Number Of Road Accidents Research Articles

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES ENGAGED IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses the importance of implementing innovations at road transport enterprises in the context of achieving the region's sustainable development goals. The author emphasizes that road transport enterprises are significant sources of harmful emissions and environmental pollution, so using innovative technologies, such as electric vehicles, hybrid cars, and alternative fuels, is an important tool for reducing the negative environmental impact. In particular, these technologies help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful substances, which is in line with Sustainable Development Goals 7 (access to modern energy), 13 (combating climate change), and 15 (protecting terrestrial ecosystems). In addition, innovations in transport technologies, such as automated driving systems, help to improve road safety and reduce the number of road accidents, which is in line with Goal 3 (good health and well-being). The creation of new jobs and infrastructure development through the construction of electric charging stations and the introduction of intelligent transport systems (smart cities) are also linked to Sustainable Development Goals 9 (sustainable infrastructure) and 11 (sustainable urban development). The author analyses the performance indicators of innovations at motor transport enterprises, taking into account economic, social, and environmental aspects. Particular emphasis is placed on the adaptation of these indicators to the current realities of Ukraine. Using game theory, the article develops a model for the selection of optimal strategies for motor transport enterprises and the region. This model allows us to find the Nash equilibrium - a situation where both parties achieve the optimal result. Enterprises that implement innovations not only improve their own performance indicators, but also contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals of the region. The article also presents two sets of strategies: for the development of logistics activities of a motor transport enterprise and the sustainable development of the region. Both approaches aim to comprehensively improve the region's environmental, economic, and social situation. The conclusions emphasize the importance of implementing innovation development assessment systems as a tool for making strategic decisions and improving the efficiency of logistics operations.

Safety Trends in the Automobile Industry in India

The automobile industry in India has experienced significant advancements in recent years, driven by rapid technological innovations and evolving consumer expectations. Safety has emerged as a critical focus area, with stakeholders ranging from government bodies to manufacturers and consumers increasingly emphasizing the need for stringent safety measures. This paper explores the key safety trends shaping the Indian automotive sector, including the adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the implementation of new crash test standards, and the increased integration of passive and active safety features in vehicles. Additionally, it highlights the regulatory changes brought forth by the Indian government, such as the Bharat New Vehicle Safety Assessment Program (BNVSAP) and mandatory safety norms like airbags and anti-lock braking systems (ABS). The study also examines the role of technological innovations, including connected vehicle technologies and the potential of autonomous driving in enhancing road safety. By analyzing these trends, the paper aims to provide insights into how safety measures in the Indian automobile industry are evolving to meet global standards and reduce the rising number of road accidents in the country.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В ГОРОДСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids (SIM). A new alternative to using a personal car is the use of a variety of personal protective equipment (SIM). SIM is a new era of development in the transport field. The devices began to gain particular popularity in Russia just a few years ago, and in foreign countries they are already actively used as a replacement for a personal car, developing the design and rules of use every year, thereby increasing safety.

Fatal road traffic accidents and injuries: a preliminary study.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health problem globally and cause deaths, disability, and significant economic costs. In Italy, there was an increased number of road accidents, deaths, and injuries in 2022 compared to 2021, although still below pre-pandemic levels. A retrospective observational study was performed on a case series of 53 consecutive fatal RTAs examined by the Section of Forensic Medicine of Verona. The case series was divided, according to the type of victims involved, into pedestrians, car drivers, car passengers, and motorcyclists. For each, the times and causes of death, the distribution of external and internal injuries, and toxicological data were analysed, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Although this is a preliminary study on a small case series and lacks statistical validation, so more cases are needed, the preliminary results seem to provide a useful tool for assessing injuries in complex fatal road accidents.

Анализ состояния дорожно-транспортного травматизма, связанный со средствами индивидуальной мобильности в Хабаровском крае

This scientific article analyzes the situation related to road accidents occurring with personal vehicles in the Khabarovsk Territory. The analysis found that the main factors influencing the level of road accidents are speeding, violation of traffic rules and improper behavior of drivers. Most accidents occur with the participation of motorcycles, scooters and bicycles, which indicates insufficient road culture of the owners of such vehicles Purpose: to analyze the state of road traffic injuries associated with personal mobility devices in the Khabarovsk Territory. Methods: statistical analysis of data on road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory for 2022. Results: dased on the results obtained, specific measures were proposed aimed at reducing the number of road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory. One of the main directions of work is conducting educational work among the population about the need to comply with traffic rules and responsible behavior on the roads. Also important is the improvement of road infrastructure and the creation of safe conditions for the movement of pedestrians and cyclists. Practical importance: in general, the results of this study can be recommended to government agencies and road safety specialists when developing programs to reduce road accidents in the Khabarovsk Territory.

Forecasting the number of road accidents in Poland using trend models depending on the days of the week

Every year a very large number of people die on the roads. From year to year, the value decreases, there are still a very high number of them. The pandemic has reduced the number of road accidents, but the value is still very high. For this reason, it is necessary to know on which days the highest number of traffic accidents occur, and to know the forecast of accidents by day of the week for the coming years, so that we can do everything possible to minimize the number of traffic accidents. The purpose of the article is to make a forecast of the number of road accidents in Poland according to the day of the week. The research was divided into two parts. The first was the analysis of annual data from the Police statistics on the number of road accidents in Poland in 2000-2021, and on this basis the forecast of the number of road accidents for 2022-2031 was determined. The second part of the research, dealt with monthly data from 2000-2021. Again, the analyzed forecast for the period January 2022 - December 2023 was determined. The results of the study indicate that we can still expect a decline in the number of accidents in the coming years, which is particularly evident when analyzing annual data. It is worth noting that the prevailing pandemic distorts the results obtained. The research was conducted in MS Excel, using selected trend models.

ASSESSING THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN ROAD SAFETY INDICATORS IN UKRAINE

Purpose. A study of road traffic in Ukraine shows that despite several legislative and regulatory documents aimed at improving road safety, the total number of road traffic accidents (RTAs) is increasing from 2015 to 2021. According to statistical data, each road traffic accident involves more than one injured person on average. A significant reduction in the accident rate can be achieved by developing a national action programme to improve road safety, which should be based on a systematic analysis of the nature and causes of road accidents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of the level of road safety in Ukraine based on a systematic approach to assessing road accident data. Methodology. In the course of the research, the methods of regression analysis were used to study the absolute, specific and relative accident rates and the causes of accidents. All calculations were performed using Excel software. Results. This paper studies the international regulatory framework and national legislative documents aimed at improving traffic safety. An analysis of changes in absolute, specific and relative accident rates in 22 regions of the country is carried out. The general trends in accident rates in Ukraine from 2015 to 2021 are identified. The total number of road accidents in Ukraine, with some fluctuations in some years, has been increasing from 2015 to 2021. However, the percentage of road accidents with victims in the total number of accidents is decreasing. The social risk indicator in 2021 decreased by 15.86% compared to 2015. However, this figure remains almost twice as high as in top countries, where even those who died within 30 days of being injured in a road accident are taken into account. The scientific novelty. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis, the methods of estimating absolute, specific and relative accident rates, which take into account the number of victims, injured and killed in road accidents in the study of different regions of Ukraine, have been further developed. The practical significance. The obtained regression dependencies of accident rates can be used to formulate the provisions of an effective national road safety system aimed at significantly reducing the number of people killed and injured in road accidents, as well as reducing the economic losses caused by them.

Time Horizon for Forecasting the Number of Traffic Accidents

On Polish roads, there are more and more automobiles each year. This results in more people using the roadways. Because of this, the threat posed by traffic accidents, which involve the loss of human life and financial resources, is quickly expanding. The rise of motorization and the quickening expansion of the human population are to blame for this. The tiny amount of the dataset that may be utilized for research in this respect is the major problem in anticipating and evaluating data on road accidents. Despite the fact that road accidents result in millions of lives and injuries worldwide each year, they are not very common. Traffic accidents are still quite common despite the pandemic's reduction. The aim of the essay is to evaluate the temporal horizon of the predicted number of traffic accidents. For this reason, an estimate of the expected number of traffic accidents in the future years was made, and its effect on the average percentage error of the projection was computed. Based on the analysis of the input data on the number of road accidents (annual and monthly), the results show that monthly and annual data can be forecast up to six years in advance.

Predicting the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids on the example of Krasnodar krai

Introduction. Nowadays personal mobility aids (SIMs) are in active demand. According to the data of the mass media, the considered means of mobility are particularly popular in southern cities, such as the cities of Krasnoyarsk region, in which 190 accidents involving SIMs occurred during the period of 2018–2023. In order to assess the changing situation in the field of accidents involving SIMs in the scale of southern cities, a model for predicting the number of accidents involving the considered means of transportation within the framework of this study using the example of Krasnodar Krai was developed.Methods and Materials. In order to predict the number of traffic accidents, mathematical modelling methods have been used as a research method, in particular the science of econometrics has been applied, which is quite often used to evaluate statistical indicators from a mathematical point of view.Results. The authors have developed a model for predicting the number of accidents involving SIM for Krasnodar region with a reliability of 67%.Conclusion. It was found that the increasing nature of change in the considered quantities can be described using a multiplicative model consisting of three components – seasonal, trend and random. The calculation of all components enables to determine the type of model (), which can calculate the number of accidents involving SIM for the subject (Krasnodar Krai) under consideration.

Analysing traffic safety on the roads of the Kharkiv region during the period of martial law

Problem. The functioning of road transport in regions of long-term armed conflicts is associated with additional risks for road traffic safety. The degree of influence of additional risk factors can be investigated by analyzing traffic accident statistics in such a region. Goal. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of martial law conditions on road safety indicators in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine by comparing statistical data on accidents and road deaths due to road accidents. Methodology. To achieve the goal, the work uses methods of statistical analysis of data and construction of trends, methods of determining relative indicators of the severity of road accidents. Results. As a result of the analysis of statistical data on road accidents in the Kharkiv region, the distribution of accident rates for the period from 2019 to 2023 was obtained, which made it possible to reveal their significant differences during the period of martial law compared to previous periods. In particular, it was established that with a decrease in the total number of road accidents, there was an increase in the severity of the consequences of road accidents. This regularity was confirmed by analyzing the relative indicators of road accident severity. The identified differences in accident and death rates on the roads of the Kharkiv region in 2023 compared to the periods before the start of hostilities indicate a change in road traffic conditions. Originality. The paper investigated the impact of martial law conditions on road safety on the example of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. As a result, the degree of influence of the risk factors that arose as a result of the deployment of the armed conflict on the increase in the level of danger for road users was established. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for planning and implementation of measures to ensure traffic safety on highways in regions that are the zone of long-term armed conflicts.

Risk-taking behind the wheel: Validation of the Road Traffic Behaviours Questionnaire based on data from Polish car drivers

Applying appropriate measurement tools is necessary when examining risky driving behaviours. The aim of this paper is to present a revised Road Traffic Behaviours Questionnaire, i.e., KZD(R), for studying the tendency towards risky behaviour on the road. The study was conducted on a group of 1281 Polish passenger car drivers (630 females) with an average age of 38.78 years (SD = 13.16). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire have been checked by means of factor analysis and adequate reliability measures (the McDonald’s omega index of reliability was 0.92, showing a high internal consistency of the scale, and the stability index after a year was at the same level). Positive correlations of the questionnaire results with impulsiveness and venturesomeness from the IVE questionnaire, as well as negative correlations with empathy (IVE) and agreeableness from the Big Five model, confirmed the validity of the tool to measure risk-taking behind the wheel. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the differentiating ability of the tool’s scores in relation to the self-reported data collected from the drivers on the number of road accidents, traffic tickets received, and situations of driving after alcohol usage. The cutpoint above 10 points was established as optimal for classifying drivers into the group of potential dangerous risk-takers in road traffic. Overall, the KZD(R) can be a useful tool to measure risk-taking behind the wheel for various road safety and accident prevention purposes.

Testing Of Deep Learning-Based LSTM Model For Number Of Road Accidents Predicting

Many have used the prediction of the number of road accidents, but it is still rare to find those who use and test prediction models that are not suitable. Predictive models that have been used to predict road accidents have proven successful, but have not provided model testing with data that is different from the deep learning approach. The LSTM model test is proposed to be tested with 5 different datasets from Kaggle and 3 hidden layer variations. The test results of the LSTM model are that with variations of 4 hidden layers it can achieve higher accuracy results than those without hidden layers and 2 hidden layers. The results are obtained from stability with the lowest average MSLE value and relatively balanced average time. Deep learning-based LSTM model testing was carried out to ensure and prove the stability of the model for predicting the number of road accidents in the future. Stakeholders can predict the number of road accidents using the resulting prediction model.

Forecasting Road Accident Deaths in India Using SARIMA

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The present study analysed the pattern of road accident deaths in India from the year 2014 till the year 2022. The data was taken from the government website, and we have split it into training and testing datasets. The training dataset was from the year 2014 to 2020, and the forecasting was done for the years 2021 and 2022. We have used the SARIMA model to forecast the number of road accidents in India for the years 2021 and 2022. The accuracy of the SARIMA model in forecasting the number of road accidents in India is also established in the present study. The study has insights for policymakers and administrators. Some of the policies that can be enforced to decrease the number of road accidents in India are better road infrastructure for vehicles across India, enforcement of safety regulations, easy access to trauma care centres, strictly following the speed limits on the road and so on.

CAR ACCIDENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND LIGHT AS A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR

Ensuring road safety and preventing car accidents are vital concerns for public health and safety. Despite advancements in vehicle technology and traffic management, the number of road accidents remains alarmingly high, leading to significant loss of life and injuries. The study aims to assess the relationship between causes and types of car accidents depending on lighting conditions when an accident happens. The quantitative content analysis of the car accidents recorded by the POLICE between October 2022 and October 2023 provided relevant data, processed by cluster analysis and illustrated via a heat map. Road safety and preventing car accidents have always been a public priority. The authors analysed crucial aspects of traffic safety and alarming numbers of casualties, including 440 deaths, 1,466 badly and 18,389 slightly injured people. The most common types of accidents involved head-on collisions with solid obstacles and ongoing non-rail vehicles. Careless drivers were the main provokers of the tragic events over the monitored period. Looking at the time of accidents, we can see interesting parallels in their causes, irrespective of the day or nighttime. Our recommendations included raising drivers’ awareness and police imposing preventative measures against the common causes of accidents. The study did not consider other factors behind traffic collisions.

Research study of passenger cars repair costs depending on the vehicle make, type of spare parts and the entity providing the service

The high number of road accidents has significant social importance, both in the context of households and enterprises, because each vehicle damage entails financial outlays related to the repair of damaged vehicles. This article analyses the most common types of vehicle damage occurring in road traffic. The object of the research were the vehicles most frequently purchased in Poland in 2022. The research process involved numerical experiment method using the AUDATEX system to determine costs enabling to repair such damage. The analyses take into account various repair options, such as: Authorized Service Station, independent workshop, and conditions proposed by insurance companies in Poland. The research showed cost dependencies between variables such as the vehicle brand, the type of spare parts and the entity providing the service.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic injuries in Iran: An interrupted time-series analysis.

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the number of road accidents and deaths caused by them. The present study aimed to identify the effect of this epidemic on traffic accidents and their casualties in Iran. In this study, Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) was used in a semi-experimental design to measure the impact of the restrictive policies of COVID-19 on road accidents. Data were collected retrospectively from the Iran Red Crescent Society data set for 31 provinces from March 2017 to February 2022. The information related to the number of road accidents, injuries, deaths, and deaths in the hospital was collected. The Newey-West method is used for estimation. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software version 3.6.1. Since February 2020 in Iran, the reduction in the number of road accidents and the number of injuries and deaths in these accidents was significant at 5% but the reduction of deaths in the scene and hospital was significant at 10%. In general, for all variables, the reduction trend was established only in the first months, and then it had an upward trend. In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, the number of road accidents and their casualties decreased. Policies restricting traffic, quarantine, and fines for violators can be reasons for changing people's behavior and travel patterns and also lead to a reduction in traffic accidents and fatalities. Such studies can explain the importance of the policies in changing behavioural patterns and can be used as a guide in future policies.

Pavement maintenance and surface treatment: Evaluation and prevention towards road safety aspect along Ampang Jaya road

Abstract The severity of road damage, such as surface cracking or potholes putting drivers of moving vehicles at greater risk of collisions. This study aims to determine and propose the maintenance procedure and surface treatment activity carried out along Jalan Taman Putra, Jalan Bunga Raya and Jalan Perdana Utama in Ampang Jaya, Selangor. From a visual inspection, Jalan Bunga Raya and Jalan Perdana Utama was rated as B and required immediate repairs, while Rating C required to be fixed for user comfort on Jalan Taman Putra. Patch defects account for 45 % and 46 % of all defects on Jalan Taman Putra and Jalan Bunga Raya routes, respectively. Meanwhile, most defects on Jalan Perdana Utama were delamination, accounting for 38 % of all defects. The statistics on the number of road accidents show that pavement restoration work is effective when it results in a decrease in accidents between 2015 and 2021 by 42 % in Jalan Taman Putra, 33 % in Jalan Bunga Raya, and 12 % in Jalan Perdana Utama. Rehabilitating the roads had a favourable impact on Ampang Jaya, Selangor's low traffic accidents rate and raised levels of road safety. To improve road safety features, efficient supervision and maintenance efficiency are required.

METHODS OF TRANSPORT MODELLING AS RESEARCH TOOLS IN CREATING TRAFFIC SAFETY MODELS IN URBAN AREAS

In a modern city with heavy traffic and increasing complexity of transportation systems, the issue of traffic planning to minimize the number of road accidents becomes particularly acute. Transport modelling is one of the tools used in the research and development of traffic models in urban areas. By using transport modelling, it is possible to identify potential hazards and evaluate the effectiveness of proposed safety measures that reduce accident risks and improve traffic safety in urban planning. Existing transport modelling methods, including microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, dynamic, and static, have been examined. An analysis of the main characteristics of each method was conducted, along with the software that supports their implementation, evaluating the advantages and limitations of each method as research tools in creating traffic safety models in urban areas. As a result of the study, the simulation micromodelling method was proposed for assessing safety levels when analyzing existing solutions or during the design phase of new elements of the street and road network in cities. Key factors have been identified that justify the use of micromodelling when forming a traffic safety model. Based on the research, it was found that for assessing the safety level of existing solutions for street and road network elements and during the development of a traffic safety model in urban areas, the simulation micromodelling method is the most appropriate. At the same time, applying a set of measures to adapt the chosen implementation of this method to a specific type of street and road network element significantly improves the accuracy of traffic safety assessment results in cities.

Intelligent Helmet System for Prevention of Accidents

Abstract: India, like, has a huge number of road accidents almost every year. The accidents may be due to like many reasons like by drinking and driving, driving like rashly, exceeding the speed limit, etc., you know. Sometimes, the person who like gets injured might not be like responsible for the Accident, you know what I mean. It might be the fault of some other vehicle rider, maybe. But overall, both riders will get like affected, kind of. Due to a lack, you know, of first aid and emergency medical services on time, the riders may like die, which is kind of sad, you know. Some deaths are occurred due to the ambulance not reaching the desired location on time, which is, like, bad, you know. In case of an accident, to save time and inform the concerned person, a system is proposed like which can made sure that the rider gets the required attention in a short time, you know. In, like, India, many people use two-wheeler vehicles as compared to four-wheeler vehicles because of its, you know, low which is kind, like, interesting, you know what I mean. In many accidents, the rider gets injured mainly on the head, kind of, you know. A helmet kind of plays a very important role in saving the life of the ridden, you know what I mean. So to encourage people to wear helmets and to avoid accidents, a design is proposed that synchronizes the, you know, module present in the bike, which is kind of cool.

Road Accident Analysis and Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Abstract: India is facing a severe public health crisis characterized by a significant number of road accidents resulting in fatalities and life-altering injuries. This study undertakes a detailed analysis of road accidents in India using multi-year accident data to unveil recurring patterns and identify high-risk demographics. The research meticulously examines the primary causes of these accidents, including driver behavior such as speeding, and inadequate road infrastructure such as poor lighting, signage, potholes, and vehicle malfunctions. Moreover, the paper proposes a comprehensive approach to prevent these tragedies. It suggests strategies for enhancing road design and maintenance, enforcing traffic regulations more rigorously, and conducting targeted public awareness campaigns to promote responsible driving practices. By highlighting the alarming increase in fatalities and the substantial socio-economic costs associated with these accidents, this research emphasizes the critical need for immediate and effective interventions to establish a safer road environment for all citizens in India.