Number Of Stressors Research Articles

The role of mesoscale-driven connectivity patterns in coral recovery around Moorea and Tahiti, French Polynesia

Coral reefs are declining due to anthropogenic warming. Nonetheless, some have recovered quickly from repeated bleaching events. Coral recovery depends on adaptation capabilities, fishing pressure, overall number of stressors, reef conditions before the event, and degree of connectivity. Coral reefs that are connected to many others can receive viable larvae and regain coverage faster. Around Moorea and Tahiti, within the Society Islands of French Polynesia, coral cover has regained its previous levels rapidly, despite several mass bleaching events over the past three decades. Here it is explored whether the connectivity with distant reefs may support such recovery by modeling the transport of coral larvae around the islands over 28 years. Ocean currents enable connectivity with the Tuamotu Islands, ~ 250 km to the northeast, that act as sources to Moorea and Tahiti for pelagic larval durations of three weeks or longer. The circulation around Moorea and Tahiti is very dynamic; mesoscale eddies can also halt the connectivity with the Tuamotu Islands and sporadically transport larvae from reefs to the west and southeast instead. With many undisturbed coral reefs within a 300 km radius and strong mesoscale variability, a dynamic, long-range connectivity may explain the recovery of reefs around Moorea and Tahiti.

Ongoing, Chronic Stress Exposure Is Related to Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function Among Young Adults Irrespective of Subjective Appraisal of Stressor Severity

Introduction: Chronic stress is associated with cardiovascular morbidity independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Vascular endothelial function (VEF) is predictive of cardiovascular risk and is reduced in response to transient and chronic psychosocial stress. While dominant stress theories (i.e., differential exposure model) posit that stress exposure explains health disparities, it has also been hypothesized that the subjective experience of these stressors — or stress appraisal — may also influence the effects of stress exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal on VEF in young adults. Our hypothesis was that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than stress appraisal, would be more strongly and inversely associated with VEF. We further conceptualized that stress appraisal would moderate the association between stress exposure and VEF. Methods: In 64, healthy young adults (75% Female; age = 25 ± 5 y), we assessed cumulative, chronic stress exposure with a measure that quantified ongoing exposure to 8 specific stressors over the last 12 months. For each chronic stress exposure reported, participants rated the perceived stressor severity using a 3-point Likert scale ( 1 = not upsetting, 2 = somewhat upsetting, 3 = very upsetting). The number of stressors was used as the indicator of ongoing, chronic stress exposure, while the average stressor severity was used as the indicator of stress appraisal. We assessed VEF using the brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) technique normalized to the shear rate stimulus (%·[s1×10−2]) quantified as shear rate area under the curve. Using partial correlations, we examined relations among ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal versus VEF, independently of sex. We then conducted an exploratory moderation analysis to assess whether stress appraisal moderated the effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure on VEF. Results: Ongoing, chronic stress exposure (r=-0.32, p<0.05), but not stress appraisal (r=-0.13, p=0.34) was related to VEF. Further, stress appraisal did not significantly moderate the association between ongoing, chronic stress exposure and VEF (p=0.69). However, the direct effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure was statistically significant (β = -0.51; p=0.009), whereas the effect of stress appraisal was not (p=0.79), confirming our initial correlation analyses. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than the subjective appraisal of this stress, significantly predicts impaired vascular endothelial function among young adults. Thus, our findings provide initial evidence indicating that stressor exposure is suffcient to increase cardiovascular risk independently of the perceived severity of the stressor(s) among young adults. However, the strength of our moderation analysis is limited by sample size, and future larger-scale studies may be necessary to fully understand the degree to which stress appraisal moderates the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Future studies may also seek to understand how potentially important, modifiable psychological processes influence this relationship, which may also be independent of stress appraisal. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ and EBKT). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Evaluation of The Degree of Stress in First Year Students of The Faculty of Medicine, Muslim Indonesian University

Stress is a phenomenon that often occurs in everyday life that cannot be avoided and can be experienced by everyone. There are so many demands in the first year of college that some students find them very heavy and difficult to fulfill. Students' failure to adapt to exams in the new academic year is likely to cause students to experience pressure. The research aims to determine the degree of stress and factors that trigger stress in first year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Muslim University. This research is descriptive with a cross sectional method to measure stress levels based on stressors in first year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muslim University of Indonesia, class of 2023. The method used is simple random sampling with a sample size of 295 first year students, class of 2023, Faculty of Medicine, Muslim University of Indonesia. The results of the research found that 295 students from the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Muslim University, class of 2023, on the Academic Related Stressor (ARS) factor, 130 people (44.1%) experienced a moderate level of stress, 152 people (44.1%) experienced a moderate level of stress on the Intrapersonal & Interpersonal Related Stressor (IRS) factor. people (51.5%), in the Teaching & Learning Related Stressor (TLRS) factor 121 people (41.0%) experienced a moderate level of stress, in the Social Related Stressor (SRS) factor 136 people (46.1%) experienced a moderate level of stress. Drive & Desire Related Stressors (DRS) experienced mild levels of stress as many as 168 people (59.9%), in the Group Activities Related Stressors (GARS) factor experienced moderate levels of stress as many as 123 people (41.7%). Based on the frequency distribution of stress levels, the number of stressors who experienced very severe stress was 35 people (11.9%).

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CONTROL AND RESOLUTION OF DAILY STRESS: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL STUDY OF DAILY EXPERIENCES

Abstract Literature identifies perceived control as an important psychosocial resource for healthy aging. How perceived control over aspects of daily life influence the daily stress process, however, remains comparatively less clear. Resolution of daily stressors (e.g., an argument resolved, a leaky pipe fixed) is emerging as a characteristic of the daily stress process crucial for emotional downregulation. Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=1,766, Mage=56.25, SD=12.20, 57% Female), we examined associations between perceived control over daily stress and the likelihood of stressor resolution. In waves conducted in ~2008 and ~2017, participants reported perceived control over stressors they experience across eight consecutive days (arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, home overloads, network stressors), in addition to whether the stressful experience has been resolved. Generalized multilevel models adjusted for linear trends across days and waves, as well as number of stressors, sex, education, race, and baseline age. People experiencing greater stressor control were more likely to resolve their daily stressors (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.74–2.13, p<.001). Further, individuals were more likely to resolve their stressors on days when they perceived more control over their stressors than usual (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.57–1.77, p<.001). This within-person association increased in magnitude across assessment waves (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.06–1.39, p<.01), resulting in a stronger association between stressor control and resolution 10 years later (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.69–2.12, p<.001). Associations did not depend on baseline age (ps>.05). Results indicate perceived control may serve as a psychosocial resource for promoting resolution of daily stressors as people grow older.

Childhood stress, gender, and cognitive control: Midline theta power

The emergence of psychiatric symptoms is a common consequence of childhood stress exposure. However, there are a dearth of reliable clinical hallmarks or physiological biomarkers to predict post-trauma symptom emergence. The objective of this study was to examine if childhood stressors and stress-related symptoms are associated with altered midline theta power (MTP) during cognitive control demands, and how these associations interact with gender and early adversity. N = 53 children (ages 9–13 years old) from a longitudinal study of children maltreated during early childhood and non-maltreated children participated in this study. EEG recorded neural activity during a Zoo-Themed Go/No-Go task. Stress-related symptoms, recent stressful events, and other adversity experiences were identified. MTP was analyzed with clinical variables in a series of follow-up analyses. The number of stressors in the past six months was negatively correlated with MTP in those with low preschool adversity, but not in those with high preschool adversity. MTP was higher in girls than in boys, and the associations of MTP with stressors and symptoms were moderated by gender. MTP was negatively associated with stressors in the past six months in girls, while in boys, MTP was associated with stress-related symptoms. Childhood stressful events were associated with reduced MTP during cognitive control demands, and this was finding was moderated by gender and early life adversity. These preliminary findings suggest that boys and girls may process stressful experiences in distinct ways, and preschool adversity may potentially blunt the interaction between current stress and neural dynamics. However, ongoing investigation is needed.

Relationships Among Number of Stressors, Perceived Stress, and Salivary Cortisol Levels During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo examine relationships among the number of stressors, perceived stress, and salivary cortisol levels during the third trimester of pregnancy. DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data. SettingParticipants’ homes. ParticipantsWomen during the third trimester of pregnancy (N = 73). MethodsParticipants provided saliva samples at four time points over 2 days for cortisol assay and completed questionnaires to assess stressors and perceived stress. We computed multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships among the number of stressors and perceived stress to cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope, and overall cortisol secretion. We also computed a multiple linear regression model to examine the relationship between perceived stress and the number of stressors. ResultsGreater perceived stress was associated with reduced overall cortisol secretion across the day (β = −0.41, p = .01). The number of stressors was associated with perceived stress (β = 0.48, p = .002) but not salivary cortisol measures. ConclusionElevated perceived stress and the related cortisol alterations that we identified could represent salient targets for enhancing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during the third trimester. Perceived stress may shape the relationship between exposure to stressors and cortisol response during pregnancy. Future research is warranted to confirm study results and to understand the implications for parturition and fetal development.

PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN DURING THE WAR: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND SWEDEN

The problem of children’s mental health is of special interest to scientists in view of its importance for the formation of a future healthy society. This issue becomes especially relevant in emergency situations, such as war, when the number of stressors and their impact is difficult to predict. This article has examined the experience as well as approaches of social services in Ukraine and Sweden in providing support to traumatized children during wartime. There have been outlined three phases in terms of working with traumatized children, i.e. identification, treatment, and prevention. The study has investigated and compared the practices of social workers in contrasted countries within these phases defined. The study presented is a collaborative effort between Sweden and Ukraine, investigating the support provided to war-traumatized children by social services. The research has been based on an inductive approach. The interviews conducted with social workers, psychologists, school counselors, and representatives of relevant organizations are at the core of this paper. The experts’ opinions on the topic mentioned have been reviewed. Moreover, the similarities and differences in providing social support in compared countries have been highlighted. The main factors influencing the approaches to the work of social workers with traumatized children of the compared countries have been determined. The approaches to working with parents in terms of supporting war-traumatized children in contrasted countries have been considered. Various problems related to providing social and psychological support to traumatized children such as resources and the capacity of the social support system have been reviewed. The impact of other factors on the occurrence of psychological trauma in children, which experts emphasized, has been examined. In particular, special attention has been paid to social media’s impact. The role of social workers at the stage of trauma prevention has been also considered, as well as the problems of the social support system that have arisen. The urgency of addressing the mental health of children and the importance of collaboration between authorities to provide effective support and treatment have been mentioned.

COVID-19 Stress and Child Behavior: Examining Discrimination and Social Support in Racially Diverse ECHO Cohorts

To examine the additive or moderating influences of caregiver COVID-19-related stress, social support, and discrimination on children's behavior problems across racially diverse populations. In this Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort study (N= 1,999 caregiver/child pairs), we operationalized caregiver COVID-19-related stress in 2 ways: first, as the number of stressors (eg, financial concerns, social distancing); and second, as the level of pandemic-related traumatic stress symptoms reported via questionnaires administered between April 2020 and August 2022. At the same assessment visit, caregivers also reported their current levels of discrimination, and a subsample (n= 968) reported their emotional and instrumental support. Either concurrently or at a later assessment visit, caregivers reported on their children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). Multivariable analyses controlling for maternal education, marital status, child age, and child sex revealed that COVID-19-related stress (caregiver stressors and symptoms) and discrimination were positively associated, and that perceived support was negatively associated with child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Unexpectedly, neither emotional nor instrumental support attenuated the relationship between caregiver COVID-19-related stressors nor traumatic stress symptoms and child behavior problems. In the subset of Black American participants, caregiver perceived discrimination moderated the relationship between caregiver COVID-19 traumatic stress symptoms and child internalizing problems, such that the association was stronger at higher levels of discrimination. Our findings highlight the potential importance of relieving caregiver stress and increasing caregiver social support to optimize children's behavioral outcomes.

Distinguishing Plasmin-Generating Microvesicles: Tiny Messengers Involved in Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis.

A number of stressors and inflammatory mediators (cytokines, proteases, oxidative stress mediators) released during inflammation or ischemia stimulate and activate cells in blood, the vessel wall or tissues. The most well-known functional and phenotypic responses of activated cells are (1) the immediate expression and/or release of stored or newly synthesized bioactive molecules, and (2) membrane blebbing followed by release of microvesicles. An ultimate response, namely the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils (NETs), is outside the scope of this work. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview on the mechanism of plasminogen reception and activation at the surface of cell-derived microvesicles, new actors in fibrinolysis and proteolysis. The role of microvesicle-bound plasmin in pathological settings involving inflammation, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and tumour growth, remains to be investigated. Further studies are necessary to determine if profibrinolytic microvesicles are involved in a finely regulated equilibrium with pro-coagulant microvesicles, which ensures a balanced haemostasis, leading to the maintenance of vascular patency.

Developing a personalized self-care curriculum for graduate students in the health sciences.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Pitt Personal Wellness Program, three 1-hour workshops that were integrated into the first-semester curriculum of five health sciences graduate programs. The workshops were designed as a personalized education approach to promote self-care and well-being. Of the 156 graduate students who participated in the Pitt Personal Wellness Program, 99 (65%) completed online questionnaires regarding stress and coping at three time points across a 14 week period: before the program, and after the second and third workshops. Graduate students reported significant decreases in perceived stress and number of stressful situations across the three time points. Students who reported a previous history of mental health counseling demonstrated steeper declines in perceived stress across Times 1 and 2, and reported significantly higher use of coping strategies across the three time points. Racially minoritized students and those reporting more financial struggles also reported significant declines in stress and number of stressors across Times 1 and 2. The Pitt Personal Wellness Program was acceptable to graduate students and a promising program for further dissemination and study.

COVID-19 AND OLDER ADULTS IN ZIMBABWE: A STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES FACED BY THE OLDER ADULTS IN GWERU AND MUTARE

This study explores the challenges faced by the older adults during the COVID-19-induced lockdown periods in Gweru and Mutare, Zimbabwe’s third and fourth largest cities, respectively. Seventeen men and women above the age of 60 were interviewed following all COVID-19 protocols during the period April to August 2021. Semi-structured interview guides were used to gather data and Tesch’s (1990) method of thematic analysis was used to make sense of the data. Findings indicate that the older adults faced new challenges as a result of the strict lockdown and that the pandemic exacerbated the challenges that the elderly were facing. Intersectionality of challenges was also evident from the older people’s descriptions. A number of stressors were related to the pandemic restrictions, financial issues, health challenges, social challenges, and challenges of everyday living. Some participants reported mental health challenges and symptoms related to anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique psychological, economic, and social challenges to older persons in Zimbabwe. To curb such challenges in the future, there is a need to prioritize older adults during pandemic outbreaks and disasters. Adequate Universal pensions could assist in dealing with the economic challenges faced by older adults in Zimbabwe. There is a need to raise awareness and formulate structured programs on the well-being of older adults. Further research is required to map the extent of the psychological and socio-economic challenges faced by older adults in Zimbabwe.

Loneliness, Belonging, and Mental Health in Australian University Students Pre- and Post-COVID-19

AbstractThe move to online learning during COVID-19 deprived first-year students of friendships and other sources of social support that could buffer against stress during their transition to university. These effects may have been worse for international students than domestic students as many were subjected to travel restrictions or quarantine in addition to the usual stressors. This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on social connectedness and mental health of first-year students enrolled in a metropolitan university in Australia. The study involved 1239 students (30.4% international) and used a 3 (cohorts: 2019, 2020, 2021) × 2 (enrolment status: domestic and international) between-group design. Results showed that both loneliness and university belonging were significantly worse during the first year of COVID-19 compared to the year before or after. Contrary to expectation, domestic students were lonelier than international students across all cohorts. Multiple-group memberships did not change. As predicted, loneliness was moderately to highly correlated with the number of stressors, psychological distress, and (lower) well-being, whereas university belonging and multiple-group memberships were related to positive mental health outcomes. These findings highlight the need for initiatives that promote student connectedness and mental health as the university sector recovers from COVID-19.

Determinants of wellbeing in university students: The role of residential status, stress, loneliness, resilience, and sense of coherence

Maintaining wellbeing in university students is a government priority, but robust evidence has been lacking. Higher wellbeing is associated with better mental and physical health, higher self-esteem, self-efficacy, and effective coping strategies. This study aimed to identify, through an online survey in 2018, key determinants of wellbeing amongst a sample of 574 (65.5% female) students across all levels of study at a university in the UK. Most respondents (526 (91.8%)) reported feeling unusually stressed or overwhelmed at university. Residential students reported higher loneliness and number of stressors than commuter students, and postgraduate students reported higher wellbeing, resilience, and sense of coherence, and lower perceived stress and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that 71.8% of the variance in wellbeing was predicted by a model containing demographics (age/gender, level of study, number of stressors), psychosocial variables, and perceived stress, with perceived stress, sense of coherence, loneliness, and resilience the strongest predictors. The findings suggest that interventions designed to improve resilience and sense of coherence, and reduce loneliness and perceived stress are likely to be effective in enhancing wellbeing in a student population.

Substance Use among Belgian Higher Education Students before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many countries to issue far-reaching policy measures that may have led to increased substance use. Higher education students may have been disproportionally affected due to the rearrangement of educational life and their susceptibility to psychosocial distress and substance use. The current study examined associations between pandemic-related stressors, psychosocial distress, and self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use before and during the first wave of the pandemic. Data were collected in Belgium as part of the COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study (C19 ISWS) and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. The sample contained 18,346 higher education students aged 17 to 24 (75% women). Overall use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis as well as binge drinking decreased during the pandemic, perhaps due to limited social gatherings. Moving back to the parental home was associated with decreased substance use, while depressive symptoms were associated with increased substance use. Perceived threat and academic stress were associated with increased binge drinking among heavy bingers and increased tobacco use. Decreases among students who moved back to their parental home may be explained by increased informal social control. Increased substance use was associated with a number of stressors and psychosocial distress, which suggests that some students may have been self-medicating to manage their mental health amidst the pandemic. Public health policy concerning substance use may prove to be less effective if not tailored to particular subgroups within the student population.

The Association Between Possible Stressors and Mood Outcomes in Older Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities.

IntroductionResilience incorporates the presence of a positive response to some type of stressor. To properly explore resilience, it is important to systematically identify relevant stressors. We aimed to identify (combinations of) stressors with the strongest relationship with observer-reported and self-reported mood outcomes in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in The Netherlands.Materials and MethodsWe included 4,499 older (≥60) residents of 40 LTCFs who participated in the Dutch InterRAI-LTCF cohort between 2005 and 2018. The association of possible stressors (single stressors, number of stressors, and combinations of two stressors) in this population with observer-reported (Depression Rating Scale) and self-reported mood outcomes was analyzed using multilevel tobit models and logistic regressions.ResultsMajor life stressor [“experiences that (threatened to) disrupt(ed) a person's daily routine and imposed some degree of readjustment”] and conflict with other care recipients and/or staff were most strongly associated with both mood outcomes. Furthermore, conflict was a particularly prevalent stressor (24%). Falls, fractures, and hospital visits were more weakly or not associated at all. Overall, the associations were similar for the mood outcomes based on observer-report and self-report, although there were some differences. Multiple stressors were more strongly associated with both mood outcomes than one stressor.ConclusionMajor life stressor and conflict emerged as important stressors for resilience research within the psychological domain in LTCF residents. Further (longitudinal) research is necessary to determine the directionality and relevance of the strong association of conflict with mood for LTCF practice.

Morte súbita pós-estresse não traumático em cão submetido a procedimento estético

Environments for bathing and grooming procedures expose animals to a large number of stressors, such as dryer’s noise, changes in temperature and manipulation by strange people, causing apprehension, anxiety and fear that can lead to death due to physical trauma in attempts to escape or due to respiratory collapse secondary to acute stress. We report the case of a 6-month-old female Shih-tzu, with no previous signs of respiratory or cardiovascular disease, who died a few hours after bathing in a pet shop, with symptoms of stress and acute respiratory failure and with necroscopic changes compatible with hemorrhage and pulmonar edema, without signs of cranial trauma or trauma in other organs. The importance of minimizing stress in grooming procedures is emphasized, in order to avoid these acidentes, as well as the presence of the veterinarian responsible for the establishment, so that appropriate and early measures can be taken to prevent these potentially fatal conditions.

External stressors prior to traumatic knee injury: A cohort study on youth athletes.

Background:Data on external stressors, such as social and environment variables and other "life events", and its relation to injury in youth athletic population are scarce. Investigating if external stressors is associated with injury risk may help coaches and other team staff to provide a more safe sport environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different aspects of external stressors and its potential association to traumatic knee injury in youth athletes.Methods:This study comprised of youth female and male athletes from Swedish national sports high schools, aged 15–19 years, participating and competing in soccer, handball, or floorball. The athletes recorded any traumatic knee injury that had occurred during high-school in a web-based injury form. Data on external stressors and subjective perceived stress was also collected.Results:The majority (60%) of stress factors noted was related to sport context. More athletes in the injured group of athletes reported life event stressor (p=0.001) and experienced stress more often (p=0.02) compared to the group of non-injured athletes. No differences between injured and non-injured athletes in terms of change of club, team coach, training protocol or game formation were noted (p>0.05). A weak correlation (r=0.20, p=0.02) was found between the number of stressors and injuries.Conclusions:A high prevalence of external stressors are present in youth elite athletes with a majority of stress factors related to sport context. Life event stressors are present prior to injury and seem to be associated with traumatic knee injury to some degree.

Daily stress and life satisfaction of teenage girls

Everyday stressors of teenage girls are considered. The purpose of the study: development and testing of the questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents; determination of the intensity of various spheres of life; revealing the ratio of stress tension and life satisfaction. Methods: the author’s questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents, the stress perception scale ShVS-10 (V.A.Ababkov et al.), the life satisfaction scale (E.Diener et al.). Factorization made it possible to single out 7 blocks of events related to the areas: “Loneliness, fears”; “Finance”; “School, study”; “Rejection”; “Communication with seniors”; “Case, planning”; “Competition, self-attitude”. The α-Cronbach fitness coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.956. Content and convergent validity were checked using comparative, correlation, factorial, regression analysis. Correlation analysis revealed direct links between the number of stressful events and the strength of experience with “Overstrain”, “Stress counteraction”, “Perceived stress” of the ShVS-10 methodology, which confirmed the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Typological analysis showed a higher level of stress load in girls with low life satisfaction. Correlation analysis revealed negative relationships between life satisfaction and the number of stressors (p≤0.05), the intensity of the experience (p≤0.01), and the indicators of the SHVS-10 method (p≤0.01). Regression analysis showed that life satisfaction is a predictor that reduces the level of perceived stress (p≤0.000), overexertion (p≤0.000), resistance to stress (p≤0.000), the number of stressors in the areas “Loneliness, fears” (p≤0.000); “Finance” (p≤0.006); “School, study” (p≤0.026); “Rejection” (p≤0.003), “Communication with elders” (p≤0.001). Thus, a high level of life satisfaction can act as a factor contributing to the reduction of stress load.

Stressed and Distressed: Potential Underpinnings of Exercise-Related Inspiratory Distress in Adolescent Sport Performers.

This Perspective adds to the understanding of respiratory distress in populations other than adults, which is important and necessary. Adolescent sport performers are exposed to a number of stressors that may affect breathing and laryngeal narrowing, which in turn may have implications for the management of their overall health and well-being.

Special Issue: Environmental Flows, Ecological Quality, and Ecosystem Services

Global environmental change is greatly disturbing rivers and estuaries by a number of stressors, among which water withdrawal, damming, pollution, invasive species, and climate change are the most worrying [...]