Number Of Potential Drug Interactions Research Articles

Research on Potential Adverse Drug Reaction Forecasting Based on SAO Semantic Structure

With advances in medicine and biotechnology, the variety of available drugs has become more and more abundant. However, along with these innovations come complex adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as well. Extensive clinical trials are one of the best ways to reduce the incidence of drug reactions, but as the number of potential drug interactions grows, trials are becoming enormously time-consuming and costly. Hence, we set out to develop an alternative that could widely identify potential ADRs. Our solution is a “drug-ADR” network built from semantic subject-action-object structures, combined with complex network analysis and link prediction methods to reveal likely adverse reactions. Some similarity calculating methods also be used to improve our prediction accuracy. Evaluations of the results against the medical literature show that the predictions produced can be used as a weather vane for clinical trials, helping to save R&D time and capital costs. In addition, the framework can be used to provide useful guidance for discovering new drug indications or to inform the development of new drugs.

Proton Pompası İnhibitörleri ile Potansiyel İlaç Etkileşimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most prescribed gastrointestinal system medications and are often prescribed together with other medications. This may lead to drug interactions. In our study, it was aimed to determine the possible interactions of PPIs. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. A prescription review was conducted in a community pharmacy in İstanbul and potential drug interactions were evaluated using the Medscape and Lexicomp databases. Results: A total of 114 prescriptions were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 55.1±14.8 years, and the mean duration of PPIs use was 5 months. It was determined that the one who prescribed PPIs the most was the family physician and it was prescribed most frequently with the indication of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The total number of interactions in the prescriptions was determined as 248 in the Medscape database and 295 in the Lexicomp database (p<0.05). Pantoprazole was found to be the most interacting PPIs in both databases. Levothyroxine was found to be the drug that interacted most with PPIs in both databases. Age and duration of PPIs use were found to be positively significantly correlated (p<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, the number of potential drug interactions in prescriptions containing PPIs was found to be high. We think that the possible interactions and duration of use of drugs used due to comorbid diseases should be considered in prescriptions containing PPIs.

Analysis of Drug Accuracy, Dosage and Drug Interactions in Comorbid Hypertension COVID-19 Patients at Hospital X in Central Java Period 2021

Treatment of COVID-19 comorbid hypertension involves many drugs with therapeutic risk of non-guidelines and potential drug interactions. Study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics, clinical degree, accuracy of drugs and doses and potential drug interactions. Study design was cross-sectional through retrospective data collection. Samples that meet the criteria obtained 70 samples. The results were 51.4% female sample, the highest age was 46-59 y.o (48.6%), the most degree of COVID-19 was moderate (61.4%), the highest degree of hypertension was grade 1 (48.6%) and the longest length of stay was &gt;14 days (51.4%). The accuracy of COVID-19 therapy were 78.6% accurate drug, 21.4% inaccurate drug, and 100% accurate dose. The accuracy of antihypertensive were 82.9% accurate drug, 17.1% inaccurate drug, 95.7% accurate dose and 4.3% inaccurate dose. Samples with potential drug interactions were 97.1%, the highest number of potential drug interactions was 1-5 events (52.9%), based on severity 60.2% moderate, 20.1% minor, 13.2% major, and 6.5% unknown. Correlation test results sig. (p-value) 0.237. The conclusion showed that most samples were female, aged 46-59, moderate-grade COVID-19 patients with grade 1 hypertension, and length of stay &gt;14 days. There is accuracy or inaccuracy of drugs and doses, potential drug interactions and there is no relationship between length of stay and potential drug interactions.

Effectiveness and potential drug interactions in antiviral therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: real-life data from a specialized center in southern Brazil

Direct-acting antivirals used in the treatment of hepatitis C have demonstrated high rates of efficacy, are well tolerated and considered safe. However, they are not free of drug interactions. To describe the effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment and the incidence and severity of potential drug interactions between drugs used during this treatment. A cross-sectional study with 148 patients who began treatment for hepatitis C between April and June 2016 in a specialized center in Brazil. Drug interactions were identified in the Truven Health Analytic/DynaMed Plus and Hep-C Interactions databases. Regarding treatment outcome, 93.9% of patients achieved SVR, 2.7% relapsed and 3.4% did not return after the end of the follow-up period. A total of 328 chronic diseases were identified (71 different diseases), and 88.5% of the patients had at least one chronic disease. The patients reported the use of 474 drugs (121 different drugs), with 3.2 drugs per patient on average. We identified 265 potential drug interactions, classified as important (6.0%), with clinical significance (20.7%) and without clinical significance or with insufficient data (69.4%). Cirrhotic patients had a higher average number of potential drug interactions than non-cirrhotic patients (2.51 x 0.79, p = 0.000). Hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals are effective and safe for most of patients.

Kajian Potensi Interaksi Obat pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Rawat Jalan RS “X” Kota Cirebon

Drug interactions are one of part of Drug Related Problem (DRP) which significantly affect the development patient health. This study aims to determine the characteristics of kidney failure patients (age and genitals), an overview of the number of potential drug interactions, an overview of the types and amounts of other drugs interacting, and the severity of drug interactions in kidney failure patients in the Outpatient of “X” Hospital Cirebon City. This study involves 126 patient prescriptions. This type of research is a non-experimental research with descriptive analysis method, and using data collection methods with prospective random sampling technique in the Outpatient of RS “X” Cirebon. The results of the research from 126 samples obtained showed that the characteristics of Kidney Failure patients were predominantly male as many as 64 people (50.79%), the most age was in the age range 61-70 years as many as 38 people (30.16%). drug interactions 78 sheets of prescriptions (61.9%), the most severity of drug interactions was the strict / significant monitoring of 128 events (64.65%), the average of drug interactions per prescription sheet was 3 interactions, the type and number of the most interacting drug was furosemide + folic acid with 32 potential interactions (41.02%).

Polimedicação em usuários de varfarina sódica do Sistema Único de Saúde e variáveis associadas

Objetivo: Verificar o uso da polimedicação em usuários de varfarina e sua associação com variáveis clínicas. Métodos: estudo transversal, com usuários de varfarina, de ambos os sexos. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado questionário estruturado, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, sobre dados socioeconômicos, clínicos e aspectos relacionados à farmacoterapia (reações adversas, interações medicamentosas, índices de pressão arterial sistêmica, valores de glicemia de jejum, prática de automedicação, sobrepeso, episódios de sangramento e de tromboembolismo). Resultados: a média de idade dos participantes foi de 69,1 ± 13,6 anos, maioria do sexo feminino (64,6%), casado (43,8%), e de etnia branca (85,4%). Quanto a escolaridade, 41,7% cursaram ensino fundamental incompleto. Os pacientes polimedicados totalizaram 89,6%, e os pacientes em uso de dez ou mais medicamentos, 31,3%. A média de medicamentos foi 8,2 ± 3,5 fármacos/paciente. Ocorreu associação entre polimedicação, ocorrência de reações adversas (94,7% vs 5,3%; p = 0,042) e o número de potenciais interações medicamentosas, totais (8,9 ± 5,0 vs 1,2 ± 1,6; p = 0,001) e graves (3,1 ± 2,4 vs 0,4 ± 0,6; p = 0,017). As demais variáveis estudadas não foram associadas com a polimedicação. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram interferência negativa da polimedicação na ocorrência de reações adversas, e nas potenciais interações medicamentosas totais e graves. Há necessidade de conhecer o impacto destas variáveis no paciente anticoagulado polimedicado para o planejamento de estratégias de redução de riscos e para a otimização dos benefícios.

Prospective evaluation of drug-drug interactions in ambulatory cancer patients initiated on prophylactic anticoagulation.

Drug options for VTE prophylaxis are increasing for ambulatory cancer patients and data regarding anticoagulant-drug interactions and their relationship to VTE and bleeding are needed to improve care. Over one year, 108 cancer patients with high VTE risk were prospectively identified. Potential anticoagulant-drug interactions were ascertained by chart review and graded on need for intervention. Providers selected anticoagulant prophylaxis based on potential drug interactions and patient-provider discussion. A cross-sectional analysis was performed thereafter to evaluate VTE and bleeding endpoints within one year of anticoagulant initiation. The average number of potential drug interactions per patient was higher for warfarin than others (3.04 vs. 1.28 (apixaban), 1.02 (rivaroxaban), and 0.98 (LMWH)). The severity of the interactions based on grade was, for apixaban: 1.6% grade X, 50.8% grade D, and 47.5% grade C; for rivaroxaban: 2.1% grade X, 64.9% grade D, 33.0% grade C; for LMWH, 0% grade X, 66.7% grade D, 33.3% grade C; and for warfarin, 0% grade X, 29.4% grade D, 70.6% grade C. At the end of the investigational period, 11 bleeds and 7 VTEs were reported. Drug combinations significantly associated with an increased bleeding risk were crizotinib with apixaban or rivaroxaban and PPIs with warfarin. The use of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with warfarin was associated with an increased VTE risk. DOACs had fewer DDIs than warfarin, although interaction severity differed between anticoagulants. Some anticoagulant-drug interactions were associated with bleeding or VTE. Although not powered for analysis, DDI severity did not affect bleeding rates and inversely correlated with VTE risk.

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS

Objective: This research was instigated to determine and assess the prevalence, severity, type, and the total number of potential drug interactions in the neurology department of two hospitals in India.&#x0D; Methods: The data were collected from the prescriptions and by patient history interview on a daily basis. The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were identified using Micromedex® database-2.7 and drugs.com.&#x0D; Results: The drug interactions were influenced by a plethora of risk factors: Gender, age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the neurological condition. The study was comprised 320 patients, among 196 patients were identified with potential DDIs (PDDIs), and a total of 450 PDDIs were observed. The prevalence of PDDIs according to the severity was major (42.6%), moderate (45.11%), and minor (12.22%).&#x0D; Conclusion: To lessen PDDIs, the range of medications for the patients must be properly managed, and it is encouraged to remove all medicines without therapeutic advantage, intention, and an indication.

Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Medications Prescribed to Geriatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background and Objectives The drugs most commonly implicated in major potential interactions are those used in the day-to-day clinical management of elderly patients with chronic diseases. This study is planned to evaluate the profile of drug-drug interactions in the medications prescribed to elderly population and also to identify the possible predictors for potential drug-drug interactions in the elderly. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients aged above 60 years with a minimum of two drugs in the prescriptions. Data were collected from medical prescriptions and patients' medical records. The data collected included demographic characteristics such as age, gender, height, weight, educational status, socioeconomic status, medical history, and medications prescribed. The prescriptions were analyzed for the potential drug interactions using Lexi-Interact™ Online, an online software to check drug-drug interactions. Results A total of 209 patients were included in the study, among them 104 (49.8%) were males and 105 (50.2%) were females. The mean number of medications received was 6.53 ± 2.15 per prescription. Around 138 (66%) patients received more than six medications. The mean number of potential drug interactions seen in the prescription of these patients was 3.17 ± 2.78. Around 18.2% patients had more than five drug interactions. Major drug interactions were observed in 21.42% of cases. Around 3.02% of drug interactions belonged to risk category X, i.e., to be avoided. Logistic regression analysis showed that age above 70 years was associated with the presence of drug interactions. Increased number of medication was independently associated with the occurrence of drug interactions. The presence of drug interactions was not associated with increased number of comorbidities. Conclusion A significant number of potential drug-drug interactions were seen in the prescriptions of elderly patients. Increasing age and polypharmacy were identified as the predictors of potential drug interactions.

Potenciais interações entre medicamentos usados na síndrome metabólica

AIMS: To identify the drugs indicated for the control of chronic noncommunicable diseases that constitute the metabolic syndrome, included in the National List of Essential Medicines, and the potential positive and negative drug interactions between them, classifying them according to severity. METHODS: The drugs used for the control of chronic noncommunicable diseases through Brazilian Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome, as well as specific guidelines for each disease that constitute metabolic syndrome were identified. Among these, we selected those listed in the National List of Essential Medicines. In the second part of the study, through a literature search, the potential drug interactions were identified, and were classified as positive or negative and according to their severity. RESULTS: Nineteen drugs were identified in the National List of Essential Medicines, each of which had at least one potential drug interaction, totaling 89 potential interactions. Among these, 20.22% were classified as positive, these being mainly represented by the association of antihypertensive drugs; and 79.78% were considered negative, of which 14.09% had great severity. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of metabolic syndrome is complex because it requires the combination of several drugs, which increases the risk of drug interactions and adverse effects. This study identified a number of potential drug interactions between these drugs, which can reduce or enhance their effectiveness and expose the patient to risks.

Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug and Drug-Food Interactions

Drug interactions arise when the effects of a drug are altered by the co-administration of another drug or food substance. Many factors determine the clinical response seen, including specific drug characteristics, patient age, gender and co-morbidities. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug all impact upon drug availability at its sites of action and alterations in these processes can result in adverse outcomes. Similarly, the effect of a drug may be altered if co-prescribed with another drug or food substance that acts on the same receptor or physiological system. In recent years, there is a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions, including phase I metabolic reactions (involving the family of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes) and the important role played by drug transporter proteins including P-glycoprotein (expressed in many tissues) and organic anion transporters. There is also a growing awareness of the impact that pharmacogenomics has on drug interaction potential, resulting in interindividual variations in drug transport, metabolism and elimination. The number of potential drug interactions is extensive, but the lower incidence seen in clinical practice implies that many of these potential interactions are not clinically relevant. However, with an ageing population, an increasing number of new drugs, more polypharmacy and the growing use of herbal remedies and over-the-counter preparations, the potential for drug interactions is rising and increasing efforts are needed to avoid them. A good knowledge of the mechanisms underlying drug interactions and the promotion of rational and safe prescribing amongst prescribers are essential in predicting (and therefore preventing) drug interactions in clinical practice. A comprehensive evaluation of drug interaction potential is now an integral part of risk assessment during early drug development, and regulatory bodies including the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency have published guidance documents that outline the importance of in vitro and (where appropriate) in vivo studies to predict interactions during drug development. This article discusses the main mechanisms involved in clinically relevant drug-drug and drug-food interactions and outlines some of the studies used to predict them during drug development. Safe prescribing is discussed along with the central role played by regulatory bodies in supporting drug development and postmarketing pharmacovigilance.

ANALISIS INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI GERIATRI YANG MENJALANI RAWAT JALAN DI RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA AGUSTUS 2009-AGUSTUS 2010

Increasing age can cause a variety of degenerative disease, one of which is hypertension. One issue is the treatment of geriatric polypharmacy the drug interactions may pose clinical problems that require a careful monitoring and action, for example the use of antihypertensives. This study aims to determine the picture of drug use and the relationship between the number of medication and comorbidities with potential drug interactions. This study is an observational analytic study using cross sectional study design. Data is retrospectively collected by using affordable population that meet the criteria. The determination of the relationship between the amount of active drug substance and the number of comorbidities, with the potential for drug interactions are analyzed using a linear regression. The results show that the most widely prescribed antihypertension research is in the singular (35.47%) of amlodipine (46.37%), about 51.27%) of the recipes contain a potential for drug interaction, with the potential drug inter actions at the level of the most significant (45.78%). The results of linear regression analysis showing the relationship between the amount of active drug sub stances and the number of potential drug interactions can be denoted by the equation y = 0.386 x- 0.385, but the relationship is very weak because of the pearson correlation (r) 0.491. The relationship between the number of comorbiditie and potential drug interactions can be denoted by the equation y = 0.416 x + 0.806, but the relationship is very weak because of the pearson correlation (r) 0.06. Key words: drug interaction, hypertension, geriatric, outpatient, PKU Muhammadiyah Â

Drug interactions in cancer patients receiving antidepressants are common, researchers report.

Drug interactions in cancer patients receiving antidepressants are common, researchers report.

In-hospital prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of more than 100,000 patients

In-hospital prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of more than 100,000 patients

Assessing the clinical significance of drug interactions with fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

In the past decades, the number of potential drug interactions with cytotoxic drugs has increased remarkably. This is due, in part, to the increased prescribing of combination cytotoxic drug therapy and the use of concomitant medications. The latter especially applies to elderly patients with cancer

Potential Drug Interactions— Fact or Fallacy?

At present, the pharmacist is faced with a perplexing number of potential drug interactions as they relate to patient care. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate current drug-drug interaction literature, specifically gastrointestinal drug interactions. Literature search and review evaluated the authoritative basis on which conclusions were made. From this, a review was written to illustrate fallacies and misconceptions that could be derived from the literature with the intent it would serve as a guide in interpreting and evaluating drug-drug interactions. The overall study illustrates the vast need for careful evaluation of drug interaction literature before erroneous recommendations are made on conceivably inconclusive clinical studies.