Number Of Transport Modes Research Articles

The effects of the spatial transformation and the dynamics of transportation systems of the city and its surroundings. A case study of Latakia

ABSTRACT Syrian coastal city, Latakia, is suffering from an urban sprawl towards the surrounding settlements. This research aims to investigate the spatial transformations and the role of transportation systems in the expansion of Latakia and its surroundings. The study was done by carrying out a statistical visualization of the changes in the number of transportation modes, the size of the population, and the spatial extent of the city expansion. Additionally, accessibility of the public transportation networks was measured using the ArcGIS network analyst tool. The research found that the transportation systems had been a major contributor to the transformations of the borders of Latakia. In addition to seeing an increased population and significant waves of migration to the city and its surroundings, Latakia city witnesses massive urbanization of its neighboring areas, since they have a high level of accessibility from the city. The local authorities are not able to control this massive urbanization. Therefore, these areas around the current administrative borders of Latakia are expected to be merged with the city as a result of further expansion. Comprehensive urban and transportation planning procedures could be put in place in these settlements to control the expansion of the city.

МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНИЙ ГРОМАДСЬКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ УКРАЇНИ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ

The article discusses some common problems faced by most municipal urban electric transport enterprises that existed in the pre-war period and provides a forecast for the post-war recovery of the industry. It emphasizes that the urban public transport in Ukraine should develop based on the principle of multimodality, where schedules of different types of urban public transport are coordinated and tickets are valid for a certain period of time, allowing passengers to transfer between a certain number of transport modes. Specific measures are proposed to improve the functioning of urban public transport in Ukraine on the path to multimodality. The article also provides a brief overview of the application of multimodal transport by public transport in a number of developed countries around the world. According to the forecasts made in the article, in the coming years, public transport will become not only more technological and environmentally friendly, but also more economical due to the introduction of advanced types of public transport, various convenient forms of payment for passenger services based on contactless electronic media, the development of other transport technologies and electronic transport applications. All this, combined with modernized dispatching of urban passenger transport, route rationalization, and the optimization of coordinated schedules, will inevitably lead to the creation of a highly automated multimodal public transport system in our cities, which will make urban public transport a better choice compared to private vehicles in the future. The article provides interesting illustrative material showing how equal-sized groups of people, who are public transport passengers, use micro-mobility vehicles (bicycles) and are owners and passengers of cars in the urban space. The presented material vividly demonstrates the advantages of public transport in terms of relieving congested roads in the majority of Ukrainian cities. Multimodality of urban public transport is the decisive word in the post-war recovery and further sustainable development of our country's urban public transport.

Fuzzy Entropy Based COPRAS Method in Determining the Investment Priorities of Logistics Centers in Survey and Planning Stage in Turkey

Logistics center is logistics regions that are connected to all kinds of transportation networks, have low-cost, fast, and safe transfer equipment between different transportation modes, and have a direct impact on the country's economy and operational efficiency. Since Turkey is geographically located on logistics routes, the establishment of logistics centers is important in terms of economic development. However, the establishment of logistics centers requires serious costs, and the return of costs takes a long time. In this respect, it is necessary to determine the investment priority of the regions that are candidates for establishing a logistics center. Considering the costs of establishing a logistics center, it is significant to research which logistics center investment priority will be given. In this study, the fuzzy entropy based COPRAS method was used to determine the order of investment priority, considering 5 logistics centers in the survey and planning stage of TSR, and 17 criteria. According to the results, the first four most important criteria in logistics center investment priority are proximity to the port, foreign trade potential, number of transport modes, and proximity to the railway. The investment priority order of logistics centers is Istanbul/Yeşilbayır, İzmir/Çandarlı, Mardin, Zonguldak/Filyos and Şırnak/Habur.

Research on the Coordination Model of Passenger Transportation Mode in the Intercity Comprehensive Transportation Corridor

At present, the study of comprehensive transportation corridors primarily focuses on the planning and construction of transportation corridors. There are few studies on the coordinated operation of all modes of transportation after the construction of the transportation corridor is completed. Comprehensive transportation corridor takes on the characteristics that the volume of transport demand and supply is large, the number of transportation modes is not only one, and competition among different transportation modes is fierce. In order to prevent unhealthy competition among different transportation modes from disrupting the transportation market, this paper takes the passenger transportation modes within the intercity comprehensive transportation corridor as the studied object and establishes a coordination model for them. The model introduces the disaggregate model as the research theory, takes the quantizable attributes of transportation modes as the decision variables, takes the reasonable distribution of passenger flow among different transportation modes as the objective function, and takes the supply capacity of different transportation modes and the reasonable value range of decision variables as the constraints. This model is a multiobjective nonlinear programming problem. The multiobjective genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. The real number encoding method is adopted to encode the decision variables; the penalty function method is used to eliminate the solutions that do not meet the nonlinear constraints after crossover and mutation; the repairment algorithm is used to convert the solutions that do not satisfy the linear constraints and bound constraints after crossover and mutation into the feasible region. Pareto optimal solution set is obtained through continuous selection, crossover, and mutation. Finally, a numeric example is made to demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper is effective and feasible.

City-hubs for smarter cities. The case of Lille \u201cEuraFlandres\u201d interchange

City-hubs for smarter cities. The case of Lille \u201cEuraFlandres\u201d interchange

A mixed-integer dynamic optimization approach for the optimal planning of distributed biorefineries

The implementation of supply chains based on biomass conversion requires the exploration of various aspects, including the selection of processing technologies, configuration of the supply chain, portfolio of products as well as the feedstock selection. One important feature of this system is that the composition of the available biomass changes drastically through the year because this depends significantly on the climatic conditions; this way, the dynamic behavior of this process is an important issue that must be considered. This study presents a dynamic optimization model for the optimal planning of a distributed biorefinery system taking into account the time dependence of the involved variables and parameters. In addition, this paper incorporates a model predictive control methodology to obtain the behavior of the storages and orders of the supply chain; where the objective function is the difference between the required and satisfied demands in the markets. Therefore, this study considers relevant issues, which include the multiple available biomass feedstocks at various harvesting sites, the availability and seasonality of biomass resources, potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for the production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products in each consumer, locations of storage facilities and a number of transportation modes between the supply chain components. The model was applied to a case study for a distributed biorefinery system in Mexico. Results show that is possible to get the configuration and the behavior of the supply chain considering its dynamic behavior in a rigorous way; furthermore, the solutions obtained by the model illustrate that the supply chains based on biomass conversion are seriously affected by the availability of bioresources over the time.

A new logit‐artificial neural network ensemble for mode choice modeling: a case study for border transport

SummaryLogit model is one of the statistical techniques commonly used for mode choice modeling, while artificial neural network (ANN) is a very popular type of artificial intelligence technique used for mode choice modeling. Ensemble learning has evolved to be very effective approach to enhance the performance for many applications through integration of different models. In spite of this advantage, the use of ANN‐based ensembles in mode choice modeling is under explored. The focus of this study is to investigate the use of aforementioned techniques for different number of transportation modes and predictor variables. This study proposes a logit‐ANN ensemble for mode choice modeling and investigates its efficiency in different situations. Travel between Khobar‐Dammam metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia and Kingdom of Bahrain is selected for mode choice modeling. The travel on this route can be performed mainly by air travel or private vehicle through King Fahd causeway. The results show that the proposed ensemble gives consistently better accuracies than single models for multinomial choice problems irrespective of number of input variables. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The association between access to public transportation and self-reported active commuting.

Active commuting provides routine-based regular physical activity which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Using public transportation involves some walking or cycling to a transit stop, transfers and a walk to the end location and users of public transportation have been found to accumulate more moderate physical activity than non-users. Understanding how public transportation characteristics are associated with active transportation is thus important from a public health perspective. This study examines the associations between objective measures of access to public transportation and self-reported active commuting. Self-reported time spent either walking or cycling commuting each day and the distance to workplace were obtained for adults aged 16 to 65 in the Danish National Health Survey 2010 (n = 28,928). Access to public transportation measures were computed by combining GIS-based road network distances from home address to public transit stops an integrating their service level. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association between access to public transportation measures and active commuting. Distance to bus stop, density of bus stops, and number of transport modes were all positively associated with being an active commuter and with meeting recommendations of physical activity. No significant association was found between bus services at the nearest stop and active commuting. The results highlight the importance of including detailed measurements of access to public transit in order to identify the characteristics that facilitate the use of public transportation and active commuting.

Optimal planning and site selection for distributed multiproduct biorefineries involving economic, environmental and social objectives

Abstract Biorefineries appear to be a viable solution to replace traditional fossil fuel refineries, but their implementation requires the exploration of several aspects, including feedstock selection, processing routes, products, harvesting sites, processing and markets, as well as numerous other sustainability criteria. The optimal solution to these problems is not immediately obvious. Therefore, this study presents an optimization model to design and plan sustainable biorefinery supply chains that considers numerous relevant issues. These issues include the multiple available biomass feedstocks at various harvesting sites, the availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for the production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products in each market, locations of storage facilities and a number of transportation modes between the supply chain components. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed model by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance data in the evaluation of the supply chain designs. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective, multi-period, mixed-integer linear program that seeks to maximize the profit of the supply chain, minimize its environmental impact and maximize the number of jobs generated by its implementation. The environmental impact was measured by the Eco-indicator99 according to the life-cycle assessment technique, and the social objective was quantified by the number of jobs generated. The Pareto-optimal solutions were obtained using the e-constraint method. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed multi-site system model, a case study was presented that addresses the optimal design and planning of a biorefinery supply chain to fulfill the expected ethanol and biodiesel demands in Mexico. The results indicate that cost-effective and sustainable solutions can be obtained that satisfy Mexican demand by choosing feedstocks that are available year-round and do not significantly adversely impact the environment. Furthermore, the number of jobs generated by implementing the biorefinery supply chain would have a significant social impact.

Public Transport Maps in Western European Cities

The author toured 25 cities in 11 countries of western Europe during 1995, in order to study their public transport maps and to meet the people responsible for them. He found distinct French, Scandinavian, and Dutch styles in addition to the classic style of public transport map. Rules are proposed to govern the choice of mapping method, based on the number of transport modes, number of transport services, amount of overlap, and the use of colour coding in the streets. Schematic maps, resembling the London Underground map, are preferable for underground railways, but are definitely not suitable for buses. Factors in the design which need particular attention include: amount of base map detail, map size and purpose, emphasising the name of the terminus, the problem of insets, panels at interchange points, and background colours. Types of maps, previously rarely used, which should now be economically feasible since the introduction of computer mapping, include: maps of subsets, stop-specific route maps, and 'octopus' bus maps of districts. For these proposals to be put into practice, GIS and graphics software, skills and data, found in different departments, will have to be brought together. A checklist is provided to ensure that the best results are obtained with the classic style.