Number Of Potential Conflicts Research Articles

Studying the Simultaneous Effect of Autonomous Vehicles and Distracted Driving on Safety at Unsignalized Intersections

Human error is one of the leading causes of accidents. Distraction, fatigue, poor visibility, speeding, and other such errors made by drivers can cause accidents. With the rapid advancements in automation technologies, transportation planners have strived to use Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to minimize human error. In this study, the effect of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on the number of potential conflicts at two unsignalized intersections is investigated by using a microsimulation model in PTV Vissim software. For human-driven cars, the factor that is considered for calibration is driver distraction mainly caused by reading or writing text messages on a cellphone while driving. This factor can be estimated using driving simulators. In this paper, five different scenarios were defined for simulation, in addition to the primary state, according to the different market penetration rates of AVs in Vissim. Safety assessment was performed by the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) using Time to Collision (TTC) and Deceleration Rate to Avoid Crashes (DRAC) indicators to determine the number of accidents. It was concluded that the presence of 100% of AVs could reduce the potential for accidents by up to 93%.

GNSS Navigation for Enabling More Efficient and Effective Air Traffic Management

Abstract Area navigation (RNAV) and other appropriate navigation specifications of the ICAO Performance Based Navigation concept represents a significant shift from conventional radio navigation to navigation primarily based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which is poised to become the primary, and potentially only, means of air navigation. Here we demonstrate that using RNAV to define routes in one airspace sector over Croatia can reduce the number of potential conflicts between aircraft and thereby increase flight efficiency. At the same time, this can reduce the costs associated with air traffic management, thereby increasing effectiveness.

Layer-by-layer ordering in parallel finite element composition on shared-memory multiprocessors

In this paper, we present new partitioning algorithms for unstructured meshes that prevent conflicts during parallel assembling of FEM matrices and vectors in shared memory. These algorithms use a ratio which we introduce to determine if any two mesh cells are adjacent. This adjacency ratio defines mesh layers, which are combined into domains and assigned to different parallel processes/threads. The proposed partitioning algorithms are compared with the existing algorithms on quasi-structured and unstructured meshes by the number of potential conflicts and by the load imbalance.

Health promotion policy in Sweden: means and methods in intersectoral action.

In Sweden different commissions have been working on legislation, prevention programmes and financing, and have aimed at implementing the Health For All strategy at national level. National programmes for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, accidental injuries, etc were established by parliamentary resolution in 1985. The role of health education has been extended: from the earlier concern with matters of individual lifestyle the focus has shifted towards motivating the community as a whole to take an active interest in its health. There is good public support in the areas of legislation, knowledge and awareness, international development (WHO), and public policy. Despite the existence of legislation, strong official policy and a good organizational structure, strong efforts are still needed to turn health promotion into general practice. National, regional and local bodies as well as non-governmental and private organizations are showing an increasing interest in health promotion. Health promotion strategies are used in traditional fields such as alcohol and smoking as well as other sectors such as education, employment, culture, social welfare, town and house planning, transport and environmental protection. There has never been such a positive basis for the further development of health promotion policy in Sweden though there are a number of potential conflicts and problems related to knowledge, organization, attitudes, financing, distribution of power, etc. These are outlined broadly as "The organizational trap", "Modification or revolution?" and "Individual or public responsibility for health?".

Conflicts in the assessment and encouragement of mathematical creativity in schoolchildren

In the course of a study of aspects of mathematical creativity in children aged 11‐12 years [1], a number of potential conflicts between behaviours in mathematics which might be labelled creative and other desirable behaviours emerged. Mathematical creativity is considered under two constructs: divergent thinking and the ability to break from mental sets by overcoming fixations in mathematics. These are seen potentially to conflict with such desirable features of children's mathematical learning as accuracy, learning and obeying rules, being systematic and the formation of generalizations. These conflicts raise serious questions for mathematics educators about their aims and values in mathematics teaching.