspension or limitation of the right to refuge; 3) selective hyper-nationalist aid programmes; 4) the adoption of a new anti-migrant legal architecture; and 5) new forms of migrant mobility and struggle. As the article suggests, against the current pandemic and hyper-control migrant mobilities are strategies for resistance with spatial effects on national and transnational scales across the continent.

The deadly effects of losing health insurance

Abstract The number of undocumented migrants in developed countries has increased in recent years, which has generated discussions about the extent to which access to public programs should be restricted for this population. This is the first paper that estimates the effects of restricting access to one of these public programs, health care, on mortality rates of undocumented immigrants. We exploit the natural experiment that arises from a reform implemented in Spain in September 2012 that introduced this restriction. We show that, during the first three years of implementation, the restriction increased the monthly mortality rate of undocumented immigrants by 0.31 deaths per 100,000 individuals (which corresponds to 82 additional deaths each year). We also document small changes in the composition of the treated population with 5% of middle educated individuals being substituted by lower educated ones. However, this selective migration can only account for 3.45% of our mortality effects. Our results show the large effects of health insurance coverage on the health status of vulnerable populations and have important policy implications for developed countries currently receiving sizeable migration flows.

Limiting health-care access to undocumented immigrants: A wise option?

The number of undocumented migrants in high-income countries has increased in recent decades, imposing considerable political, fiscal, and social pressures on governments. This has fostered discussions on whether and to what extent undocumented migrants should get access to public programs and public benefits. Looking at the 2012 Spanish health reform, this is the first paper to document the impacts of a restriction on access to the health-care system for undocumented migrants on health-care utilization, health-care system perceptions, and self-reported health in a high-income country. We show that such restrictions may significantly reduce planned care for undocumented migrants and result in sharp fall in positive opinions about the health-care services still left available to them. We also exploit the heterogeneity in implementing the policy across regions and report stronger effects in regions that enforced the national ban more fully. Furthermore, in the first 3 years since the implementation of the reform, we find suggestive evidence of a worsening in self-assessed health. This study is relevant for policymakers in the developed world, especially in countries that have recently implemented initiatives aimed at reducing the health-care coverage for targeted groups, such as the United Kingdom and the United States.

Health Status of Persons without Health Insurance and of Undocumented Migrants: Analysis of Data from the Malteser Migranten Medizin (MMM) in Munich, Germany

It is estimated that more than 100,000 persons are without health insurance in Germany. The number of undocumented migrants is roughly estimated to be about 40,000. There are hardly any empirical studies looking at health care provision for these population groups, it is even rarely stressed that more empirical studies are needed. There seems to be a major gap concerning perception and research. The present study aims at promoting this discussion by presenting analyses based on data from an institution providing health care for these population groups, i. e., the Malteser Migranten Medizin (MMM) in Munich. Data were available from all patients coming to MMM between January 2009 and October 2012 (i. e., from 2,352 visits altogether). The following information is available for each visit: date, sex, age group, country of origin, residence permit status (3 groups), diagnosis (ICD-10 chapter), type of health care (4 broad groups). Multivariate analyses have been conducted for simultaneous control of these variables. In order to compare these data with information from the general population, data from a large statutory sickness fund have been included as well. Focusing first on the MMM patients, the analyses showed large differences concerning diagnoses by country of origin and by residence permit status. We were not able, however, to confirm the hypothesis that mental health problems are especially common among undocumented migrants. The comparison with the general population indicated, surprisingly, that MMM patients showed a very similar spectrum of diagnoses as compared with the general population. The data from MMM do not allow a precise assessment of health care need, they still indicate, though, how different the patients are who seek help. MMM offers a broad range of health care, but it is hardly possible to meet the manifold demands of all the patients; there is no psychotherapist, for example. The resources available at MMM will always just allow a very limited provision of health care. It would be important to promote the integration of persons without health insurance and for undocumented migrants into the general system of statutory sickness funds.

A study of HIV positive undocumented African migrants' access to health services in the UK

Newly immigrated persons, whatever their origin, tend to fall in the lower socioeconomic levels. In fact, failure of an asylum application renders one destitute in a large proportion of cases, often resulting in a profound lack of access to basic necessities. With over a third of HIV positive failed asylum seekers reporting no income, and the remainder reporting highly limited resources, poverty is a reality for the vast majority. The purpose of the study was to determine the basic social processes that guide HIV positive undocumented migrant's efforts to gain health services in the UK. The study used the Grounded Theory Approach. Theoretical saturation occurred after 16 participants were included in the study. The data included reflections of the prominent factors related to the establishment of a safe and productive life and the ability of individuals to remain within the UK. The data reflected heavily upon the ability of migrants to enter the medical care system during their asylum period, and on an emerging pattern of service denial after loss on immigration appeal. The findings of this study are notable in that they have demonstrated sequence of events along a timeline related to the interaction between the asylum process and access to health-related services. The results reflect that African migrants maintain a degree of formal access to health services during the period that they possess legal access to services and informal access after the failure of their asylum claim. The purpose of this paper is to examine the basic social processes that characterize efforts to gain access to health services among HIV positive undocumented African migrants to the UK. The most recent estimates indicate that there are a total of 618,000 migrants who lack legal status within the UK. Other studies have placed the number of undocumented migrants within the UK in the range of 525,000–950,000. More than 442,000 are thought to dwell in the London metropolitan area. Even in cases where African migrants enter the UK legally, they often face considerable difficulty in their quest to gain legal employment due to barriers inherent to the system that grants work permits. With over a third of HIV positive failed asylum seekers reporting no income, and the remainder reporting highly limited resources, poverty is a reality for the vast majority.

"Here to Work": Undocumented Immigration in the United States and Europe

Whether the story is of Chinese immigrants discovered in a Seattle port container or suffocated to death in the back of a truck passing through the British Channel port of Dover, whether it concerns raids on employers in the south-western United States or in German construction firms, undocumented immigration 1 and employment have captured the attention of the popular media and social scientists alike. However, rather than focusing on a series of sensationalist stories of undocumented immigrants and their unscrupulous employers or obsessing over the number of undocumented migrants in various countries, this paper sketches out some similarities and differences in the political economy of undocumented immigration and informal employment in the United States and the European Union. Following the work of Guiraudon and Lahav, I argue that this dynamic political economy can be explored through an upward, downward, and outward re-scaling of policymaking. 2 I conclude that there are remarkable similarities but also some important divergences between the United States and the European Union in terms of the social processes and scales that are involved in decision-making.

Using ins Border Apprehension Data to Measure the Flow of Undocumented Migrants Crossing the U.S.-Mexico Frontier

"This article examines how data on INS [Immigration and Naturalization Service] border apprehensions are related to the flow of undocumented migrants crossing the southern U.S. border. Its centerpiece is a demographic model of the process of unauthorized migration across the Mexico-U.S. frontier. This model is both a conceptual framework that allows us to see theoretical linkages between apprehensions and illegal migrant flows, and a methodological device that yields estimates of the gross number of undocumented migrants. One implication of the model is that, for the first time, the relation between apprehensions and illegal flows can be examined empirically. We show that the ratio in each period between apprehensions and the undocumented flow is simply the odds of being located and arrested on any given attempt to enter the United States clandestinely."