Number Of Pull-ups Research Articles

Reliability, Objectivity, Validity, and Reference Levels of the Austrian Pole Climbing Test (APCT)-A Novel Monitoring Tool for Assessing General Fitness in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Climbing is an activity involving many major muscle groups and, therefore, it is suitable for assessing general physical fitness. The Austrian pole climbing test (APCT) was developed as a reliable and valid test for the assessment of general fitness levels in children, adolescents, and young adults. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 677 participants (aged 6 to 19 years) were assessed via the APCT. Subsequently, test quality criteria (reliability and objectivity) were assessed, and the test's validity was evaluated through comparisons with other established fitness tests (hand grip strength, standing long jump, and pull- and push-ups). Additionally, age- and gender-specific reference values were generated. The reliability (ICC2.1 = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95 to 0.98) and objectivity (ICC2.1 = 0.99, 95%CI 0.99 to 0.99) of the APCT were found to be excellent. The APCT results correlated strongly with the hand strength per kilogram of body weight (right: r = 0.58; left: r = 0.53), number of pull-ups (with upper grip: r = 0.74; with lower grip: r = 0.69) and standing long jump (r = 0.61); a moderate correlation with the push-up test was observed (r = 0.44). The APCT is reliable, objective, and suitable for children, adolescents, and young adults with an affinity for sports. It offers a novel opportunity to assess fitness without time pressure, considering the anthropometric requirements.

THE STRENGTH AND POWER OF KABADDI AND ATHLETICS PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder strength and leg power between Kabaddi and Athletics players. The male subjects for the study were chosen by the present researchers. The participants in the study were those who competed in inter-college district tournaments. The participants were between the ages of 18-25 years. Twenty players from each of the games Athletics (n=20) and Kabaddi (n=20) were chosen by the researchers. A simple random sampling method was used to select the 40 subjects. The researchers used the Standing Broad Jump to collect data on leg power, which was measured in meters. Pull-ups were used to test shoulder strength, and the total number of pull-ups was counted. The statistical package SPSS was used to compare shoulder strength and leg power of Kabaddi and Athletics players and used the mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 to test the hypothesis. The findings show that the strength of the shoulders did not differ significantly between Kabaddi and Athletics players. Also, no significant difference was found in leg power between Kabaddi and Athletics players.

The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets.

The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7-10 weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4 years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA). The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.77 ± 6.7 m, BM: 72.6 ± 9.1 kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 5.8 cm, BM: 75.3 ± 7.6 kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.68 ± 2.8 cm, BM: 59.9 ± 3.1 kg).The cadets participated each year for 4years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run). The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184 = 17.591, P<.01), in men by 2.7% (t152 = 16.243, P<.01) and in women by 2.2% (t31 = 9.280, P<.01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184 = 17.681, P<.01), in men by 3.0% (t152 = 16.046, P<.01) and in women by 2.3% (t31 = 9.224, P<0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184 = 8.134, P<.01), for men -14.8% (t152 = 8.918, P < .01) and women -2.1% (t31 = 0.860, P>.05) without significant differences between the measurements.The number of push-ups in 1minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184 = -27.813, P<.01), in women by +35.6% (t31 = 13,864, P<.01). The number of sit-ups in 1minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184 = -30.501, P<.01), for men +28.8% (t152 = -29.862, P<.01). The number of pull-ups in 1minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184 = -13.426, P<.01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152 = -13.918, p<.01) and women (t31 = -2.820, P<.01).On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184 = -45.289, P<.01), in men by 11.1% (t152=-45.222, P<.01) while in women by 9.0% (t31 = 15.709, P<.01). The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.

Functional state dynamics in cross-country skiers in the summer and autumn preparatory phase

Background and Study Aim. To study changes in the functional state of professional Russian cross country skiers in the course of the preparatory phase and their effects on their competition ratings. Materials and methods. In this study we examined 10 cross-country skiers. The functional state was assessed through a maximal load bicycle ergometer test, coordination and special performance tests. Concentrations of lactate and cortisol were checked in the blood plasma of participants. Results. The training effects on general physical preparedness and special physical preparation in September in comparison with June were observed as an increased number of pull-ups on a pull-up bar (by 14%) and decreased time of the roller ski test (by 4%). In autumn higher systolic (by 11%) and diastolic (by 10%) arterial blood pressure levels, higher levels of plasma lactate and cortisol (by 48% and 64%, respectively) were detected (p&lt;0.05). At anaerobic threshold the following increased: total performance capacity (by 13%), oxygen consumption (by 14%), watt pulse (by 5%), respiratory minute volume, oxygen utilization coefficient, and oxygen pulse (by 15%) (p&lt;0.05-0.01) at rest before the ergometer test. In September upon completion of the ergometer test we observed an increase of oxygen pulse (by 7%), watt pulse (by 10%), and oxygen utilization coefficient (by 24%) (p&lt;0.05). In autumn at the 5th minute of recovery after the ergometer test the heart rate recovered 11% faster, blood lactate – 29% faster, and the oxygen utilization rate increased by 15% (p&lt;0.05-0.01). In June no statistically significant correlations were found between the studied indicators. In autumn statistically significant correlations appeared between indicators of the cardiorespiratory system, physical performance, and coordination test time. Conclusions. The package program for the summer-autumn training period contributes to the improvement of the functional status of the cross-country skiers and to the development of physical power, endurance, increased strength of the upper limbs, increased speed of movement on roller skis, faster and more complete recovery of physiological and biochemical parameters.

The Relationship Between Army Physical Fitness and Functional Capacities in Infantry Members of the Slovenian Armed Forces.

Šimenko, J, Kovčan, B, Pori, P, Vodičar, J, Vodičar, M, and Hadžić, V. The Relationship between army physical fitness and functional capacities in infantry members of the Slovenian Armed Forces. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3506-3512, 2021-The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between traditional army physical fitness test (APFT) and a novel functional testing battery that included countermovement jump (CMJ) testing, stork balANce test, pUll-ups, single leg hAmstring bridge test, and loaded prone pLank test-MANUAL battery. The secondary purpose was to explore additional baseline fitness aspects traditionally not covered by APFT. This cross-sectional study involved 181 Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) infantry members (age 31.4 ± 6.1 years) that were tested using both the regular annual APFT and the MANUAL battery (testing was conducted 2 weeks apart). At the significance level of p ≤ 0.05, significant but weak associations between the MANUAL testing battery and APFT battery (0.2 ≤ r < 0.5; p ≤ 0.05) were observed. The MANUAL battery has highlighted possible hamstring (less than 20 repetitions on a single leg bridge test in 26% of SAF infantry members) and posterior shoulder pull-up muscle weakness (mean score 5 ± 4 pull-ups). Functional predictors from the MANUAL explained only 33.6% of the APFT score (R2 = 0.336). Significant predictors of APFT score were single leg hamstring left (p = 0.048), loaded plank (p = 0.049), number of pull-ups (p < 0.001), CMJ (p = 0.01), and loaded CMJ (p = 0.026). The findings suggest that higher APFT marks are associated with better performance on the MANUAL tests and indicate the problem of hamstring and pull-up muscle weakness. The general recommendation is that the physical condition military programs should include more exercises to strengthen those muscle groups.

Performing pull-ups with small climbing holds influences grip and biomechanical arm action

ABSTRACTPull-ups are often used by sport-climbers and other athletes to train their arm and back muscle capabilities. Sport-climbers use different types of holds to reinforce finger strength concomitantly. However, the effect of grip types on pull-up performance had not previously been investigated. A vertical force platform sensor measured the force exerted by climbers when performing pull-ups under six different grip conditions (gym-bar, large climbing hold, and four small climbing holds: 22mm, 18mm, 14mm, and 10mm). The electromyography of finger flexors and extensor muscles were recorded simultaneously. The maximal arm power and summed mechanical work were computed. The results revealed that the number of pull-ups, maximal power, and summed mechanical work decreased significantly with the size of the climbing hold used, even if no differences were found between a large climbing hold and a gym-bar. Electromyography of the forearm muscles revealed that the use of a climbing hold generated finger flexor fatigue and that the level of cocontraction was impacted by the different segment coordination strategies generated during the pull-ups. These findings are likely to be useful for quantifying training loads more accurately and designing training exercises and programs.

The effect of methylphenidate treatment on exercise performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the school-age population is 8–10%, with boys having higher prevalence than girls. Children with ADHD have reduced physical fitness characteristics and exercise capacity compared to healthy children. There are conflicting results regarding the effect of treatment on exercise performance in children with ADHD. We determined fitness characteristic in children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treatment (17.5±0.6 years; n=16) compared to age-adjusted ADHD children not receiving treatment (17.2±0.7 years; n=16). There were no significant differences in anthropometric measures between the treated and non-treated participants. There were no significant differences in the 60 seconds sit ups number, number of pull-ups, 4X10m shuttle run times and 2000m running times between the treated and non-treated participants. Standing long-jump results were significantly better among the non-treated ADHD participants (p<0.02). The results suggest that methylphenidate treatment might be disadvantageous for maximal speed and explosive-type activities in ADHD patient. Further studies are needed to clarify if other sports activities which require attention, accuracy, concentration and organization may benefit from such treatment.

Energy Cost of Pull-Ups and Push-Ups as Related to Arm Strength Formulas

Abstract Using 35 students from the required physical education program, a comparison of the validity of the Rogers and McCloy arm strength formulas was made. The energy cost for the pull-ups and push-ups was used as the criterion measure. Findings revealed: (1) energy cost of the activity was not significantly related to bicep girth or total number of pull-ups plus push-ups, and (2) using energy cost as the criterion measure, McCloy's arm strength formula was slightly more discriminating than the Rogers formula for prediction of arm strength. However, because of the low correlations neither of the formulas could be employed to any significant extent as a predictive measure.

Relationship of Strength and Anthropometric Measures to Various Arm Strength Criteria

Abstract This article reports the results of three studies on various strength and anthropometric factors entering dominantly into co-ordinated movements of the arm and shoulder girdle area. Best results were obtained with arm strength formulae based on the number of pull-ups and push-ups performed by the subjects. The factors with highest multiple correlational relationships with these formulae were girth of flexed-tensed upper arm, standing height, and strength of the shoulder inward rotator muscles.