Total Number Of Offspring Research Articles

Assessing the chronic toxicity of climbazole to Daphnia magna: Physiological, biochemical, molecular, and reproductive perspectives

The widespread use of climbazole (CBZ) has led to its increased presence in aquatic environments, potentially threatening freshwater ecosystems. However, evidence regarding the harmful effects of CBZ on aquatic organisms remains limited. In this study, Daphnia magna was exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 20, and 200 μg/L for 21 days to evaluate its chronic toxicity through assessment of life-history traits, physiological parameters, biochemical analyses, and gene expression. The results indicated that CBZ exposure delayed the days to the first brood, reduced the frequency of molting per adult, decreased the offspring number at first brood, diminished the body length, and decreased both the total number of broods per female and the total number of offspring per female. Additionally, CBZ inhibited the swimming speed, filtration rate, and ingestion rate. Moreover, CBZ altered the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed varied responses in mRNA levels related to metabolic detoxification (cyp360a8, gst, and p-gp), digestive enzymes (α-amylase, α-esterase, and trypsin), energy (ak), oxygen transport (dhb), and reproduction (nvd, cyp314, ecr, vtg, and jhe) following CBZ exposure. These results indicate that the presence of CBZ in aquatic environments can induce toxicity by altering energy acquisition, supply, and metabolism; impairing metabolic detoxification pathways; eliciting oxidative stress; and causing reproductive toxicity in D. magna.

Prevalence of parenthood among hospitalized adult patients with severe mental illness: a quantitative data analysis.

In the Western world, more than one-third of the patients of productive age hospitalized for severe mental illness (SMI) are parents. Each of their offspring is exposed to several stressors related to their parent's illness and hospitalization, which puts them at an increased risk of developing mental health problems. In the Czech Republic, no statistics are currently available about the families of patients with SMI, inpatients who are parents, or data about their children (ages ≤18 years). Therefore, our research aim was to describe the prevalence of parenthood among hospitalized patients with SMI, assess the number of children and determine the extent to which offspring information was present in medical records. Quantitative data from medical records (2,768 patients, aged 18-63 years, hospitalized for SMI between 2017 and 2020) from two large inpatient psychiatric facilities were examined. Parental information, demographic characteristics, number of children, and other available data were collected. The prevalence of parenthood among inpatients with SMI was 34.6%. Parenthood was most prevalent among female patients and patients with recurrent depressive and bipolar disorders. The total number of offspring in 957 patient-parents was 1781 (41.7% minors under the age of 18). Information on parenthood was available in 99.7% of cases; information on the age of offspring, custody, and sociodemographic situation varies, being included in 73% to 89.7% of the medical records (some details were more frequently recorded than others). The data obtained may help to better understand and address the specifics of these families and thus serve as a basis for the development of prevention programs.

Carboxyfullerene C60 preserves porcine sperm by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting apoptosis and harmful bacteria.

This study used a porcine model to systematically investigate whether carboxyfullerene C60(CF-C60) can be used for sperm preservation. The results indicated that CF-C60 supplementation can preserve porcine sperm quality during storage at 17°C. This effect was attributable to an improvement in the antioxidant capacity of sperm through a decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Additionally, CF-C60 can maintain mitochondrial function, inhibit sperm apoptosis through the ROS/Cytochrome C (Cyt C)/Caspase 3 signaling pathway, and mediate suppression of bacterial growth through the effects of ROS. Finally, the results of artificial insemination experiments indicated that insemination with CF-C60-treated sperm can increase the total number of offspring born and reduce the number of deformed piglets. Thus, CF-C60 is safe for use as a component of semen diluent for sperm storage.

Reproductive toxicity and molecular responses induced by telmisartan in Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations

With aging population increasing globally, the use of pharmaceutically active compounds is rising. The cardiovascular drug telmisartan has been widely detected in various environmental compartments, including biota, surface waters, and sewage treatment plant effluents at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L levels. This study evaluated the effects of telmisartan on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna at a wide range of concentrations (0.35, 0.70, 1.40, 500, and 1000 μg/L) and revealed significant ecotoxicological implications of this drug, even at environmentally relevant concentration. Acute exposure to telmisartan (1.40, 500, and 1000 μg/L) resulted in a notable decrease in heart rate, while chronic exposure accelerated the time to the first brood by 3 days and reduced neonate body size. Molecular investigations revealed marked downregulation of vitellogenin genes (Vtg1 and Vtg2). Non-monotonic dose responses were observed for gene expression, early-stage body length, and the total number of offspring produced, while the heart rate and time to the first brood showed clear concentration-dependent responses. These findings highlight the potential risks, notably to reproductive capacity, associated with exposure to telmisartan in environmentally relevant concentration, suggesting the need for further studies on the potential long-term ecological consequences.

Morphological and life‐history trait plasticity of two Daphnia species induced by fish kairomones

AbstractDaphnia can avoid predation by sensing fish kairomones and producing inducible defenses by altering the phenotype. In this study, the results showed that the morphological and life‐history strategies of two Daphnia species (Daphnia pulex and Daphnia sinensis) exposed to Aristichthys nobilis kairomones. In the presence of fish kairomones, the two Daphnia species exhibited significantly smaller body length at maturity, smaller body length of offspring at the 10th instar, and longer relative tail spine of offspring. Nevertheless, other morphological and life‐history traits of the two Daphnia species differed. D. pulex showed a significantly longer relative tail spine length and earlier age at maturity after exposure to fish kairomones. The total offspring number of D. sinensis exposed to fish kairomones was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas that of D. pulex was significantly lower. These results suggest that the two Daphnia species have different inducible defense strategies (e.g., morphological and life‐history traits) during prolonged exposure to A. nobilis kairomones, and their offspring also develop morphological defenses to avoid predation. It will provide reference for further exploring the adaptive evolution of Daphnia morphology and life‐history traits in the presence of planktivorous fish.

Naturally occurring viruses of Drosophila reduce offspring number and lifespan.

Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host-virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported approximately 200 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterize the Drosophila immune response, and most characterization has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here, we use a more natural infection route to characterize the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory Drosophila melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster, although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster Nora virus, D. immigrans Nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host-virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.

Effects of microplastics on key reproductive and biochemical endpoints of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna

Human activities have directly impacted the environment, causing significant ecological imbalances. From the different contaminants resulting from human activities, plastics are of major environmental concern. Due to their high use and consequent discharge, plastics tend to accumulate in aquatic environments. There, plastics can form smaller particles (microplastics, MPs), due to fragmentation and weathering, which are more prone to interact with aquatic organisms and cause deleterious effects, including at the basis of different food webs. This study assessed the effects of two microplastics (polyethylene terephthalate, PET; and polypropylene, PP; both of common domestic use) in the freshwater cladoceran species Daphnia magna. Toxic effects were assessed by measuring reproductive traits (first brood and total number of offspring), and activities of biomarkers involved in xenobiotic metabolism (phase I: cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes CYP1A1, 1A2 and 3A4; phase II/conjugation: glutathione S-transferases; and antioxidant defense (catalase)). Both MPs showed a potential to significantly reduce reproductive parameters in D. magna. Furthermore, PET caused a significant increase in some isoenzymes of CYP450 in acutely exposed organisms, but this effect was not observed in chronically exposed animals. Similarly, the activity of the antioxidant defense (CAT) was significantly increased in acutely exposed animals, but not in chronically exposed organisms. This pattern of effects suggests a possible mechanism of long-term adaptation to the presence of the tested MPs. In conclusion, the herein tested MPs have shown the potential to induce deleterious effects on D. magna mainly observed in terms of the reproductive outcomes. Changes at the biochemical level seems transient and are not likely to occur in long term, environmentally exposed crustaceans.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES ANDTHEIR EFFECT ON FRESHWATER CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA RICHARD, 1894

Recently, due to active development of the pharmaceutical industry, an acute problem of environmental pollution with synthetic biologically active compounds has arisen. Benzimidazole is one of the most common pharmacophores in drugs. Substances containing even trace amount of benzimidazole can have a toxic effect on living systems. Moreover, they are not included in metabolic processes and do not decompose for a long time. Assessing the toxicity of benzimidazole derivatives, its stability in the aquatic environment, and the effect of benzimidazoles on biological parameters will make it possible to predict possible changes in the population dynamiccs of ceriodaphnia and other aquatic organisms.
 The purpose of the study is to assess the toxicity of benzimidazole derivatives and their effect on the survival and fertility of the freshwater Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894.
 Materials and Methods. Acute and chronic experiments determined standard indicators for toxicological studies: median lethal concentrations (LC50), crustacean lifespan, total number of offspring, number of litters per female, and average hatching time of juveniles. The stability of benzimidazole derivative toxicity was established by the crustacean mortality rate during a 30-day exposure.
 Results. Taking into account the structure of benzimidazole derivatives, the authors evaluated the toxicity of benzimidazole and its seven derivatives to ceriodaphnia over 48 hours based on the median lethal concentration. The highest toxicity was observed for 2-(trifluoromethyl)-5-bromo-1H-benzimidazole (LC50 2.4 mg/l), the lowest – for 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (LC50 109.7 mg/l). It was shown that long-term exposure to potassium pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-7-carboxylate (LC50 69.18 mg/l), 38 days of exposure at a concentration of 20 mg/l in a chronic experiment does not lead to a statistically significant change indicators of survival and fertility of ceriodaphnia. The assessment of the stability of potassium pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-7-carboxylate toxicity and the residual toxicity of its breakdown products revealed a relatively low stability of the toxicity of the compound.
 Conclusions. Toxicological assessment of benzimidazole derivatives for aquatic organisms showed the correlation between the toxicity and structural features.

Copper nanoparticles interfere with insecticide sensitivity, fecundity and endosymbiont abundance in olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The potential of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) to be used as an alternative control strategy against olive fruit flies (Bactrocera oleae) with reduced sensitivity to the pyrethroid deltamethrin and the impact of both nanosized and bulk copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) on the insect's reproductive and endosymbiotic parameters were investigated. The application of nanosized and bulk copper applied by feeding resulted in significant levels of adult mortality, comparable to or surpassing those achieved with deltamethrin at recommended doses. Combinations of Cu-NPs or copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) with deltamethrin significantly enhanced the insecticide's efficacy against B. oleae adults. When combined with deltamethrin, Cu-NPs significantly reduced the mean total number of offspring compared with the control, and the number of stings, pupae, female and total number of offspring compared with the insecticide alone. Both bulk and nanosized copper negatively affected the abundance of the endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola which is crucial for the survival of B. oleae larvae. The Cu-NPs can aid the control of B. oleae both by reducing larval survival and by enhancing deltamethrin performance in terms of toxicity and reduced fecundity, providing an effective anti-resistance tool and minimizing the environmental footprint of synthetic pesticides by reducing the required doses for the control of the pest. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Differential interference effects of thermal pollution on the induced defense of different body-sized cladocerans

Climate warming influences the biological activities of aquatic organisms, including feeding, growth, and reproduction, thereby affecting predator–prey interactions. This study explored the variation in thermal sensitivity of anti-predator responses in two cladoceran species with varying body sizes, Daphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. These species were cultured with or without the fish (Rhodeus ocellatus) kairomone at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C for 15 days. Results revealed that cladocerans of different body sizes exhibited varying responses to fish kairomones in aspects such as individual size, first-brood neonate size, total offspring number, average brood size, growth rate, and reproductive effort. Notably, low temperature differently affected defense responses in cladocerans of different body sizes. Both high and low temperatures moderated the intensity of the kairomone-induced response on body size at maturity. Additionally, low temperature reversed the reducing effect of fish kairomone on the total offspring number, average brood size, and reproductive effort in D. pulex. Conversely, it enhanced the increasing effect of fish kairomone on these parameters in C. cornuta. These results suggest that inducible anti-predator responses in cladocerans are modifiable by temperature. The differential effects of fish kairomones on various cladocerans under temperature influence offer crucial insights for predicting changes in predator–prey interactions within freshwater ecosystems under future climate conditions.

Improvement of nonsurgical artificial insemination with cryopreserved spermatozoa in Alexandromys montebelli, Japanese grass vole.

Microtus genus is the herbivorous animal with multiple stomachs, and some of them possess a mating system similar to human and thereby has been expected as a model animal for the large herbivory and human mating system model, respectively. Thus, it is significant to maintain Microtus as an animal genetic resource. We have studied the establishment of assisted reproductive technologies in Alexandromys. montebelli (formerly as Microtus motebelli: A. motebelli), and here, we investigated the effects of hypotaurine treatment to frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa and modified timing of nonsurgical artificial insemination (AI) on the number of offspring. As the results, regardless of without or with hypotaurine treatment, when the timing of nonsurgical AI was made closer to the estimated ovulation time (at 7-9 h post coitus), the total number of offspring derived from FT spermatozoa (27 and 28 pups, respectively) increased compared with AI at 4-6 h (five and six pups, respectively) and was equivalent to those of fresh spermatozoa (43 pups) or natural mating (33 pups). These results will lead to further dissemination of nonsurgical AI and could support the "3R principle," which is the standard philosophy of animal experiment because the procedure declines the stress and the recipient can be used repeatedly.

Exploring the association of parity and its interaction with history of preterm delivery on gestational duration

PurposePreterm delivery is a major cause of child mortality. While the relationship between parity and preterm delivery is known, its association with gestational duration and variability remains underexplored. Differences in variance may suggest interaction with other well-established risk factors. MethodsWith 1.1 million spontaneous deliveries (1990–2012) from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, we assessed while accounting for potential confounders the effects of parity on the mean and variance of gestational duration, and its possible interactions with history of preterm delivery. Pedigrees allowed to account for nonobserved, shared confounders using linear mixed models. ResultsParity has a modest association with mean gestational duration, but a large effect on its variance. For example, the first pregnancy had the shortest mean gestational duration, 0.29 days shorter (95% CI: −0.33, −0.25) than the second, and the largest variance (σ2 = 135 days2). Accounting for shared unobserved confounders highlighted a group effect bias, likely linked to the mothers’ total number of offspring. Parity interacts with other risk factors, including previous preterm delivery where the magnitude of its effect increases with parity (up to 4.6 days effect difference). ConclusionsNonshared factors across a mother's pregnancies highlight parity's importance to gain insight into the mechanisms governing the timing of delivery.

Evidence for stronger sexual selection in males than females using an adapted method of Bateman's classic study of Drosophila melanogaster.

Bateman's principles, originally a test of Darwin's theoretical ideas, has since become fundamental to sexual selection theory and vital to contextualising the role of anisogamy in sex differences of precopulatory sexual selection. Despite this, Bateman's principles have received substantial criticism, and researchers have highlighted both statistical and methodological errors, suggesting that Bateman's original experiment contains too much sampling bias for there to be any evidence of sexual selection. This study uses Bateman's original method as a template, accounting for two fundamental flaws in his original experiments, (i) viability effects and (ii) a lack of mating behaviour observation. Experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster consisted of wild-type focal individuals and non-focal individuals established by backcrossing the brown eye (bw -) eye-colour marker - thereby avoiding viability effects. Mating assays included direct observation of mating behaviour and total number of offspring, to obtain measures of mating success, reproductive success, and standardised variance measures based on Bateman's principles. The results provide observational support for Bateman's principles, particularly that (i) males had significantly more variation in number of mates compared to females and (ii) males had significantly more individual variation in total number of offspring. We also find significantly steeper Bateman gradient for males compared to females, suggesting that sexual selection is operating more intensely in males. However, female remating was limited, providing the opportunity for future study to further explore female reproductive success in correlation with higher levels of remating.

Effects of polycaprolactone degradation products on the water flea, Daphnia magna: Carbodiimide additives have acute and chronic toxicity.

Plastics have benefited our lives in many ways, but their long persistence in the environment causes serious problems. Rapid decomposition and detoxification of plastics after use are significant challenges. As a possible solution, biodegradable plastics have attracted attention, and for environmental risk assessment research on polymer toxicity, use of indicator organisms, like water fleas and fish, has increased globally. However, such research often focuses on standardized substances without considering changes in toxicity due to plastic degradation products. Additionally, tests generally focus on acute toxicity, while long-term effects on organismal reproduction and lifespan are largely unknown. Understanding the impact of degraded polymers on biological activities is crucial for accurate risk assessment. In this study, we investigated the biological toxicity of substances generated during degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL), a common biodegradable plastic, using the indicator organism, Daphnia magna. We examined PCL, oligocaprolactones (OCLs), and monomers resulting from polymer cleavage, as well as carbodiimides, added during polyester synthesis. As a result, PCL, which is insoluble in water, reduced individual survival and total number of offspring at an exposure concentration of 100 mg/L, while no toxicity was observed for water-soluble degradation products, OCLs, and monomers. Furthermore, carbodiimides, which are expected to be released during PCL degradation, showed strong toxicity, significantly reducing individual survival and total number of offspring at 0.1-10mg/L. These findings suggest that changes in physical properties due to polymer degradation and release of additives can significantly alter their toxicity.

EVALUATION OF TOXICITY OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA RICHARD, 1894

Recently, due to active development of the pharmaceutical industry, an acute problem of environmental pollution with synthetic biologically active compounds has arisen. Benzimidazole cycle is one of the most frequently encountered pharmacophores in drugs. Substances containing even microquantities of benzimidazole have a toxic effect on living systems. Besides, being alien to nature, benzimidazoles are not included in metabolic processes and do not decompose for a long time. Evaluation of benzimidazole toxicity, its stability in the aquatic environment, benzimidazole impact on biological parameters will make it possible to predict possible changes in the populations of ceriodaphnia and other aquatic organisms.
 The purpose of the work is to evaluate the toxicity of benzimidazole derivatives and their effect on the survival and fertility of Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894.
 Materials and Methods. In acute and chronic experiments, the authors determoined parameters standard for toxicological studies: median lethal concentrations (LC50), life expectancy, total number of offspring, number of litters per female, and average hatching time. The stability of the toxicity of benzimidazole derivatives was established in terms of Ceriodaphnia dubia lethality during a 30-day exposure.
 Results. The authors evaluated the toxicity of benzimidazole and its seven derivatives for ceriodaphnia in terms of the 48-hour median lethal concentration, depending on their structure. The highest toxicity was noted for 5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (LC50 2.4 mg/l), the lowest one for 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (LC50 109.7 mg/l). It has been shown that long-term exposure (38 days) to potassium salt of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid (LC50 69.18 mg/l) at a concentration of 20 mg/l in a chronic experiment does not lead to a statistically significant change in survival and fertility parameters of ceriodaphnia. Stability evaluation of toxicity of the potassium salt of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid and residual toxicity of its degradation products revealed a relatively low stability of the compound toxicity.
 Conclusion. The toxicological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives for hydrobionts showed the correlation between the degree of their toxicity and structural features.

Robustness of Hill's overlapping-generation method for calculating Ne to extreme patterns of reproductive success.

For species with overlapping generations, the most widely used method to calculate effective population size (Ne) is Hill's, the key parameter for which is lifetime variance in offspring number ([Formula: see text]). Hill's model assumes a stable age structure and constant abundance, and sensitivity to those assumptions has been evaluated previously. Here I evaluate the robustness of Hill's model to extreme patterns of reproductive success, whose effects have not been previously examined: (1) very strong reproductive skew; (2) strong temporal autocorrelations in individual reproductive success; and (3) strong covariance of individual reproduction and survival. Genetic drift (loss of heterozygosity and increase in allele frequency variance) was simulated in age-structured populations using methods that generated no autocorrelations or covariances (Model NoCor); or created strong positive (Model Positive) or strong negative (Model Negative) temporal autocorrelations in reproduction and covariances between reproduction and survival. Compared to Model NoCor, the other models led to greatly elevated or reduced [Formula: see text], and hence greatly reduced or elevated Ne, respectively. A new index is introduced (ρα,α+), which is the correlation between (1) the number of offspring produced by each individual at the age at maturity (α), and (2) the total number of offspring produced during the rest of their lifetimes. Mean ρα,α+ was ≈0 under Model NoCor, strongly positive under Model Positive, and strongly negative under Model Negative. Even under the most extreme reproductive scenarios in Models Positive and Negative, when [Formula: see text] was calculated from the realized population pedigree and used to calculate Ne in Hill's model, the result accurately predicted the rate of genetic drift in simulated populations. These results held for scenarios where age-specific reproductive skew was random (variance ≈ mean) and highly overdispersed (variance up to 20 times the mean). Collectively, these results are good news for researchers as they demonstrate the robustness of Hill's model even in extreme reproductive scenarios.

Correction to: 'Fasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish' (2023) by Ivimey-Cook et al.

Open AccessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Ivimey-Cook Edward R., Murray David S., de Coriolis Jean-Charles, Edden Nathan, Immler Simone and Maklakov Alexei A. 2023Correction to: ‘Fasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish’ (2023) by Ivimey-Cook et al.Proc. R. Soc. B.2902023087220230872http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0872SectionSupplemental MaterialOpen AccessCorrectionCorrection to: ‘Fasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish’ (2023) by Ivimey-Cook et al. Edward R. Ivimey-Cook Edward R. Ivimey-Cook http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-0443 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , David S. Murray David S. Murray Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Jean-Charles de Coriolis Jean-Charles de Coriolis Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Nathan Edden Nathan Edden Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Simone Immler Simone Immler http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-935X Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Alexei A. Maklakov Alexei A. Maklakov http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-1203 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Edward R. Ivimey-Cook Edward R. Ivimey-Cook http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-0443 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , David S. Murray David S. Murray Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Jean-Charles de Coriolis Jean-Charles de Coriolis Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Nathan Edden Nathan Edden Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Simone Immler Simone Immler http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-935X Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Alexei A. Maklakov Alexei A. Maklakov http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-1203 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:03 May 2023https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0872This article corrects the followingResearch ArticleFasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafishhttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1556 Edward R. Ivimey-Cook, David S. Murray, Jean-Charles de Coriolis, Nathan Edden, Simone Immler and Alexei A. Maklakov volume 290issue 1996Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences12 April 2023 Proc. R. Soc. B 290, 20221556 (Published Online 12 April 2023). (doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.1556) There was a mistake in the numbering of the supplementary tables. This has now been corrected. From: ‘(average reproduction EMM fed females: 92.7, fasted females: 105.0, contrast = 0.93, p = 0.566; electronic supplementary material, Table S8) resulting in a comparable total number of offspring between fed and fasted treatments (although we note the large increase in total number of offspring for females as they transition from fasting to refeeding; Total offspring: fed = 240, fasted = 281, estimate = 0.856, p = 0.509; electronic supplementary material, Table S9).’ To: ‘(average reproduction EMM fed females: 92.7, fasted females: 105.0, contrast = 0.93, p = 0.566; electronic supplementary material, table S8a), resulting in a comparable total number of offspring between fed and fasted treatments (although we note the large increase in total number of offspring for females as they transition from fasting to refeeding; total offspring: fed = 240, fasted = 281, estimate = 0.856, p = 0.509; electronic supplementary material, table S8b).’ Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesFasting increases investment in soma upon refeeding at the cost of gamete quality in zebrafish12 April 2023Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences This Issue10 May 2023Volume 290Issue 1998 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0872PubMed:37132242Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1471-2954History: Manuscript received13/04/2023Manuscript accepted13/04/2023Published online03/05/2023Published in print10/05/2023 License:© 2023 The Authors.Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Citations and impact Subjectsevolution Large datasets are available through Proceedings B's partnership with Dryad

EFFECTS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ALGAE AND MICROPLASTICS ON LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS OF DAPHNIA PULEX CLONES

Microplastic (MP) pollution is potentially a big threat to many aquatic organisms. However, we currently know very little about the effects of small MPs on phenotypes and the extent to which genetic and environmental factors modify the effects of MPs. I studied the direct and indirect effects of 9.5 - 11.5 μm polystyrene microspheres on the life history traits (time to maturation, total number of offspring, size of adults) of Daphnia pulex clone Bel 19 and Bel 87. The D. pulex clones were exposed to two different concentrations (low 0.001 mg/l and high 1 mg/l) of MP. Each clone had two groups of individuals. One group of individuals was fed with algae food (no MP aging) to observe direct effects, and another group with algae food (MP aging) to observe indirect effects on the life history traits. MPs were aged in algae suspension for 7 days. Individuals were fed with an amount of carbon concentration 1 mg/l. I used laboratory exposure to answer the research questions - 1) do D. pulex clones differ in the susceptibility to MP pollution in terms of life history traits? and 2) are there any signicant differences between direct and indirect effects of MPs on life history traits of D. pulex clones? The results from the study showed that the D. pulex clones differ signicantly in the susceptibility to MP pollution in terms of the observed life history traits, which demonstrate the importance of incorporating genetic variation into the assessments of the impacts of plastic particle exposure. Signicant differences were also observed between the direct and indirect effects of MP on life history traits of D. pulex clones. Among the observed traits, time to maturation is the most affected one by indirect effect with the largest effect size (almost 3 times higher than the direct effect size). The results indicate that indirect ecological effects might lead to effect thresholds at levels considered eld relevant to the direct effects

The Impact of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Fatherhood in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Mixed-Method Study.

Multiple studies have demonstrated that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exert a significant extent of control over chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), as evidenced by studies such as the population-based Swedish CML registry, which found that patients reaching age 70 had a relative survival rate close to one when compared to the general population. Consequently, new perspectives on the safety of treatments have emerged, particularly in the context of their impact on fatherhood in men.According to the authors, this is the first study to examine the effect of TKIs on fatherhood in CML patients. Methods: A single-center, mixed-design study (retrospective data review and phone interviews) was conducted with CML male patients in the chronic or accelerated phase, evaluating the effect of imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib on their fatherhood, irrespective of whether they were administered as a first, second, or third line of treatment. The study included interviews with 150 patients. Included were 27 patients. The average age was approximately 44.5 years. One hundred percent of the patients were in the chronic phase. The median age at first conception following TKI therapy was 36, and the median duration of TKI therapy was approximately seven years. The total number of offspring was 49; 98% were born at term and had a normal birth weight. No reports of stillbirths, fetal deaths, or congenital malformations were made. All the offspring grew and developed normally. No CML-related cancers were reported in any of the newborns. Around 98% of male CML patients receiving imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib did not experience a negative impact on their fatherhood or the health of their children. However, improved education for patients beginning treatment with TKIs addresses the potential psychological worry of having an unfavorable effect on their fertility or offspring, which may increase medication adherence.

The Outcome of Fatherhood in Patients With Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Single-Institution Experience.

BackgroundFertility is a highly complex subject; it involves more than one individual and has profound psychological and economic implications. Moreover, it is affected by several factors, including age, significant systemic illness in either partner, exposure to environmental toxins, medications, or radiation. In patients with malignancy, fertility is more complicated. Patients with a malignancy might have reduced fertility due to the disease, medication, and radiation. Besides the reduced fertility, there are more concerns regarding the subsequent effect of cancer treatment on their offspring and the possibility of having healthy children. There were many studies regarding fertility in patients with cancer; however, in male patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), there are very limited data.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to see the outcome of fatherhood in male patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) whether on treatment or not.MethodsA retrospective mixed-design study of male patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN was followed up in our institute (National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR)), Doha, Qatar, between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2020. Patients were interviewed regarding fertility-related information. All included patients had a confirmed diagnosis of Philadelphia-negative MPN according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 or WHO 2016 criteria for MPN, aged more than 18 years old.ResultsA total of 124 male patients were interviewed, and only 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the patients were lost to follow-up or could not be contacted, and 28.8% of the excluded patients had their families completed by the time of diagnosis. The treatment received included hydroxycarbamide (n=8), pegylated interferon 2 alpha (n=10), ruxolitinib (n=1), and phlebotomy (n=1). The mean duration of exposure to treatment before pregnancy was 4.7 years. The mode of delivery was normal vaginal delivery in 71.4% of the pregnancies. The total number of offspring was 30, and the total number of conceptions was 30.ConclusionOur data showed that most Philadelphia-negative MPN male patients on treatment had their offspring born normally with no serious complications, congenital anomalies, or reports of MPN-related cancers. Patients’ concerns regarding fertility should be addressed well to ensure a better quality of life.