Number Of Syllables Research Articles

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Equitable Healthcare Access for Breast Implant Patients

Abstract The recently mandated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) patient decision checklists were developed with the goal of improving the informed decision-making process for patients considering breast implants. Yet, prior research has demonstrated that these checklists are written at reading levels far in excess of that recommended by the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association. Patients considering breast implants are required to sign these forms prior to surgery, even if they have little to no comprehension of their contents. This study aims to improve the accessibility, and therefore the utility, of the mandated FDA patient literature using the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI). Patient decision checklists were obtained from the three most utilized breast implant manufacturers in the United States– Allergan, Mentor, and Sientra. AI was then asked to synthesize a novel patient decision checklist, written at the 6th grade reading level, using these checklists as source material. The AI-assisted checklist was edited by plastic surgeons for both formatting and content. Readability analysis of all documents was performed using the Flesch Reading-Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning-Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook, and Automated Readability Index. Textual analysis included sentence count, word count, number and percentage of complex words, average number of words per sentence, and average number of syllables per word. The overall readability of Allergan, Mentor, and Sientra patient checklists correlated with the college reading level. These documents were of a statistically significantly higher reading level the AI-assisted checklist, which was written at the recommended 6th grade level. Text composition analysis similarly demonstrated substantial differences between the AI-assisted and FDA mandated literature. The currently mandated breast implant patient checklists are written at a college reading level and are inaccessible to the average patient. We propose a new patient decision checklist, generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence, in order to improve healthcare access within plastic surgery. This simplified material can be used as an adjunct to the current checklists in order to improve shared decision making.

Validation of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index Version 03.01 in Turkish

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) version 3.01 in the Turkish-speaking population. Materials and methodsConcatenated voice samples of the sustained vowel [a:] and continuous speech were collected from 127 dysphonic and 128 normophonic participants. The auditory-perceptual evaluation was performed by five experienced raters using the Grade parameter of the GRBAS scale. Rater reliability, concurrent validity, diagnostic accuracy, and differences between normophonic and dysphonic groups were analyzed for the AVQI version 3.01. ResultsThe number of syllables for the standardized reading text with the concatenation of the voiced parts lasting around 3 seconds (mean=3.84s) was 36. The ICC values of intra-rater reliability of G scores of five raters were excellent (mean ICC=0.934), and of inter-rater reliability they varied between moderate and excellent (mean ICC=0.786). AVQIv3 demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy with AUC = 0.906 in identifying disrupted versus normal voice quality. With sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 94%, AVQIv3 = 2.345 was the cut-off point that differentiated most accurately between normophonic and dysphonic voices in Turkish. ConclusionAVQIv3 is an ecologically valid tool for objective differentiation between dysphonic and normal voices in the Turkish language.

Investigation of comparative Nonword repetition performance in multiple sclerosis: Group differences, subtype variations, and disability effects

This study investigated Nonword Repetition (NWR) tasks in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) compared to healthy controls (HC), focusing on phonological working memory (WMP). Significant differences were found in NWR acurracy (NWRacc) score between MS subgroups and HC (H = 48.2, p < 0.001). NWRacc decreased as the number of syllables increased in both groups, indicating increased cognitive load. All MS subtypes showed lower NWRacc compared to HC across varying syllable lengths (Mann Whitney U Test: two syllables U = 64.5, p < 0.001; three syllables U = 183, p < 0.001; four syllables U = 248, p < 0.001; five syllables U = 283.5, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found within MS subtypes based on syllable length. NWRacc did not differ between mild and severe MS groups. Overall, the NWR test effectively assessed WMP in MS, highlighting its utility in diagnosing and addressing language-cognitive challenges in individuals with MS. This underscores the importance of tailored intervention strategies to mitigate these challenges.

Patient-friendliness of ChatGPT responses: NSCLC targeted therapy.

231 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) targeted therapies are complex, often requiring extensive patient education beyond what can be conveyed in a single provider visit. Given the average US reading level is at the 8th grade, and many patients seek additional information online, it is vital to evaluate the readability of online resources. This study aims to determine the patient friendliness of information provided by AI chatbots like ChatGPT in explaining NSCLC targeted therapies compared to other commonly accessed sources. Methods: This analysis included targeted therapies approved by the FDA for EGFR-mutated NSCLC: Afatinib, Erlotinib, Osimertinib, Dacomitinib, and Gefitinib. Information sources included ChatGPT 4, ChatGPT 3.5, the Patient Information section of the FDA label, and the Google featured snippet. Each version of ChatGPT was queried 10 times for each individual therapy – “My doctor is suggesting starting therapy with (Drug Name). What can I expect with this medication?”. All responses, labels, and snippets were examined by Microsoft Word for word count (WC) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), which considers average sentence length and number of syllables per word to assess readability. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA in SAS. Results: Across all therapies, Mean FRES for ChatGPT 4 was 31.21, ChatGPT 3.5 26.69, FDA labels 50.78, and Google snippets 33.1. Mean WC for ChatGPT 4 was 312.54, ChatGPT 3.5 355.78, FDA labels 1220, and Google snippets 42. Significant differences in FRES were found among sources for Afatinib (p-value &lt;0.0001), Erlotinib (p-value 0.0206), Osimertinib (p-value &lt;0.0001), Dacomitinib (p-value 0.0125), and Gefitinib (p-value &lt;0.0001). Significant differences in WC were also found among sources for Afatinib (p-value &lt;0.0001), Erlotinib (p-value &lt;0.0001), Osimertinib (p-value &lt;0.0001), and Gefitinib (p-value 0.0045). No significant difference in WC was found for Dacomitinib (p-value 0.2807). Conclusions: While the FDA label provided the most readable information, none of the sources aligned with the average 8th-grade reading level in the US, indicating a gap in accessible patient education for NSCLC targeted therapies. Notably, readability varies significantly between ChatGPT versions, affecting accessibility for users of the free version, ChatGPT 3.5. Although ChatGPT responses are more succinct compared to the verbose FDA labels, their higher education-level readability presents a barrier to comprehension. This study highlights the need for further research into optimizing AI-generated patient education materials to be both accurate and comprehensible at appropriate reading levels, thereby improving health communication strategies.

Frequency-dependence may moderate fitness costs linked to reduced bird song complexity.

Animal cultures can undergo rapid changes associated with innovations, revolutions or population decline. Where a rapid shift results in reduced complexity of cultural behaviours, it may have fitness consequences for individuals. Here, we report a dramatic shift in the dominant song type of critically endangered wild regent honeyeaters Anthochaera phrygia. Between 2015 and 2019, most males in the Blue Mountains sang a typical regent honeyeater song (typical Blue Mountains song), but 5%-10% sang an abbreviated version of the song with half the number of syllables (the clipped Blue Mountains song), which was associated with lower pairing success. Since 2020, the proportion of males singing the clipped Blue Mountains song has increased to 50%-75% each year. The likelihood of successful pairing in these males showed a significant concomitant increase, suggesting that the fitness costs associated with the abbreviated song decreased as it became the dominant song type. Our results suggest that the fitness consequences of loss of song complexity in declining and fragmented populations may be ameliorated by frequency-dependent shifts in song type preference.

METRICAL STRESS IN MANDAR PHONOLOGY AND POETRY

This short paper is to extend the theory of metrical phonology to the system of stress in one language of Indonesia: Mandar. As the subfamily of South Sulawesi language, Mandar is spoken on the northern coast of West Sulawesi province, from the city of Polewali in the east to the town of Tinambung in the west. The data itself is gathered from native Mandar speaker which provides a good representation of the language. This paper has surveyed the distribution of word-level stress in Mandar from the perspective of the theory of metrical phonology. It has shown that the language typically requires each prosodic word to host a single instance of stress on penultimate syllable. The final proposal is to have the stress pattern emerge from the construction of a single disyllabic trochee at the right edge of the word, with the trochee requires first syllable to be heavy (CVC or CVV) and second syllable to be light (CV or CVC as word-final consonant are non-moraic, but not CVV). From this position, we have shown that our metrical analysis allows us to see another property of traditional Kalinda’da’ poetry: beyond showing a regular number of syllables in each line, these poems also require different numbers of stresses. We leave it to future work to extend this result.

Photoperiodism, testosterone and adult neurogenesis in canaries (Serinus canaria).

Domestic strains of canaries (Serinus canaria) variably respond to photoperiod changes and apparently stay in breeding state for extended periods. Fife Fancy canaries are supposed to be similar to the native species living at 27-39° north where photoperiod significantly changes across the year. Our birds showed reproductive cycles when exposed to light regimes mimicking the annual cycle of photoperiod. However after 6 months in short days (SD: 8L:16D), males developed large testes, as observed by X-ray tomography, and intense singing. Switching to long days (LD: 16L:8D) did not further increase song rate nor testes size but increased song duration, number of syllables per song, and trill occurrence frequency. No sign of regression was observed after 12 weeks in LD but return to SD produced a rapid decrease in testes size and singing activity below values in birds maintained throughout in SD. Fife Fancy thus does not seem to develop absolute but only relative refractoriness. The relatively high singing activity expressed by SD-photosensitive males does not seem to depend on high testosterone (T) concentrations. Singing did not correlate with plasma testosterone (T). Treatment with ATD + Flutamide only marginally decreased song rate and did not affect song quality nor song control nuclei volume. These birds are either supersensitive to low T levels or their reproductive physiology is activated by other mechanisms. Neurogenesis is increased by T and by LD but the function of new neurons incorporated in HVC is poorly understood. We developed a procedure based on X-ray focal irradiation to deplete neural progenitors adjacent to HVC and study the functional consequences. The decrease in neurogenesis increased the variability of T-induced songs in females and decreased their bandwidth. Neurogenesis in HVC thus plays a role in song production and X-ray focal irradiation represents an excellent tool to analyze adult neurogenesis.

Echivalența versurilor în subtitrări ale filmelor Disney

This paper proposes a detailed analysis of the translation process of Disney movies´ lyrics, focusing on the concept of lexical equivalence and ways of correspondence between English and Romanian. Three Disney musical films – „Frozen” (2013), „The Lion King” (1994 and 2019), and „Moana” (2016) – are selected to illustrate various lexical contexts, highlighting the ways in which words and phrases are translated and adapted to preserve the melodicity of the lyrics. The analysis also focuses on translation errors, explaining the reasons for them and offering suggestions for replacing those lyrics. In the context of translation theory, it is emphasized that the process of transfer from source to target language involves creating an equivalence that preserves the specific features of the original text. Through the Disney films, the text explores the phenomenon of equivalence in lexical correspondence, which is partial in most cases. It also discusses the particularities of verse translation, focusing on the restrictions and challenges faced by the translator, such as adjusting the number of syllables to match the musical notes. Aspects such as repetition of words and phrases, placement of punctuation marks and rhythmic characteristics of the vocal line are also considered in the translation process. In addition to linguistic issues, this analysis explores the influence of Disney films on culture and language in childhood, highlighting the importance of adapting texts written for children to moral rules and age appropriateness. By addressing these issues, the paper provides a significant insight into understanding the complexity of the translation process and how it influences the reception of cultural elements between different languages.

Is ChatGPT an Accurate and Readable Patient Aid for Third Molar Extractions?

Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) (Open AI, San Francisco, California, USA) have the capacity to answer health-related questions. It remains unknown whether AI can be a patient-friendly and accurate resource regarding third molar extraction. The purpose was to determine the accuracy and readability of AI responses to common patient questions regarding third molar extraction. This is a cross sectional in-silico assessment of readability and soundness of a computer-generated report. Not applicable. Accuracy, or the ability to provide clinically correct and relevant information, was determined subjectively by 2 reviewers using a 5-point Likert scale, and objectively by comparing responses to American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) clinical consensus papers. Readability, or how easy a piece of text is to read, was assessed using the Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) and Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Both assess readability based on mean number of syllables per word, and words per sentence. To be deemed "readable", FKRE should be >60 and FKGL should be <8. Not applicable. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings of this study. AI-generated responses above the recommended level for the average patient (FKRE: 52; FKGL: 10). The average Likert score was 4.36, suggesting that most responses were accurate with minor inaccuracies or missing information. AI correctly deferred to the provider in instances where no definitive answer exists. Of the responses that addressed content in AAOMS consensus papers, 18/19 responses closely aligned with them. All prompts did not provide citations or references. AI was able to provide mostly accurate responses, and content was closely aligned with AAOMS guidelines. However, responses were too complex for the average third molar extraction patient, and were deficient in citations and references. It is important for providers to educate patients on the utility of AI, and to decide whether to recommend using it for information. Ultimately, the best resource for answers is from the practitioners themselves because the AI platform lacks clinical experience.

Longitudinal Observation of Text Reading Fluency in 1st Graders with and without Dyslexia

Objectives: Text reading fluency is an important skill for students using Korean which has a transparent orthography system. This study longitudinally observed text reading fluency in Korean first-grade students with and without dyslexia over 3 semesters. Methods: Forty children with dyslexia and forty typically developing children participated in the study. They were grouped based on their performance at the beginning of the second grade. All students exhibited normal levels of listening comprehension and nonverbal intelligence. Over the three semesters, participants read six texts at various decoding levels. We then analyzed the number of correctly read syllables per 10 seconds, text reading accuracy, and speed. Results: Both the dyslexia and typically developing group showed significant differences in the number of syllables read per 10 seconds at all time points. Text reading accuracy improved significantly from first to second semester of first grade for both the dyslexia and typically developing group. By first semester of second grade, students with dyslexia achieved approximately 80% accuracy. While dyslexic students’ reading speed significantly improved from second semester of first grade to the first semester of second grade, they remained slower than typically developing students. Typically developing students showed consistent improvements in reading speed across all time points. Conclusion: When intervening with lower-grade students with dyslexia in Korea, it’s crucial to conduct not only decoding but also text-level fluency activities. Providing individualized texts that are decodable for dyslexic children seems to be essential.

Emotion effects survive non-standard orthographic representations

ABSTRACT Digital communication has generated forms of written speech that may deviate from standard ones, such as Greeklish (a Latin-alphabet-based script) vs. Greek. The question of interest is how different orthographic representations of the same referent (e.g. petaloyda, “butterfly”, in Greeklish vs. πϵταλούδα “butterfly” in Greek) may influence word processing, particularly visual word recognition and access to affective connotations. 120 Greek native speakers were tested on a lexical decision task, in which script (Greeklish vs. Greek) and valence (positive vs. negative vs. neutral) were manipulated within participants. Words were matched for word class, frequency, concreteness, length, number of syllables and orthographic neighbourhood. Emotional words differed from neutral ones in valence and arousal. Results yielded faster response times for words written in the standard script (Greek) than the non-standard script (Greeklish). Moreover, regardless of script, response times were negatively correlated with the words’ valence, with slowest responses for negative words and fastest for positive ones, suggesting that positive content accelerates lexical access, whereas negative content slows it down. To sum up, although script type was found to affect word recognition, activation of and access to emotional content seemed to resist non-standard characteristics of visual word processing.

EVALUATION OF READABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF TURKISH WEBSITES ON LOW BACK PAIN

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the readability and readability of Turkish websites containing information about low back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In February 2022, a search was performed by typing the word "low back pain" into Google's search engine (https://www.google.com). Commercial websites, advertising sites, chat sites, forum sites, magazine sites, sites containing only images or videos, and sites with fewer than 10 sentences were excluded from the study. Reliability scores were calculated using the mean syllable count, the mean number of words with 4 or more syllables, and Ateşman's and Bezirci-Yılmaz's scores for readability, JAMA, and DISCERN. RESULTS: The mean number of syllables and words with 4 or more syllables was 2.78 (1.68-3.20) and 3.74 (0.36-6.31), respectively. The mean Ateşman, Bezirci-Yılmaz, and readability scores were 56.10 (29.77-100.00) and 12.80 (1.88-20.01), respectively, and the JAMA and DISCERN reliability scores were 1.06 (0-2) and 43.00 (26.00-67.00), respectively. CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, it was found that the readability, quality, and reliability of texts on Turkish websites containing information about low back pain are at a very low level.

The Association Between Task Complexity and Cortical Language Mapping Accuracy.

Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) mapping enables the identification of functional language regions within and around gliomas before tumor resection. Intraoperative mapping is required because glioma-infiltrated cortex engages in synchronous activity during task performance in a manner similar to normal-appearing cortex but has decreased ability to encode information for complex tasks. It is unknown whether task complexity influenced DCS mapping results. We aim to understand correlations between audiovisual picture naming (PN) task complexity and DCS error rate. We also asked what functional and oncological factors might be associated with higher rates of erroneous responses. We retrospectively reviewed intraoperative PN and word reading (WR) task performance during awake DCS language mapping for resection of dominant hemisphere World Health Organization grade 2 to 4 gliomas. The complexity of word tested in PN/WR tasks, patient characteristics, and tumor characteristics were compared between correct and incorrect trials. Between 2017 and 2021, 74 patients met inclusion criteria. At median 18.6 months of follow-up, 73.0% were alive and 52.7% remained recurrence-free. A total of 2643 PN and 978 WR trials were analyzed. A greater number of syllables in PN was associated with a higher DCS error rate (P = .001). Multivariate logistic regression found that each additional syllable in PN tasks independently increased odds of error by 2.40 (P < .001). Older age was also an independent correlate of higher error rate (P < .043). World Health Organization grade did not correlate with error rate (P = .866). More severe language impairment before surgery correlated with worse performance on more complex intraoperative tasks (P < .001). A higher error rate on PN testing did not correlate with lower extent of glioma resection (P = .949). Word complexity, quantified by the number of syllables, is associated with higher error rates for intraoperative PN tasks but does not affect extent of resection.

Validation of an elicited Imitation test as a measure of Korean language proficiency

This study presents a modified version of the Korean Elicited Imitation (EI) test, designed to resemble natural spoken language, and validates its reliability as a measure of proficiency. The study assesses the correlation between average test scores and Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) levels, examining score distributions among beginner, intermediate, and advanced learner groups. Using item response theory (IRT), the study explores the influence of four key facets—learners, items, raters, and constructs—on performance evaluation. An explanatory item response modeling (EIRM) analysis identified linguistic factors impacting the EI test’s performance. Notably, the study uncovered a robust positive correlation between EI test scores and TOPIK levels. Significant score disparities were observed between beginner and intermediate, as well as beginner and advanced, learner cohorts. An IRT-based exploration of each facet revealed that item difficulty was comparatively lower in contrast to learners’ commendable performance, and raters exhibited a high degree of scoring consistency. The EIRM analysis underscores the significance of variables such as the number of syllables, vocabulary score, and content word density in influencing test performance.

نظام النبر في المفردات الإنجليزية المستعارة في القصيمية العربية: تحليلات مبنية على نظرية الأفضلية اللغوية

The current paper examines the stress system of English loanwords as used by Qassimi Arabic (QA henceforth) speakers. It specifically conducts an optimality theory (OT) analysis of stress assignment of English borrowed words as uttered by QA speakers. The paper mainly seeks to investigate how stress is assigned in loanwords with different syllable types and syllable numbers, and how optimality accounts for it. The data in the paper are collected from previous studies as well as QA speakers. They are analyzed by the researcher using a number of markedness as well as alignment optimality constraints. It is found that stress assignment in English loanwords is adapted to the stress system of QA. Therefore, the ranking of OT constraints of borrowed English words is the same as that of original Qassimi Arabic words. The researcher concludes that QA stress system is well described and justified using the OT analysis.

A Brief Study of Chandas in Sanskrit

Sanskrit prosody or Chandas refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic studies. It is the study of poetic metres and verse in Sanskrit. This field of study was central to the composition of the Vedas, the scriptural canons of Hinduism, so central that some later Hindu and Buddhist texts refer to the Vedas as Chandas. The Chandas, as developed by the Vedic schools, were organized around seven major metres, and each had its own rhythm, movements and aesthetics. Sanskrit metres include those based on a fixed number of syllables per verse, and those based on fixed number of morae per verse. Extant ancient manuals on Chandas include Pingala'sChandah Sutra, while an example of a medieval Sanskrit prosody manual is KedaraBhatta'sVrittaratnakara. The most exhaustive compilations of Sanskrit prosody describe over 600 metres. This is a substantially larger repertoire than in any other metrical tradition.

The role of cerebellum in learned vocal communication in adult songbirds

Injury, tumors, ischemia, and lesions in the cerebellum show the involvement of this region in human speech. The association of the cerebellum with learned birdsong has only been identified recently. Cerebellar dysfunction in young songbirds causes learning disabilities, but its role in adult songbirds has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in adult birdsong. We created bilateral excitotoxic lesions in the DCN of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and recorded their songs for up to 4 months. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry, we validated the lesion efficacy. We found that the song duration significantly increased from 14 weeks post-op; the increase in duration was caused by a greater number of introductory notes as well as a greater number of syllables sung after the introductory notes. On the other hand, the motif duration decreased from 8 weeks after DCN lesions were induced, which was due to faster singing of syllables, not changes in inter-syllable interval length. DCN lesions also caused a decrease in the fundamental frequency of syllables. In summary, we showed that DCN lesions influence the temporal and acoustic features of birdsong. These results suggest that the cerebellum influences singing in adult songbirds.

From emotional signals to symbols.

The quest for the origins of language is a diverse enterprise, where research from a variety of disciplines brings area-specific ideas and area-specific terminology to bear. This variety often results in misunderstandings and misconceptions about communication in various species. In the present paper, we argue for focus on emotional systems as the primary motivators for social signals in animals in general. This focus can help resolve discrepancies of interpretation among different areas of inquiry and can illuminate distinctions among different social signals as well as their phylogenetic origins in animals and especially in humans. We advocate, following Jaak Panksepp, a view wherein the Seeking System, the endogenous tendency to search and explore, is the most fundamental emotional motivation. The Seeking System forms the basis for flexible, voluntary, and exploratory control of motor systems and makes much of learning possible. The relative lack of vocal learning and expression in nonhuman primates contrasted with extensive vocal learning and expression in humans began, we propose, with the evolution in ancient hominins of a necessary foundation for the many subsequent capabilities required for language. That foundation was, according to the reasoning, naturally selected in the form of neurological connections between the Seeking System and mechanisms of glottal/phonatory control. The new connections allowed ancient hominins to develop flexible, endogenous vocal fitness signals produced at very high rates and including large numbers of discrete syllables, recombinable to form syllable combinations with many prosodic variations. The increasing sociality of hominins supported evolution of massive expansion in the utilization of these flexible vocal forms to allow development of words and sentences.

The recurring collocation of vreiðr and vega in Old Norse poetry

Poetry in early Germanic vernaculars exhibits variations on a metrical form predicated on a pattern of alliterating stressed syllables linking two halves of a line (in contrast to syllabic metres in which scansion requires a fixed number of syllables per line). This gave rise to the phenomenon of recurring alliterative collocations: the repeated combination of alliterating words or word-roots within a given poetic corpus. It is likely that such collocations originated, like formulae in oral-formulaic theory developed by Milman Parry and A.B. Lord, as building blocks for extempore composition during performance. However, there is strong evidence that Old Norse poetry was composed deliberatively and memorized for performance. Recurring collocations in Old Norse verse therefore reflect conscious artistic design rather than compositional expediency. This article focuses on one such collocation—the adjective vreiðr (angry) and the verb vega (to fight, to strike)—as a case study of the way in which composers of Old Norse eddic verse exploited the traditional resonances of certain collocations to shape audience understanding of character and plot.

Investigation into the Vocabulary and their Origin of the Poems in the 3rd Grade Turkish Textbooks and Workbooks

A good Turkish education is necessary in order to raise generations who can use their language correctly and effectively. This education is usually given from the Turkish textbooks of the Ministry of National Education, which are used in schools and considered as the primary source. However, the adequacy and comprehensiveness of the number of Turkish words in the textbooks is a controversial issue. In this study, it is aimed to determine the number of letters, syllables, words and different words in the poems calibrated in Turkish 3rd Grade Textbooks and workbooks by Private Publication (PP) and the Turkish 3rd Grade textbooks and workbooks prepared by Ministry of National Education Publications (MoNE) via using the document review method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and to find the origins of the words in the poems. According to the findings obtained in the study, there are total of 719 words, 606 different words, 1770 syllables and 4278 letters in total in 13 poems in PP Turkish 3 coursebooks. 78.84% of these words are Turkish, 21.16% of which are words of foreign origin. There are 789 words, 649 different words, 1876 syllables and 4551 letters in total in 14 poems in MoNE1 Turkish 3 coursebooks. It is seen that 71.82% of these words are Turkish and 28.18% are foreign words. There are 281 words, 231 different words, 684 syllables and 1662 letters in total in 7 poems in MoNE2 Turkish 3 workbooks. It is seen that 78.76% of these words are Turkish and 21.24% are foreign words. It is assumed that the results of the research will give ideas to review the textbooks and to develop different techniques in vocabulary teaching.