Number Of Road Traffic Fatalities Research Articles

Comparative Characteristics of Mortality of Children Due to Road Traffic Injuries in the Kyrgyz Republic

High death rates due to road accidents are characteristic of most countries of the world and the problem is global. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted an ambitious goal to halve the number of road traffic fatalities and injuries worldwide by 2030. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the number of traffic accidents increased from 5868 in 2016 to 7041 cases in 2022. In the dynamics of road accidents in the regions of the republic, an increase trend in 2019-2020 was revealed, which was replaced by a decrease in 2022, with the exception of the city of Bishkek with a sharp increase of +70.2%. Regions with a high frequency of road accidents were Chui, Issyk-Kul regions and the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Starting from 2018, 2019 and 2021, with road accidents due to the fault of the driver, injuries to children increased, especially in 2021 in all regions of the republic. In 2022, injuries decreased, only in the Batken, Naryn and Chui regions there was an increase. By region, Batken, Talas, Jalal-Abad and Issyk-Kul regions prevail. The highest rates of increase in mortality of children in road accidents due to the fault of the driver were observed in 2019-2022. Regions with a high mortality rate of children in traffic accidents due to the fault of the driver include the Chui, Talas, Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions. It is necessary in road safety policy to ensure a holistic (systemic) approach to solving the problem of reducing road traffic injuries and mortality.

Factors causing road traffic accidents with particularly serious consequence

Introduction.Reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and aiming for zero deaths by 2030 is a key road safety government goal. The prevention of especially serious road accidents is one of the elements of achieving this goal. Analysis of the main factors contributing to the especially serious road accidents occurrence is the basis of an effective system for their prevention. A review of the scientific literature reveals a lack of knowledge in this area.Materials and methods.The study was performed on the basis of especially serious road accidents sample. The accidents that occurred in the regions of the Siberian Federal District in the period from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed. The following parameters were analyzed: the number of dead and injured, the type of accident, the period of the day, the day of the week, the month of the year, the weather conditions and the condition of roadway. The study is based on a multidimensional frequency distribution. The calculations and graphs were made using MS Excel and Statistica.Results.The results are presented using 2D and 3D histograms and cross tables. An analysis of the especially serious road accidents structure made it possible to distinguish two groups of accidents that differ in the number of the injured and dead. The influence of the analysed factors contributing to the especially serious road accidents occurrence is determined.Practical importance.Knowledge of the factors influence on the frequency of especially serious road accidents occurrence will allow public services to effectively plan measures to prevent such accidents and respond to them. This will reduce the number of road accidents deaths.Originality.Two groups of road accidents with especially serious consequences are identified and substantiated. It was found that the factors have different effects on the distribution of accidents in these groups. The study contains new knowledge of the factors contributing to the especially serious road accidents occurrence.

The Influence of Personality and Demographic Characteristics on Aggressive Driving Behaviors in Eastern Chinese Drivers.

PurposeRoad safety research is important due to the large number of road traffic fatalities globally. This study investigated the influences of age, driving experience and other covariates on aggressive driving behavior.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yixing City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Regression analysis was applied to explore the influences of age and driving experience and their interactions with other covariates on aggressive driving behavior. Two analyses methodologies were used to assess the simple effect of the interactions. Firstly, the Jamovi automatic analysis classification program was used to calculate the simple slope test. Second, the SPSS macro program was also used to calculate the simple slope test also.ResultsA total of 570 drivers (247 males, 282 females) participated in the survey. A negative correlation was found between age and aggressive driving behaviors, and a positive correlation was found between neuroticism and aggressive driving behaviors in the multiple regression analysis. Significant associations were also found between age, driving experience, and depression, as well as age, driving experience, and neuroticism. Simple slope tests showed that depressive symptoms could increase aggressive behaviors in the elderly and experienced drivers. When experiencing neuroticism, individuals with higher driving experience were more aggressive in driving than shorter experienced drivers.ConclusionAge and neuroticism influenced aggressive driving behaviors. Veteran drivers could be aggressive drivers when experiencing depressive symptoms or neuroticism. Mobile intervention could be sent to the potentially risky drivers, which would be safe and broadly feasible to prevent aggressive driving behavior in the background of COVID-19.

The Analysis of Road Traffic Fatality Pattern for Selangor, Malaysia Case Study

Road traffic fatality is a burden towards low- and middle-income countries including Malaysia. Seeing that Selangor has the highest number of road traffic fatalities in Malaysia for the year 2019, therefore the state is selected as a case study. The aim of the article is 1) to understand the road traffic crash pattern and road traffic fatality pattern in Selangor 2) to determine the ability of 16 road traffic features in classifying road traffic fatality occurrence. The preliminary data screening shows that road traffic crash patterns and road traffic fatality patterns in Selangor have many similarities. However, both of them also have few dissimilarities such as crash time of occurrence, day of occurrence, number of vehicles involved in a crash, and type of vehicle first hit for the crash. Supervised machine learning algorithm in Orange data mining software was considered in this analysis. The analysed algorithms among others are neural network, random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and support vector machine. Neural network was seen as the best algorithm to classify road traffic fatality occurrence with 97.0% classification accuracy outperform other algorithms. The result of the article can be used by the relevant traffic stakeholders to execute safety intervention in a more focused manner in Selangor to reduce the number of road traffic fatalities.

Trends in deaths from road injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, January to September 2020

BackgroundIn Japan, the latest estimates of excess all-cause deaths through January to July 2020 showed that the overall (direct and indirect) mortality burden from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan was relatively low compared to Europe and the United States. However, consistency between the reported number of COVID-19 deaths and excess all-cause deaths was limited across prefectures, suggesting the necessity of distinguishing the direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19 by cause-specific analysis. To examine whether deaths from road injuries decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, consistent with a possible reduction of road transport activity connected to Japan’s state of emergency declaration, we estimated the exiguous deaths from road injuries in each week from January to September 2020 by 47 prefectures.MethodsTo estimate the expected weekly number of deaths from road injuries, a quasi-Poisson regression was applied to daily traffic fatalities data obtained from Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, Japan. We set two thresholds, point estimate and lower bound of the two-sided 95% prediction interval, for exiguous deaths, and report the range of differences between the observed number of deaths and each of these thresholds as exiguous deaths.ResultsSince January 2020, in a few weeks the observed deaths from road injuries fell below the 95% lower bound, such as April 6–12 (exiguous deaths 5–21, percent deficit 2.82–38.14), May 4–10 (8–23, 21.05–43.01), July 20–26 (12–29, 30.77–51.53), and August 3–9 (3–20, 7.32–34.41). However, those less than the 95% lower bound were also observed in weeks in the previous years.ConclusionsThe number of road traffic fatalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan has decreased slightly, but not significantly, in several weeks compared with the average year. This suggests that the relatively small changes in excess all-cause mortality observed in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic could not be explained simply by an offsetting reduction in traffic deaths. Considering a variety of other indirect effects, evaluating an independent, unbiased measure of COVID-19-related mortality burden could provide insight into the design of future broad-based infectious disease counter-measures and offer lessons to other countries.

Problematic aspects of administrative liability for violation of rules of road traffic

The article explores the issue of administrative liability for pedestrian traffic violations. It has been found that road safety issues are of concern to everyone, as we are all road users, whether drivers, passengers or pedestrians. According to the World Health Organization, the number of road traffic fatalities is extremely high and is set at around 1.25 million per year, which is unacceptable. Moreover, most of all deaths are in middle- and low-income countries, including Ukraine. It is argued that, at present, the rules of the Code of Administrative Offenses relating to measures of liability for pedestrian traffic violations are essentially dead, which is explained by the use of only a preventive measure and a rather low amount of penalties for such offenses. Administrative responsibility in the field of security is the responsibility of drivers of vehicles or other road users, including officials who are authorized to ensure the safe operation of roads and road structures, transport, operation of transport and roads, for violations of express traffic rules in the application to the perpetrators of administrative penalties in accordance with the grounds and in the manner prescribed by the rules of administrative law This all contributes to the spread of mass offenses in the industry by the efforts of legislators to remedy this situation by amending the relevant Code of Conduct in order to increase accountability and thereby reduce pedestrians' attempts to take similar actions. It is emphasized that as of 2020, a mechanism for the effectiveness of administrative liability for violation of traffic rules by pedestrians has been worked out, in the form of a draft Law on Increasing Administrative Liability in this Field for such road users – as pedestrians. Keywords: administrative responsibility, administrative liability for traffic violations, pedestrian, traffic, traffic accident

Data-driven prehospital training to decrease motorcycle crash deaths in a Sub-Saharan African urban center

The United Nations set an ambitious goal to reduce the number of road traffic fatalities by 50% by 2020 in Sustainable Development Goal 3.6, and improvements in the quality of post-crash care are p...

Data envelopment analysis for investigating optimal road safety policies utilising global epidemiological, risk exposure and socio-economic statistics

The raising number of motorisation and the associated number of road traffic fatalities is reasonably considered as an epidemic phenomenon and one of the most important issues in public policy. In order to understand the phenomenon of road traffic fatalities and to propose road safety measures and policies, it could be helpful the investigation of the phenomenon on a global scale. The current paper focuses on the analysis of the road traffic fatalities, taking into consideration global epidemiological data for a benchmark dataset of the year 2010. The objective is to evaluate-benchmark the countries on their road safety performance, utilising their socio-economic and demographic context. Finally, road safety measures and strategies of the best-performing countries are suggested to the under-performing countries in favour of their road safety enhancement. The analytical framework here is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is considered a straightforward benchmarking technique.

Forecasting the Number of Road Traffic Fatalities in Greece

Forecasting the Number of Road Traffic Fatalities in Greece

Setting Road Safety Targets in Cambodia: A Methodological Demonstration Using the Latent Risk Time Series Model

We present the methodology used for estimating forecasts for the number of road traffic fatalities in 2011–2020 in Cambodia based on observed developments in Cambodian road traffic fatalities and motor vehicle ownership in the years 1995–2009. Using the latent risk time series model baseline forecasts for the fatality risk were estimated for the years 2010–2020. These baseline forecasts were then used to obtain estimates for the future number of fatalities based on three scenarios for the future Cambodian growth in motor vehicle ownership: a low, a middle, and a high growth scenario. The middle growth scenario results in an expected death toll of approximately 3,200 in 2020. In 2010, it was therefore decided in Cambodia to set the target at a 50% reduction of this number or 1,600 fatalities in 2020. If it is possible to achieve this target by taking additional actions to improve road safety, then a total of 7,350 lives could be saved in Cambodia over the whole 2011–2020 period.

Fitness to drive under traffic ophthalmological aspects in elderly drivers

The Federal Roads Office (FEDRO), Switzerlands federal authority carries responsibility for the action program “Via Sicura” in order to reduce drastically the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries on Swiss roads. The revision of the VZV (Verkehrszulassungsverordnung) included in this program will come in to force on 1.July 2016. On that account the legal medical requirements for driver will be renewed. In particular, the requirements for vision (visual acuity, visual field) will be adjusted to international standards. Due to demographic changes the number of elderly drivers with old age (85 – 90+) with eye associated diseases increases. Therefore, questions concerning traffic ophthalmological problems have to be increasingly considered within traffic medical assessments. The driver's vision in traffic's safety must enable him to perceive relevant information, process information quickly and perform an adequate reaction in time, even if visibility is limited (e. g. due to rain, night, darkness) or in the presence of physical or psychical constraints.

Road traffic fatalities in selected governorates of Iraq from 2010 to 2013: prospective surveillance.

BackgroundThe insurgency tactics that characterize modern warfare, such as suicide car bombs and roadside bombs, have the potential to significantly impact road traffic injuries in conflict affected-countries. As road traffic incidents are one of the top ten causes of death in Iraq, changes in incidence have important implications for the health system. We aimed to describe patterns of road traffic fatalities for all demographic groups and types of road users in Iraq during a period characterized by a resurgence in insurgency activity.MethodsIraqi Ministry of Health routine prospective injury surveillance collects information on all fatal injuries in eight governorates of Iraq: Baghdad, Al-Anbar, Basrah, Erbil, Kerbala, Maysan, Ninevah, and Al-Sulaimaniya. From all injury fatalities documented at the coroner office, we analyzed only those attributed to road traffic that occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013. Coroners ascertain information from physical examinations, police reports and family members.ResultsAnalysis included 7,976 road traffic fatalities. Overall, 6,238 (78.2 %) fatalities were male and 2,272 (28.5 %) were children under 18 years of age. The highest numbers of road traffic fatalities were among males 15 to 34 years of age and children of both sexes under 5 years of age. 49.2 % of fatalities occurred among pedestrians. Among children and females, the majority of road traffic fatalities were pedestrians, 69.0 % and 56.6 %, respectively. Fatalities among motorcyclists (3.7 %) and bicyclists (0.4 %) were least common. Rates of road traffic fatalities ranged from 8.6 to 10.7 per 100,000 population.ConclusionsThe injury surveillance system provides the first data from a conflict-affected country on road traffic fatalities disaggregated by type of road user. The highest numbers of fatalities were among children and young men. Nearly half of fatalities were pedestrians, a proportion nearly double that of any neighboring country. As insurgency activity increased in 2013, the number of road traffic fatalities declined.

Status of road safety and injury burden: Europe.

Road traffic injuries are an ongoing global health burden and cause more than 1.2 million deaths per year.1 In Europe, the annual socioeconomic impact accounts for €130 billion.2 In 2011, the United Nations set a special focus on road safety and injury prevention by the proclamation of the “Decade of Action for Road Safety.” This initiative focuses mainly on developing countries.3 In Germany, many measures have been undertaken to improve the mortality rates associated with traffic injuries.4 Among these are countrywide mandatory helmet laws for motorcyclists, speed limits on the Autobahn, speed limit reinforcements associated with fines in and outside the cities, and a network of overlapping rescue helicopter coverage throughout the country5 (Table 1). Despite a general decrease in mortality, the European Commission in 2001 set a new law to reduce the number of road traffic fatalities by another 50%.6 Until 2009, a reduction of more than one third (38%) was achieved7 (Fig. 1). The improvements observed seem to be a result of improvements in education, engineering, and technical improvements in active and passive car safety. These have had effects for cyclists and pedestrians, as well.1 In addition, a 1% reduction of distance traveled by motorized vehicles has occurred, which may have contributed to a decreased incidence of accidents (1.8%).1TABLE 1: Injury Prevention and Road Fatalities in Germany Since 1955FIGURE 1: Road fatalities in Europe since 2001.Based on these prerequisites, this article provides an overview on the current situation in Europe and focuses on 2 questions: How can the improvements in road traffic–associated fatalities in Europe be explained? Is there a special patient group that should be aimed at in the future? The observed decline of fatalities over the last decades can be explained by different factors. The highest number of fatalities was observed in the age group between 15 and 29 years.7 Furthermore, most pronounced decrease in fatalities was found for children younger than 14 years of age (55%). The age group between 15 and 24 years demonstrated a decrease of 40%. In elderly persons, the reduction was only 9%.7 This may be explained by the fact that more elderly people continue to drive. Moreover, if involved in a car accident, their chances of death are higher than in all other age groups. Over the last 2 decades, Germany has been setting the path in terms of road safety in Europe in several ways. Multiple safety measures have been instituted to help reduce the number of road traffic injuries. Within Europe, Germany is the only country that has a complete coverage of helicopter air rescue services.4,8,9 In Germany, by law, every injured patient is required to be seen by an emergency physician within 30 minutes after the accident. Further measures are documented in Table 1 and include rigorous speed limits (including the Autobahn), mandatory helmet laws in every county, and other measures to improve passive driver safety. Based on the available literature, the questions addressed initially can be answered as follows: A significant reduction in mortality rates across Europe has been successfully achieved. Germany seems to have gained, in particular, from overlapping coverage of helicopter emergency rescue systems, speed limits on the Autobahn, and passive car safety. According to current data, elderly patients are at special risk to sustain unsurvivable injuries. Although no clear cut data are available, multiple factors might play a role, such as impairment of hearing and vision, as well as reduced reactivity toward speed and other changes in traffic patterns. Therefore, a major focus should lie on age adaptions of vehicles for the retired drivers.

Necrotizing fasciitis – A rare fatal outcome of road traffic accidents

Abstract Along with the benefits it provides, road transportation has many disadvantages such as traffic casualties, respiratory illnesses, pollution (both air and noise), emission of green house gases, and consumption of national resources. Of these, traffic casualties are one of the major factors that have a major effect on people’s health. Most of the victims die as a direct result of the injury. However a considerable number of road traffic fatalities actually occur in the hospitals as a result of infections and negligence, rather than as a direct result of the injury. Proper diagnosis and post-accident care of the victims become very essential in saving many lives. Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe form of soft tissue infection that primarily involves the superficial fascia. Usually it occurs after trauma or is post operative. Sepsis is the major factor responsible for the late death of victims of road traffic accidents. This study reports the case of a 48-year-old man who survived an accident with a motorized two wheeler, following which he developed a rare complication, necrotizing fasciitis and died of septic shock. This article deals with the approach of a forensic pathologist in cases of delayed death due to road traffic accidents.

Lives saved from declined drink driving behaviors in a Chinese city

BackgroundChina has the highest number of road traffic fatalities in the world, accounting for 18% of global road traffic deaths. Drink and drunk driving is one of major causes of...

ISA implementation and uncertainty: A literature review and expert elicitation study

Each day, an average of over 116 people die from traffic accidents in the European Union. One out of three fatalities is estimated to be the result of speeding. The current state of technology makes it possible to make speeding more difficult, or even impossible, by placing intelligent speed limiters (so called ISA devices) in vehicles. Although the ISA technology has been available for some years now, and reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and injuries has been high on the European political agenda, implementation still seems to be far away. Experts indicate that there are still too many uncertainties surrounding ISA implementation, and dealing with these uncertainties is essential for implementing ISA. In this paper, a systematic and representative inventory of the uncertainties is made based upon the literature. Furthermore, experts in the field of ISA were surveyed and asked which uncertainties are barriers for ISA implementation, and how uncertain these uncertainties are. We found that the long-term effects and the effects of large-scale implementation of ISA are still uncertain and are the most important barriers for the implementation of the most effective types of ISA. One way to deal with these uncertainties would be to start implementation on a small scale and gradually expand the penetration, in order to learn how ISA influences the transport system over time.

Road traffic injuries to foreigners in the People's Republic of China, 2000-2008

Introduction: China's rapid motorization has resulted in significant challenges in road safety. Method: Using official national statistics, this study examines road traffic injuries (RTIs) experienced by foreigners in China. The number of foreigners entering China has increased 2.4 times over the study period, from 10.16 million in 2000 to 24.33 million in 2008. Results: From 2000- 2008, the number of road traffic fatalities among foreigners similarly increased 2.5 fold, including 49 fatalities reported in 2008. Nonfatal RTIs during this same time frame increased by a magnitude of 1.8 (126 nonfatal injuries in 2000 to 223 in 2008). Conclusions: This study suggests that the total number of foreigners working or visiting China each year who suffer fatal and nonfatal road traffic injuries is relatively low. Impact on Industry: This study provided evidence suggesting that foreigners visiting or working in China face a relatively low risk of road traffic injuries.

Analysis of fatal road traffic crashes in Ghana

The major objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with fatal road traffic crashes (RTCs) and to propose remedial measures to address them. Fatal RTC data for the period 2005–2007 in Ghana were analysed using the Micro-computer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP) software. Other transport-related research works were reviewed and incorporated in the article. The study showed that pedestrians accounted for 42% of all road traffic fatalities and nearly one-third (33%) of these crashes occurred during the early night-time hours. Children alone constituted almost one-third of all pedestrian fatalities. The occupants of goods vehicles accounted for 12% of all road traffic fatalities although goods vehicles constitute just about 9% of the total motor vehicle population in Ghana. Pedestrians, especially children bear a disproportionately high share of road traffic fatalities in Ghana. The risk of being killed as a pedestrian in traffic is exacerbated during night time. Excessive vehicular speeds, inappropriate use of goods vehicles for passenger transport, excessive loading and inadequate trauma care are the key contributory risk factors to the high number of road traffic fatalities. Concerted efforts spanning education, engineering, enforcement and trauma care are needed to stem the rise in fatal crashes in Ghana.

Seat Belt Law and Road Traffic Injuries in Delhi, India

Road traffic injuries have become a serious health burden all over the world in general and in cities of low and middle-income countries in particular. Delhi, the capital city of India, records the highest number of road traffic fatalities of all cities in India. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the mandatory seatbelt law enacted in Delhi in 2002 in terms of observance of the law and estimated reduction in fatalities due to road traffic crashes. Seat belt use was monitored by roadside observations at one location in 2001, a year before the compulsory use law. Roadside observations on belt use were taken every year in March/April for the period 2002-2005 after the notification of the compulsory use law. Seat belt use by front seat passengers averaged 72% for the 4 years 2002-2005 (drivers 79%, passengers 58%). Belt use by front seat by passengers was about 25% lower than that by drivers in all the years. Since car occupants comprise only 2-3% of the fatalities in Delhi, the belt law may have resulted in an overall fatality reduction of less than 1%, an estimated 11-15 lives/year.

Distribution of road traffic deaths by road user group: a global comparison

Background:Road traffic deaths are a major global health and development problem. An understanding of the existing burden of road traffic deaths in the population is necessary for developing effective interventions.Objective:To...