Number Of Prosumers Research Articles

Exploring the Relationship between Solar Panel Adoption and Socio-Economic Factors: A Case Study of Urban Households in Developing Countries

This article will discuss the results of research on how the use of solar panels as an alternative energy source is related to social and economic factors, especially in urban areas in developing countries. This study will analyze factors such as education level, income, and people's perceptions of alternative energy to identify correlations between solar panel use and socio-economic variables. It is hoped that this article can provide new insights for public policy in promoting the use of renewable energy and creating a more inclusive society. This research can be categorized as quantitative. The research method used is the associative research method. The data analysis method used is correlation analysis. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results of the study show that there are different characteristics of the relationship between the use of solar panels and socio-economic variables. Research on the relationship between global solar panel use and factors such as the number of prosumers, total kwh exports, GRDP, total investment, total load, home charging ev, distance to the capital city, air quality, and per capita expenditure has very important uses for stakeholders, especially in terms of sustainable energy development and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Policymakers can use the results of this research to formulate more appropriate policies to promote the use of solar energy and drive the shift to renewable energy sources.

Exploring the Relationship between Solar Panel Adoption and Socio-Economic Factors: A Case Study of Urban Households in Developing Countries

This article will discuss the results of research on how the use of solar panels as an alternative energy source is related to social and economic factors, especially in urban areas in developing countries. This study will analyze factors such as education level, income, and people's perceptions of alternative energy to identify correlations between solar panel use and socio-economic variables. It is hoped that this article can provide new insights for public policy in promoting the use of renewable energy and creating a more inclusive society. This research can be categorized as quantitative. The research method used is the associative research method. The data analysis method used is correlation analysis. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results of the study show that there are different characteristics of the relationship between the use of solar panels and socio-economic variables. Research on the relationship between global solar panel use and factors such as the number of prosumers, total kwh exports, GRDP, total investment, total load, home charging ev, distance to the capital city, air quality, and per capita expenditure has very important uses for stakeholders, especially in terms of sustainable energy development and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Policymakers can use the results of this research to formulate more appropriate policies to promote the use of solar energy and drive the shift to renewable energy sources.

Blockchain for the Energy Transition

The massive impact of the wind and PhotoVoltaic (PV) power on the power systems require new approach and strategies, because of their unpredictability. This large expansion has been due to the feed-in tariffs, financial support and a concentration of R&D activities. Moreover, the distributed energy sources require a pervasive and complex management of the energy exchanges. Until now, the management has been usually based on a central authority, but new paradigms based on the BlockChain (BC) technology are very promising. This approach can also be useful to manage the peak power as well as the Demand-Response (DR) strategies. The paper presents this challenging tool for the current energy transition, highlighting the intrinsic features of the blockchain technology and the opportunities for the future energy systems, e.g. the execution of smart contracts in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. This approach will become increasingly useful to manage the energy exchanges in new contexts, where the number of prosumers and active users is growing. The paper also proposes an application of the BC to manage the peak demand, using the energy injected into the grid by the electric vehicles.

The socio-economic impact of renewable electricity generation with prosumer activity

In order to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement, a rapid and far-reaching phase-out of fossil fuels is required. Against this background, Austria aims to cover 100% of its electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030. To meet this target in a standard scenario of final electricity demand, renewable electricity generation needs to be expanded by 27 TWh compared to 2019 (11 TWh PV, 10 TWh wind power, 5 TWh hydropower, and 1 TWh biomass). With respect to the ambitious expansion target for PV, the contribution of households, i.e., prosumers, will be of crucial importance.Depending on their background (most notably, type of building, income), the ability of different household groups to participate in the electricity market as prosumers—and hence, the possible distributive impacts of the electricity transformation—will vary substantially. Prosumers reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid and can thereby realize cost savings, increasing their consumption opportunities for other (non-energy) goods.This paper investigates the economic and distributive impact of increasing household PV electricity generation in Austria until 2030. For this purpose, the household module of the macroeconomic model DYNK is expanded, differentiating the degree to which households engage in “prosumer” activities. A set of PV support policy scenarios is then defined to simulate the increase in the number of prosumers as well as the distributive impacts on the different household types and the macroeconomic impacts with the expanded model. The simulation results show a small but positive effect of increased investment in residential photovoltaic systems on the GDP. With respect to the distributive effects, the design of the support scheme is essential. Targeting support for low-income households also has positive impacts on GDP growth.

The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems

Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the power system in the normal operational state. On the prosumer level, distributed HEMS optimise the internal power flows by setpoint specification of batteries, photovoltaic generators, or flexible loads. The vision of the ODiS (Organic Distribution System) initiative is to develop an architecture to operate a distribution grid reliably, with high resiliency, and fully autonomously by developing “organic” HEMS and DMS which possess multiple self-x capabilities, collectively referred to as self-management. Thus, ODiS seeks answers to the following question: How can we create the most appropriate models, techniques, and algorithms to develop novel kinds of self-configuring, self-organising, self-healing, and self-optimising DMS that are integrally coupled with the distributed HEMS? In this concept paper, the vision of ODiS is presented in detail based on a thorough review of the state of the art.

Stabilizing peer-to-peer energy trading in prosumer coalition through computational efficient pricing

Load balancing issues in distribution networks have emerged alongside the large-scale deployment of distributed renewable generation sources. In light of this challenge, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading constitutes a promising approach for delivering secure and economic supply-demand balance when faced with variable load and intermittent renewable generation through matching energy demand and supply locally. However, state-of-the-art mechanisms for governing P2P energy trading either fail to suitably incentivize prosumers to participate in P2P trading or suffer severely from the curse of dimensionality with their computational complexity increase exponentially with the number of prosumers. In this paper, a P2P energy trading mechanism based on cooperative game theory is proposed to establish a grand energy coalition of prosumers and a computationally efficient pricing algorithm is developed to suitably incentivize prosumers for their sustainable participation in the grand coalition. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by comparing it to state-of-the-art mechanisms through numerous case studies in a real-world scenario. The superior computational performance of the proposed algorithm is also validated.

Energy Peer-to-Peer Trading in Virtual Microgrids in Smart Grids: A Game-Theoretic Approach

Traditionally, energy consumers pay non-commodity charges (e.g., transmission, environmental and network costs) as a major component of their energy bills. With the distributed energy generation, enabling energy consumption close to producers can minimize such costs. The physically constrained energy prosumers in power networks can be logically grouped into virtual microgrids (VMGs) using telecommunication systems. Prosumer benefits can be optimised by modelling the energy trading interactions among producers and consumers in a VMG as a Stackelberg game in which producers lead and consumers follow. Considering renewable (RES) and non-renewable energy (nRES) resources, and given that RES are unpredictable thus unschedulable, we also describe cost and utility models that include load uncertainty demands of producers. The results show that under Stackelberg equilibrium (SE), the costs incurred by a consumer for procuring either the RES or nRES are significantly reduced while the derived utility by producer is maximized. We further show that when the number of prosumers in the VMG increases, the CO2 emission cost and consequently the energy cost are minimized at the SE. Lastly, we evaluate the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading scenario involving noncooperative energy prosumers with and without Stackelberg game. The results show that the P2P energy prosumers attain 47% higher benefits with Stackelberg game.

A novel universal equivalent applicable to community energy markets

With the popularization of distributed energy systems among end users, the number of prosumers is increasing, and more agents now have the ability to produce energy commodities for themselves to consume or sell. The community energy market (CEM), which comprises local inhabitants and energy-related organizations, is shaped by the energy trade among different stakeholders within the community. In this case, a credible measure of value to judge the different types of energy is necessary to analyse the performance of the energy conversion system and determine the price of energy commodities. In this discussion, a typical multi-energy system in a CEM is proposed as a targeted case, and physical products, energy, exergy, emergy, and currency serving as universal equivalents are compared and discussed in a case study. The results show that the superiority of low-grade heat energy in the design of the energy system of prosumers and in terms of market value is clear. The feasibility of hot/chilled water, which is selected as a universal equivalent for multi-energy system design and energy merchandise trade in the CEM, is emphasized. This research discusses the feasibility of low-grade heat energy as a universal equivalent in a CEM based on house heating and cooling, which is a preliminary exploration for a proper universal equivalent in CEMs.

On framework development for the dynamic prosumer coalition in a smart grid and its evaluation by analytic tools

Managing prosumers participation in energy trading becomes complicated, as the number of prosumers in smart grid is expected to rise. In this situation, it is safe to group active prosumers into groups or coalitions. By utilising analytical tools, like game theory, the method for grouping or coalition formation of prosumers can be carefully studied. After analysing prosumers behaviour in energy profile, we propose a novel dynamic, decentralised prosumer coalition formation method based on game theory that can satisfy utility grid demands. A conceptual framework is developed for coalition formation and energy management among prosumers in a dynamic environment. This approach has the potential to increase the size and number of coalitions without a central controller to better manage renewable energy usage and trading with energy buyers. We validate the performance of adopting a game theoretic approach, assessing the strategy using open and shared data sources.

Game theory based bidding strategy for prosumers in a distribution system with a retail electricity market

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are deployed vastly to reduce carbon emission, improve power quality and maintain the reliability of distribution systems. With the introduction of new players, such as prosumers, which are constructed with DERs, distribution system operators (DSOs) are facing changes in the retail electricity market. Prosumers need a well-defined strategic bidding mechanism to maximize their operation revenue, while DSOs need a new market clearing mechanism for the changed retail electricity market. Thus, an innovative game-theoretic market framework for a prosumer-centric retail electricity market is proposed. A bilevel algorithm is adopted to model new features of DSOs, utility companies and prosumers. The supply function equilibrium model, Nikaido–Isoda functions, and relaxation algorithms are applied to analyse the competition among key participants in a retail electricity market. Extensive simulation results are employed to illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for bidding strategies of prosumers with a retail electricity market. Specifically, the strategy with dumping-bid or abnormal-bid from a prosumer is suppressed by the market operator in the model. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed framework can handle various numbers of prosumers in the retail electricity market with reasonable computational time and convergence rate.

Prosumption and the distribution and supply of electricity

Increasing numbers of households install renewable energy production systems like photovoltaic panels thereby contributing to a more sustainable energy system. Other developments, like in-home storage or peer-to-peer exchange within a neighbourhood, also contribute to the transition. This paper explores the emerging rise of these prosumers of electricity and its implications, in particular for grid management and electricity supply in the Netherlands. With the help of an agent-based model, we illustrate the evolution of prosumption in a small Dutch-oriented residential community in five scenarios. The second part of the paper discusses the implications of the modelled rise in prosumption. Depending on the number of prosumers, combined with storage and peer-to-peer supply, we found a share of prosumption in this local community of about 28–30 %. The community will require less electricity from the central power plants. These model results also indicate that the management of the local network will become more important if more households become prosumers in combination with storage and peer-to-peer supply. These trends affect current business models of DSOs and electricity production and supply companies. The latter are facing a loss of turnover which needs to be compensated by developing alternative business models. And, DSOs have to deal with the new needs on the local grid which also require an adaptation of their business models. Developing business models in cooperation with local energy communities could be an attractive alternative to explore.

Multi-Party Energy Management for Clusters of Roof Leased PV Prosumers: A Game Theoretical Approach

The roof-leased business mode is an important development method for the distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this paper, the benefits of the PV energy are considered in a PV cluster (PVC) consisting of a certain number of prosumers and a PVC operator (PVCO). In order to distribute the benefits, a multi-party energy management method for the PVC is proposed, including an internal pricing model and a demand response (DR) model. First, the dynamic internal pricing model for the trading between PVCO and prosumers is formulated according to the economic principle of demand and supply relation. Moreover, in order to improve the local consumption of PV energy, the DR model is formulated as a non-cooperative game among the prosumers. Meanwhile, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) are proved, and a distributed solving algorithm is introduced to approach the NE solution. Finally, the PVC including four prosumers is selected as the study object, the results have shown that the internal pricing model and DR model can improve the benefit of both prosumers and PVCO, as well as the local consumption of PV energy.