Number Of Sports-related Injuries Research Articles

Prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non‐motor sports athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

As the popularity of sports activities grows, so do the number of sport-related injuries. Furthermore, sports that use equipment or vehicles that modify the speed of the player can present more serious injuries. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the overall prevalence of orofacial trauma in wheeled non-motor sports athletes. The search strategy was applied in eight electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science). Additionally, a complementary search of the gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), reference lists of included articles, and studies indicated by experts on the subject was done. The included articles were observational studies with sufficient data of orofacial trauma (type and anatomical site) in wheeled non-motor sport athletes, regardless of the competition level. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The meta-analysis was performed using R Statistics software, and the strength of cumulative evidence was assessed by The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. From 4042 identified studies, after the removal of duplicates and phase one of selection (title and abstracts screening), 251 studies remained for phase two (full-text screening). Five articles were finally included. One study was considered to have a low risk of bias and four had a moderate risk of bias. The cumulative prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non-motor sport athletes was 21.7% (CI: 8.7-34.7; I2 :97.6%) and the prevalence of dental injuries in these sports was 7.5% (CI:4.3-10.7; I2 :61.9%). The certainty in cumulative evidence was considered to be very low. About 22% of the wheeled non-motor sport athletes have suffered orofacial injuries. The most prevalent type of injury was classified as dental trauma.

Contemporary imaging of the pediatric shoulder: pearls and pitfalls.

In skeletally immature patients, the presence of growth plates and articular cartilage of the shoulder can create a predisposition for unique injuries not observed in adults. Furthermore, increasing participation in sports by children and adolescents appears to be leading to a corresponding increase in the number of sports-related injuries. The importance of radiologists being familiar with pediatric shoulder imaging and its associated injuries is therefore growing. In this article, we review the normal development and maturation pattern of ossification centers of the shoulder from the early gestational period through adolescence. Brachial plexus birth palsy, physeal injuries, shoulder dislocation, and internal impingement are discussed within the context of the child's age and the mechanism of injury to guide radiologists to a correct diagnosis.

Trends in Sport Related Foot and Ankle Injuries in Adults 65 and Over Presenting to US Emergency Rooms from 2009-2018: A Descriptive Epidemiology Study

Category:SportsIntroduction/Purpose:The percentage of the U.S population that is age 65 and older is expected to rise to 19.3% by the year 2030, up from 13% in 2010. Only 39% of seniors get the recommended amount of weekly exercise. This has led to Medicare sponsored fitness plans to increase of the number of older adults being active. For this percentage it is important that they are aware of safety precautions and ways to prevent injuries. One study showed that in elderly men still active in sports 75% of injuries were located in the lower extremity. The purpose of this study is to trend sports related foot and ankle (SFA) injuries in patients 65 and over that presented emergency departments from 2009 to 2018.Methods:Data was obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Injury data is obtained daily from the emergency departments of approximately 100 hospitals across the United States and its territories. This serves as a probability sample of over 5000 hospitals across the country. Each case recorded is given a statistical weight based on the study design. CPSC analysis has the ability to make adjustments to more accurately represent the entire United States population. Hospitals are group in five strata mostly based on hospital size and number of ED visits they receive per year. The database was set with query inputs of patients aged 65 and over that presented with sports related injuries of the lower leg, ankle, foot and toes from 2009 - 2018.Results:An approximate total of 216,334 SFA injuries presented to emergency rooms in persons age 65 and over. Contusions/abrasions accounted for 11.7% of total injuries; lacerations (12.4%); fractures (20.9%); sprains and fractures (22.7%). Other types of injuries accounted for 32.3 %. There was an approximate total of 1,654,666 sports related injuries. Upper extremity had the highest percentage at 24.6%. Ages 65-69 accounted for 38.8 %. The trend for the SFA injuries increased 39.9% from 2009 to 2018, while the trend for overall sports injuries rose 83%. The percentage of SFA out of all sports injuries has decreased 23.6% from 14.81% of total sport injuries in 2009 to 11.32% in 2018.Conclusion:As the population ages, more seniors are remaining active and more are participating in sports. Thus, the increase in the number of sport related injuries. This increase however has outpaced the number of foot and ankle specific sport injuries. Over the time span of the study there has been an increase in percentage of hand, wrist and knee injuries. Further research is needed to delineated which specific sports and activities cause the most SFA injuries. This information can then be used to educate this population on injury prevention.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Sports Injuries - From Research to Clinical Practice

The number of sports-related injuries is on the rise as more people are involved in sports, especially the extreme sports that are prone to injury. A serious sports injury might end the career of an athlete. Thus, prompt and effective treatment is very important for these injuries. Cell-based therapy is becoming more popular as a potential new treatment for sports injuries that are refractory to conventional therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used in the treatment of sports injuries as they are safe and will not be rejected by the recipient. MSCs secrete paracrine factors that modulate the host immune response, promote angiogenesis, enhance cell migration and survival as well as prevent fibrosis. The safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in treating sports injuries involving the muscle, ligament, tendon, bone, cartilage, and nervous tissues have been demonstrated in many preclinical and clinical studies. However, more studies especially the large-scale randomized clinical trial need to be done in order to determine the adequacy of MSC therapy in treating different sports injuries. In this review, we discussed the treatment for sports injuries, focusing on MSC therapy, using data from preclinical and clinical studies.

Skeletally Immature Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Invited Perspectives of POSNA Member Experts

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears account for a significant and increaseing number of sports related injuries in young athletes. There are several described techniques for "physeal respecting" ACL reconstruction. Each described technique distinguishes itself in a variety of ways. The goal of this invited perspectives article is to dicuss pediatric sports medicine experts' approach, preferred ACL reconstruction techniques, and rationale when evaluating a skeletally immature patient with an ACL tear.

Epidemiology of Hyphema-Related Emergency Department Visits in The United States Between 2006 and 2015

ABSTRACTPurpose: To describe epidemiological trends, risk factors, and hospital-associated charges for patients presenting with hyphema to emergency departments (EDs) throughout the United States (U.S.).Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of all hyphema-related ED cases in the U.S. Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) between 2006 and 2015 to determine population-based incidence rates, patient demographics, visit characteristics and associated charges.Results: Between 2006 and 2015, there were a total of 16,222 cases with hyphema as primary visit diagnosis (0.52 ED visits per 100,000 population). The mean (SD) age at presentation was 37.4 (24.8) years, and males accounted for 66.2% of these cases. Trauma (n = 4,994, 30.8%) was the most frequently identified etiology, with sports-related injuries as important contributor. On multivariate analysis, traumatic hyphema was more likely for patients aged 5–14 years (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.88 [95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–3.40, p = 0.04]) than 0–4 years, males (OR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.09–1.62, p = 0.01]), in May through September (OR = 1.66–1.93 [95% CI: 1.08–3.05, p = 0.005–0.03]),and for those in the highest income quartile (OR = 1.42 [95% CI: 1.10–1.83, p = 0.01]). Visits were less likely for patients aged ≥55 years (OR = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.25–0.994, p = 0.03]) than 0–4 years. During the study period, hyphema accounted for $21 million in ED associated and $9 million in inpatient charges.Conclusion: ED visits with hyphema as primary diagnosis occur at an annual rate of 0.52 per 100,000 population. Young males are particularly at risk and there has been an increase in the number of sports-related injuries which may represent a modifiable cause. Hyphema management costs $3 million in hospital-related charges annually.

The epidemiology of sports-related injuries in older adults: a central European epidemiologic study.

The population is rapidly aging and remaining more active over the age of 65. An increasing number of sports related injuries in individuals 65 and older are thus anticipated. The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of sports injuries in the age group aged 65 and older. Data from the medical records of adults aged 65 years and older who were treated for sports-related injuries at a level one trauma center between December 1994 and February 2008 was collected and statistically analyzed. A total of 2635 patients met our inclusion criteria. There were 1647 men (62.5%) and 988 women (37.5%) with a mean age of 70.9 years. The yearly number of injuries doubled during the study period (1996-2007). The most common mechanism of injury was a simple fall from standing height (69%). Nearly 75% of all injuries occurred during alpine skiing, cycling or mountain climbing. The median Injury Severity Score was 4. Minor injuries and wounds (40%) were recorded most commonly followed by fractures (27%), sprains, ligament injuries (19%) and injuries of muscles and tendons (6%). The most frequent diagnoses were minor injuries to the head and ligament injuries around the knee joint. Injuries to the upper extremities occurred in 33.7%, injuries to the lower extremities in 29.4% and injuries to the head occurred in 20% of the patients. Women sustained substantially more fractures than men. Adults aged 65 and older are remaining active in sports, which results in higher numbers of sports related injuries in this age group. Identification of type, mechanism and distribution of the injuries can help with the recognition of risk factors for injury. This may enable us to develop appropriate preventative measures to reduce the incidence, and morbidity of such injuries.

Upper Extremity Injuries in the Adolescent Athlete

There has been a significant increase in youth sports participation and athletic activities over the past 3 decades. With the increase in participation, there has been a commensurate rise in the number of sports-related injuries. A majority of these injuries are due to overuse as athletes frequently compete in multiple sports with year round competition and training. As higher demands are placed on these young athletes, the likelihood of injury during and individual's playing career continues to increase. This review will focus on both overuse and traumatic injuries of the upper extremity in the adolescent athlete. A significant emphasis will be placed on the evaluation and management of soft tissue and bony injuries in the overhead throwing athlete. The review will conclude with a discussion on common wrist and hand injuries seen in this population.

Sports-related injuries in primary health care

Introduction. Sports activities play an important role in today’s society. However, as more people become involved in these activities, the number of sports-related injuries also increases. In the Netherlands, 3.5 million sports injuries occur annually. Twenty per cent of these injuries are first seen by a GP. Little is known about the epidemiology of these injuries in general practice. This study has been conducted to determine the incidence and prevalence of sports-related injuries in general practice and to provide information about the nature and treatment of these injuries.Methods. Survey study conducted in 612 patients with sports-related injuries by 21 GP trainees in as many GP practices. Inclusion of study subjects took place between September 2007 and April 2009.Results. In total, 694 sports-related injuries were registered. The incidence of sports-related injuries was 23.7 in 1000 patients and prevalence 27.8 in 1000 patients. Soccer-related injuries are most prominent in this population, lower extremities being three times more often involved than upper extremities. GPs often (60.9%) used a symptom-based diagnosis. In 80% of the cases, no additional diagnostic testing took place, while in 36.5% of the cases, only explanation and advice sufficed. Few patients were referred to the hospital (6.6%).Discussion. Patients with sports-related injuries regularly consult GPs (on average one to two times per week). GPs tend to use non-specific diagnoses in sports-related injuries. In part, this may be due to the lack of specific diagnoses available in the current registration system (International Classification of Primary Care). Most often these injuries require only explanation and medical advice from the GP. Usually, additional tests or hospital referrals are not necessary. Presumably, mostly patients with mild sports-related injuries consult the GP.

Pubic inguinal pain syndrome: the so-called sports hernia

Sports hernia (SH) is a controversial condition which presents itself as chronic groin pain. It is responsible for signiWcant time away from work and sports competition, with an incidence of between 0.5 and 6.2% [1–3]. Groin injury is common in soccer and ice hockey players, but SH can be encountered in a variety of sports, and even in normally physically active people [1, 3]. For this reason, we think that it is more appropriate to speak of pubic inguinal pain syndrome (PIPS). Over the past decade, the number of sports-related injuries has increased as a function of increased athletic activities, and the demand for an early return to work and competitive sports puts pressure on the doctor for immediate diagnosis and treatment [1–3]. The anatomy involved, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities are inconsistently described in the medical, surgical and orthopaedic literature. In fact, there is no evidence-based consensus available to guide the decisionmaking, and most of the studies are level IV investigations [1, 3, 4]. A literature search for SH produces a list of various conditions which may or may not include the real disease: “athletic pubalgia,” incipient hernia, osteitis pubis, “Gilmore’s groin,” “hockey groin syndrome” and “Ashby’s inguinal ligament enthesopathy” are several of the terms that have complete or partial overlap with SH and pubalgia; this is another reason to unite the terminology as PIPS [4]. The diYculty in giving a correct deWnition of this obscure cause of chronic groin pain is due to its unclear aetio-pathophysiology. The majority of the published studies and reviews articles include young adult soccer players as the most frequent victims of SH; however, runners, American football players and ice hockey players frequently suVer groin injuries [1, 5]. It does appear that kicking sports and those involving rapid changes of direction while running predispose an athlete to this condition. Chronic groin pain may originate from the muscles, tendons, bones, bursas, fascial structures, nerves and joints, both in the athletes and in the general population [2, 6]. A deWciency of the posterior inguinal wall is the most common operative Wnding in these patients [7, 8]. A weakened posterior inguinal wall develops an imbalance between the adductors and lower abdominal musculature in these athletes. The strong pull of the adductors, particularly against a Wxed lower extremity, in the presence of relatively under-conditioned abdominal muscles creates a shearing force across the hemipelvis, resulting in attenuation or tearing of the transversalis fascia and/or overlying musculature [1–3, 8–10]. Malycha, Lovell et al. reported an incidence of incipient direct hernia of 50% in their series of 189 athletes. The herniography study revealed a symptomatic impalpable hernia in 51% of male and 21% of female patients, and another study reported a hernia in 84% of elite athletes with groin pain [2, 11]. Gilmore has described a more extensive injury and he has coined the term “Gilmore’s groin.” The injury, which has primarily been described in soccer players with chronic groin pain, consists of a torn external oblique aponeurosis, a torn conjoined tendon, with avulsion of the conjoined tendon and inguinal ligament, and the absence of a hernia [2, 3, 11–13]. Some have disputed Gilmore’s description of G. Campanelli (&) Unit of General Surgery, Day and Week Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Multimedica Holding S.p.A., Castellanza, Italy e-mail: giampiero.campanelli@uninsubria.it

29. Traumatic Injuries in the Pediatric Population

In an attempt to describe, understand, and prevent injuries in children, an audit was performed on all traumatically injured children treated in our pediatric emergency department over an 18-month period. This audit was designed to identify how children were injured, what ages are most susceptible to injury, which injuries are most prevalent, and where these injuries occurred. A retrospective chart review of all patients seen in the pediatric emergency department was performed between July 1, 2002 and December 31, 2003 to identify pediatric patients with a traumatic injury. Over this 18-month period, 45,011 patients younger than 17 years were treated in the pediatric emergency department and 6031 were deemed to have sustained a traumatic injury. The number of injured patients seen, age, sex, date and time of injury, place of injury, type and mechanism of injury, and inpatient admission or discharge home were the variables of interest. The results indicate that 2- to 4-year-olds and 11- to 13-year-olds are at greatest risk for traumatic injuries, followed closely by adolescents 14 to 17 years old. Falls were the leading mechanism of injury in 37% of the sample, 6% of which were falls from beds. Sports-related mishaps accounted for 12% of the injuries. Lacerations were the most prevalent type of injury (25%), followed closely by fractures (23%). Most of these injuries (39%) occurred in or around the home, while only 14% occurred at school. Male patients (65%) accounted for the majority of the injuries treated in the pediatric emergency department sample. Given the prevalence (58%) of traumatic injuries in the 2- to 4-year-olds and 11- to 13-year-olds, it is imperative to disseminate information on injury prevention through clinics, schools, clubs, and other organizations working with children and adolescents. Educational programs (ie, Safety Day demonstrations) that focus injury prevention education toward high-risk age groups and the most common mechanisms and types of injuries also must be a goal. Coaches and athletic directors should be targeted for injury prevention education in an attempt to decrease the number of sports-related injuries that occur. Educating medical and nursing staff to improve documentation on the location and mechanism of injury, as well as encouraging use of protective gear and restraints such as seat belts, car seats, and bicycle helmets also may help in the overall injury prevention efforts to reduce traumatic injuries in the pediatric population.

Traumatic Hyphema in a Defined Population

From 1960 through 1984, traumatic hyphema was diagnosed in 248 residents (204 males and 44 females) of Olmsted County, Minnesota. The mean annual incidence rate was significantly greater (P less than .001) among males than among females: 20.2 per 100,000 population and 4.1 per 100,000, respectively. The overall mean annual rate was 12.2. A significant increase in the incidence rate in recent years was caused primarily by an increase in the number of sports-related injuries. Secondary hemorrhage occurred in 18 patients (7.3%) and was significantly (P less than .05) more frequent among patients whose initial hyphema filled more than one third of the anterior chamber. The low risk of secondary hemorrhage and associated serious sequelae suggests that the possible benefits from routine systemic administration of aminocaproic acid may not outweigh the costs and risks in populations similar to that of Olmsted County.