Number Of Road Users Research Articles

ASSESSMENTS OF THE GRAVEL ROAD DETERIORATION HAVING LACK OF MAINTENANCE: CASE STUDY IN JIMMA ZONE

Gravel roads deterioration with absence of maintenance is one of the serious issue and common problem in the world. It’s majorly affected by deterioration which manifests as removing from gravel road materials with the major factors such as traffic volume and environmental conditions. Jimma zone might have been a standout amongst those ranges influenced toward the issue for gravel road having lack of maintenances. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the researchers were used questionnaire survey method. The existing road sections having lack of maintenance on a given time have been identified. Then the representative road (Sarbo-Busa, Saka-Ushane and Buxure-Sanxama) and questionnaire surveys samples have been selected by non-probabilistic purposive and systematic sampling respectively. The questionnaire’s survey was focused on identifying the causes of absence of maintenance and pre-conditions considered. questionnaire survey was analyzed by RII. The absence of maintenance was occurred due to lack of budget fund, poor management, lack of skilled manpower, lack of good material quality, lack of regular inspections, poor working environments. The pre-conditions considered while maintaining the gravel roads are: Cost of maintenance, class as the road, maintenance schedule, skilled manpower, topography, number of road users, traffic volume, and economic standards of the society and location of the road from the center. In Jimma zone the deterioration of gravel roads have been increasing with the absence of maintenance time.

Kajian Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Hari Bebas Kendaraan Bermotor (HBKB) Kota Surakarta dan Solo Car Free Day

The development of a city can be seen from the number of road users in the area. The high mobility of the population makes many choices of modes of transportation to move from one place to another. Public and private transportation that develops side by side makes vehicle exhaust emissions increase. This increase can be felt by residents with an increasingly crowded city atmosphere. It is recorded that there is an increase in vehicle exhaust emissions by 15% annually in the City of Solo. This needs to be a common concern to care for and preserve the urban environment.

Public Awareness of Traffic Safety based on Data and Text Analytics


 
 
 Traffic and road safety is a major concern of many governments around the world as it ensures the safety of its road users. Due to an increase in the number of road users, traffic-related accidents and fatalities have increased annually. Therefore, governments have stepped up their efforts to ensure the safety of road users and to reduce the number of traffic-related accidents and fatalities. However, these efforts have proven ineffective as the data gathered to measure the effectiveness of these efforts either lack credibility or are insufficient. This has led to inconclusive findings concerning the culture of road users and the extent of their awareness of traffic safety. Therefore, this paper performs a systematic data- and text-driven analytics and review of published literature on public awareness of traffic and road safety. The selected papers were first subjected to content analysis before being grouped according to the frequency of use of keywords discussing the issue at hand. As this method enabled us to successfully identify trends as well as the efficacy of traffic and road safety research, therefore, data and text analytics is an effective method of conducting a systematic literature review. The findings of this study will help traffic authorities gain credible insights into public perception, behavior, and attitude towards traffic safety awareness. Our assessment indicates that there are two important perspectives to be considered with regard to road safety; namely human and technology; the latter of which will be the main topic of study on public awareness of road and traffic safety. Moreover, an emerging trend in the literature suggests that more efforts should be allocated to promoting public awareness of road and traffic safety.
 
 

Predictive analysis of the impact of the time of day on road accidents in Poland

Abstract The steady increase in the number of road users and their growing mobility mean that the issue of road safety is still a topical one. Analyses of factors influencing the number of road traffic accidents contribute to the improvement of road safety. Because changes in traffic volume follow a daily rhythm, hour of the day is an important factor affecting the number of crashes. The present article identifies selected mathematical models which can be used to describe the number of road traffic accidents as a function of the time of their occurrence during the day. The study of the seasonality of the number of accidents in particular hours was assessed. The distributions of the number of accidents in each hour were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Multidimensional scaling was used to present the found similarities and differences. Similar hours were grouped into clusters, which were used in further analysis to construct the ARMAXmodel and the Holt-Winters model. Finally, the predictive capabilities of each model were assessed.

Whiplash Injuries. Current State of Knowledge.

Due to the rapid development of transport and a significant increase in the number of road users, whiplash injuries are a global health problem and a significant financial burden for both health care systems and insurance systems. The rich symptomatology of whiplash injuries with their impact on the somatic and emotional-behavioral sphere prompts us to define a new disease entity, namely Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). The mechanism of whiplash injury is still under debate and theories explaining the pathogenesis of WAD are very diverse, ranging from purely biomechanical and hydrostatic to neurophysiological, emphasizing sensitization and dysfunctional neuromodulation of pain after whiplash injuries. WAD syndrome should be understood more broadly than just cervical trauma, as problems specific to local legal cultures often determine both epidemiological indicators, the course of treatment and prognosis of the disease. There is a need for further research on the issue of whiplash considering inconsistent literature data about optimal rehabilitation after such injuries.

Time to Recovery and Determinants of Trauma Among Patients Admitted to Lemlem Karl Hospital Maichew, Southern Tigray, Ehiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Ethiopia is one of the worst countries in the world where trauma especially traffic accident kills a large number of road users every year. In Ethiopia, the magnitude and survival time to recovery of trauma was not well understood. This study intended to examine time to recovery from trauma and predictors among inpatients in Lemlem Karl Hospital, Maichew, Southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing records of traumatic patients who were admitted to inpatient surgical ward from January 2013 to December 2017 in Lemlem Karl general hospital Maichew town, Tigray, Ethiopia. A total of 327 study participants were selected using simple random sampling. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were used to calculate the crude effect on trauma, survival probabilities and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify predictors of hospital length of stay. A total of 93.8% of patients were recovered during the follow-up period with a median time of 4 days. Hence, those who had Complications were about 85% times less likely to develop complications than those who had no complications (HR=0.15; CI 0.09-0.24). In addition to those who get treatment before admission to the ward had 3 times more likely to recover than those patients who didn’t get treatment before admission (HR=3.29; CI: 1.82- 5.95). Therefore, Severity of trauma, number of traumatic organs and treatment given before admission were found significant predictors of time to recovery from trauma. This study provides greater insight of benefits by develop countermeasures that could reduce the number and severity of trauma length of stay.

Make Way: An Intelligent Real Time Traffic Light Control System

Nowadays, automatic traffic light control is becoming an important requirement for travelers and number of road users especially for emergency service providers such as ambulance drivers, fire fighters etc... Various alternatives have been proposed, but it has certain limitations.One such example is using an RF transmitter mounted on the ambulance which will communicate with the RF receiver mounted on the signal post in the traffic control system. A special algorithm is provided to control the traffic signals automatically by pressing the key provided in the keybord on the ambulance by the driver.But in this case, there is big trouble for car accidents or road accidents, because of automatic adjustment and a large number of vehicles, and there is a problem of delay in first aid service, with these overcrowded roads. This paper describes a solution that is "Intelligent Ambulance with Automatic Traffic Control” which includes the accident detecting, alerting and tracking mechanism with an automatic traffic light controlling system to overcome this delay of first aid service. An ambulance can thereby easily finde a freeway to reach the victim in a minimal time and thereby providing first aid as soon as possible. This is possible by using an RF transmitter on the ambulance which will communicate with the RF receiver mounted on the signal post in the traffic control system. To control the traffic signals automatically, and to move towards the location in minimal time, a specific algorithm is proposed in this paper. Thus, the traffic light gets controlled by the intelligent ambulance itself, in such a way that it could provide free path to the ambulance[1].

Road Users Exposed to Harm from Transportation of Dangerous Goods - Definition and Estimation

The Italian Interreg Project DESTINATION was intended to acquire data on the transportation of dangerous goods and use them, developing a tool to protect the territory. The Project developed a risk analysis model for examination and assessment of the elements exposed to harm in the event of accident scenarios involving hazardous substances. Defining the risk model, the need emerged for a procedure able of explicitly estimating the number of road users that could be affected in case of dangerous goods accident. After a brief presentation of the risk model, this paper describes the method adopted for the quantification of the possible involved road users, in coherence with the Project’s objectives and requirements. Due to the specific nature of the subject, it was necessary to consider parameters not included in traditional vehicle queuing models, such as the possibility of assessing users in transit on roads not directly affected by the accident and of differentiating analyses depending on the temporal development of the event (instantaneous vs. non-instantaneous events).

Traceable calibration of automatic weighing instruments operating in dynamic mode

This article describes calibration method of automatic weighing instruments for measuring vehicles in motion. These measuring instruments in future will be widely used to determine the axle loads, if applicable the axle-group and vehicle mass of road vehicles when the vehicles are weighed in motion. For several years, some activities have been carried out on the weight control system that determines the mass of vehicles moving at higher speeds, called HS-WIM. The implementation of such systems will affect both the improvement of road safety and indirectly limit the number of road users moving by overloaded vehicles.

Exploring the safety in numbers effect for vulnerable road users on a macroscopic scale

A “Safety in Numbers” effect for a certain group of road users is present if the number of crashes increases at a lower rate than the number of road users. The existence of this effect has been invoked to justify investments in multimodal transportation improvements in order to create more sustainable urban transportation systems by encouraging walking, biking, and transit ridership. The goal of this paper is to explore safety in numbers effect for cyclists and pedestrians in areas with different levels of access to multimodal infrastructure. Data from Chicago served to estimate the expected number of crashes on the census tract level by applying Generalized Additive Models (GAM) to capture spatial dependence in crash data. Measures of trip generation, multimodal infrastructure, network connectivity and completeness, and accessibility were used to model travel exposure in terms of activity, number of trips, trip length, travel opportunities, and conflicts. The results show that a safety in numbers effect exists on a macroscopic level for motor vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists.

Analisa Kinerja Persimpangan Tak Bersinyal Di Kota Pagar Alam

Transport is an essential part of a functioning society life in this era of increasingly majau. Transport very close relationship with the lifestyles, interests and needs of the productive activities to meet all needs. To meet the needs of transportation, the need to hold a transport planning process, particularly for urban transport often creates parking, riders, and the increasing number of road users are some of the causes that can lead to increased delays traffic flow at intersections, reduced road capacity and increase the number of Linta accidents in several intersections.

Performance Evaluation of Flexible Pavements: A Case Study

Flexible pavements get distress during their service life because of increase in traffic particularly commercial vehicles. The present study focuses on finding the increase of magnitude of deformations from 2008 to 2015 traffic data using ANSYS for which the BRTS stretch in Visakhapatnam is considering five locations along the stretch. The city of Visakhapatnam is situated on the north-east coasts of Andhrapradesh and it is one of the fastest growing cities in Asia and turning into a metropolis with rapid industrialization and tourism attractions. City of Visakhapatnam is the most protected natural harbour in India. Due to the presence of Eastern Naval Command, Steel plant, HPCL, the city has been the home to people from different parts of the country and the city is well connected with daily flights from Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bangalore, Tirupati and Raipur. All these factors are leading to high growth of population in the city. Visakhapatnam has experienced high growth in population and the same trend is expected to continue over the next two decades. With high growth of population, there is an increasing number of road users and leading to more number of vehicles. Pavements are designed to carry estimated loads during their service life but they get distress due to heavy growth of commercial vehicles. A typical flexible pavement cross section comprises of four layers namely surface course, base course, subbase course and subgrade layer. The heavy growth of traffic will distress the flexible pavement in the form of rutting. Rutting is one of the major distresses observed in flexible pavements. The figure1 shows the rutting failure in flexible pavements.

A82 Road users with hearing loss and evaluation of tactile support systems

Abstract Background Research regarding the effect of Hearing loss (HL) on traffic safety and mobility is limited and the empirical findings are somewhat inconsistent. HL is one of the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, which may affect behavior in traffic situations and might reduce traffic safety. The prevalence of age-related HL in Europe is roughly 30% for men and 20% for women at the age of 70 years, and 55% for men and 45% for women at the age of 80 years. The prevalence of age-related HL is increasing, and as a consequence the number of road users with HL will also increase. Methods To investigate traffic safety and mobility for individuals with HL three studies have been conducted; 1) a questionnaire survey, 2) a driving simulator study, 3) a field study. Results The effects of HL on traffic safety and mobility are small, often bound to workload condition, however quite consistent. Differences in transportation habits related to HL include less likelihood of having a driving license and a higher valuing of written information, with the latter sometimes prioritized before time and safety issues. Respondents with higher degree of HL were less concerned about the effect of HL, indicating that they might be using compensatory strategies. Differences related to HL in driving behavior were bound to driving condition and occurred when complexity of driving task increased. There was also an effect of HL on visual behavior, suggesting that drivers with HL have a more active visual behavior with more frequent glances in the rear view mirror and a general scanning of the environment before looking away from road. Tactile signal in the driver seat was found useful in both experimental studies, both for calling for driver attention and to facilitate navigation with a GPS. Of high relevance for traffic safety and regardless of hearing status, the tactile support lead to higher satisfaction with the navigation system, less time spent to look at the navigation display, and more focus on road and better driving performance. Conclusions There are effects of HL on both traffic safety and mobility, consistently pointing towards a generally more cautious driving behavior, suggesting a difference in experienced safety. The appearance of compensatory strategies associated with HL is bound to driving condition and include driving at lower speeds, more comprehensive visual search behavior and less engagement in distracting activities. By adding a tactile modality, some driver assistance systems can be made accessible also for drivers with HL.