Number Of Nodules Research Articles

Value of peripheral blood rare cell EGFR gene amplification detection in the evaluation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules

Objective: To explore the value of detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification in peripheral blood rare cells in the assessment of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Methods: A total of 262 patients with pulmonary nodules were selected as the retrospectively study subjects from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University and Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2022 to August 2023. There were 98 males and 164 females, with the age range from 16 to 79 (52.1±12.1) years. The EGFR gene amplification testing was performed on the rare cells enriched from patients' peripheral blood, and the clinical manifestations, CT imaging features, histopathological and/or pathological cytological confirmed results of patients were collected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of the method of detection of EGFR gene amplification in peripheral blood rare cells, and its diagnostic efficacy was evaluated. Results: Among the 262 patients, 143 were malignant pulmonary nodules and 119 were benign pulmonary nodules. The differences between malignant pulmonary nodules and benign pulmonary nodules in nodule diameter and nodule density were statistically significant (both P<0.001), while the differences in age, gender and nodule number were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The number [M (Q1, Q3)] of EGFR gene amplification positive rare cells in patients with malignant pulmonary nodule was 8 (6, 11), which was higher than that in patients with benign pulmonary nodule [2 (1, 4), P<0.001]. The ROC curve results showed that when the optimal cut-off value was 5 (that was, the number of EGFR gene amplification positive rare cells was>5), the area under the curve (AUC) of the detection of EGFR gene amplification in peripheral blood rare cells for discrimination of benign and malignant pulmonary lesions was 0.816 (95%CI: 0.761-0.870), with a sensitivity of 83.2%, a specificity of 80.7%, and an accuracy of 82.1%. Based on the analysis of the diameter of the nodules, the AUC for distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with diameter 5-9 mm and 10-30 mm was 0.797 (95%CI: 0.707-0.887) and 0.809 (95%CI: 0.669-0.949), respectively, with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy reached 75% or above. Based on the analysis of nodule density, the AUC for distinguishing between benign and malignant solid nodule and subsolid nodule was 0.845 (95%CI: 0.751-0.939) and 0.790 (95%CI: 0.701-0.880), respectively, with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy reached 75% or above. Based on the analysis of nodule number, the AUC for distinguishing between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodule and multiple pulmonary nodule was 0.830 (95%CI: 0.696-0.965) and 0.817 (95%CI: 0.758-0.877), respectively, with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy reached 80% or above. Conclusion: The detection of EGFR gene amplification in peripheral blood rare cells contributes to the evaluation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, and can be used in the auxiliary diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Preparation and modification of PVDF membrane via VIPS method for membrane distillation

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology for treating high-salinity mine water. However, MD membranes are known to have low membrane flux and are prone to fouling. In this study, we used the cost-effective and controllable vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) technology to prepare polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, replacing the traditional immersion precipitation method and optimizing the membrane structure by including LiCl and acetone as porogen in the casting solution. The results showed that the membrane prepared using the VIPS method exhibited a highly open interconnected porous surface. Unlike traditional MD membranes with a dense epidermal layer and large finger-like pores, these optimized membranes had a symmetrical and uniform internal structure, leading to a high flux of 8.62 kg·(m2·h)−1 during direct contact membrane distillation testing. Different porogens produced varied results on the VIPS process and varying effects on membrane structure. The use of LiCl promoted the formation of PVDF β-phase, resulting in a decrease in the number of spherical nodules on the membrane surface, as well as improved density and smoothness. Consequently, this reduced fouling risk during membrane distillation while slightly decreasing membrane flux. On the other hand, acetone rapidly evaporated during the VIPS process, facilitating pre-gelatinization and α-phase formation of PVDF. This concurrent effect effectively restricted excessive nodule growth on the membrane surface, endowing the membrane with antifouling capabilities while preserving high flux.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Neem oil and Microalgae in the Management of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria spp.

The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of neem oil and microalgae in controlling leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. in cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.). The research was conducted during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Central Research Field of the Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, using a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to draw conclusions from the data. Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp poses a significant threat to cowpea crops, resulting in yield losses and decreased plant vigor. An in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of microalgae combined with neem oil at 1% on plant growth parameters and Disease Intensity (%). The application of microalgae @540 grams in various splits and neem oil @1% was done. Among all the treatments, T4 (Microalgae 48gms @5 DAS 96gms@15,45 DAS + Neem oil @1% showed promising results. Notably, the T4 treatment significantly increased plant height (84.63 cm) and the number of branches(10.83) at60DAS. Moreover, an increased numberof nodules per plant (21.44) was observed at 75 DAS, indicating improved root health and nitrogen fixation. Additionally, the treatment led to longer pod length (34.44 cm) in three pickings, suggesting enhanced yield potential. Furthermore, the combined application of microalgae and neem oil resulted in a significant reduction in disease intensity, with a notable decrease of 24.47% compared to untreated plants and those treated with chemicals (Bavistin). This indicates that the use of microalgae and neem oil together effectively suppressed leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp. in cowpea, thereby improving plant health and productivity. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential use of eco-friendly alternatives like microalgae and neem oil for managing leaf spot disease in cowpea cultivation. Further research in this area is recommended for sustainable agricultural practices.

Soybean CEP6 Signaling Peptides Positively Regulate Nodulation

Nodulation is the most efficient nitrate assimilation system in the ecosystem, while excessive fertilization has an increased nitrate inhibition effect; deciphering the nitrate signal transduction mechanism in the process is of the utmost importance. In this study, genome-wide analyses of the GmCEP genes were applied to identify nodulation-related CEP genes; 22 GmCEP family members were identified, while GmCEP6 was mainly expressed in nodules and significantly responded to nitrate treatment and rhizobium infection, especially in later stages. Overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9 were used to validate its role in nodulation. We found that GmCEP6 overexpression significantly increased the nodule number, while GmCEP6 knock-out significantly decreased the nodule number, which suggests that GmCEP6 functions as a positive regulator in soybean nodulation. qRT-PCR showed that alterations in the expression of GmCEP6 affected the expression of marker genes in the Nod factor signaling pathway. Lastly, the function of GmCEP6 in nitrate inhibition of nodulation was analyzed; nodule numbers in the GmCEP6-overexpressed roots significantly increased under nitrogen treatments, which suggests that GmCEP6 functions in the resistance to nitrate inhibition. The study helps us understand that GmCEP6 promotes nodulation and participates in the regulation of nitrate inhibition of nodulation, which is of great significance for high efficiency utilization of nitrogen in soybeans.

Biochar boosted high oleic peanut production with enhanced root development and biological N fixation by diazotrophs in a sand-loamy Primisol

Peanut yield and quality face significant threats due to climate change and soil degradation. The potential of biochar technology to address this challenge remains unanswered, though biochar is acknowledged for its capacity to enhance the soil microbial community and plant nitrogen (N) supply. A field study was conducted in 2021 on oil peanuts grown in a sand-loamy Primisol that received organic amendments at 20 Mg ha−1. The treatments consisted of biochar amendments derived from poultry manure (PB), rice husk (RB), and maize residue (MB), as well as manure compost (OM) amendment, compared to no organic amendment (CK). In 2022, during the second year after amendment, samples of bulk topsoil, rooted soil, and plants were collected at the peanut harvest. The analysis included the assessment of soil quality, peanut growth traits, microbial community, nifH gene abundance, and biological N fixation (BNF) rate. Compared to the CK, the OM treatment led to an 8 % increase in peanut kernel yield, but had no effect on kernel quality in terms of oil production. Conversely, both PB and MB treatments increased kernel yield by 10 %, whereas RB treatment showed no change in yield. Moreover, all biochar amendments significantly improved oilseed quality by 10–25 %, notably increasing the proportion of oleic acid by up to 70 %. Similarly, while OM amendment slightly decreased root development, all biochar treatments significantly enhanced root development by over 80 %. Furthermore, nodule number, fresh weight per plant, and the nifH gene abundance in rooted soil remained unchanged under OM and PB treatments but was significantly enhanced under RB and MB treatments compared to CK. Notably, all biochar amendments, excluding OM, increased the BNF rate and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. These changes were attributed to alterations in soil aggregation, moisture retention, and phosphorus availability, which were influenced by the diverse physical and chemical properties of biochars. Overall, maize residue biochar contributed synergistically to enhancing soil fertility, peanut yield, and quality while also promoting increased root development, a shift in the diazotrophic community and BNF.

Influence of Organic Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Summer Greengram (Vigna radiata)

Greengram ( Vigna radiata L. ), commonly called as mungbean is an important pulse crop grown mainly in Zaid and Kharif season in India. Organic farming is one of the sustainable farming practices that can overcome the harmful effects of chemical farming and provides quality production. A field experiment was conducted during Zaid, 2023 to study the “Effects of organic nutrients on growth and yield of summer Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)” at SHUATS Model Organic Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of 3 different solid manures i.e. Farm Yard Manure, Vermicompost, Goat manure and 3 different liquid manures i.e. Fish Amino Acid, Panchagavya and Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) sap. The experimental field soil was sandy loam in texture, moderately basic in reaction (pH 7.8), available medium Organic Carbon (0.662 %) low in available nitrogen (249.5 kg/ha), and very high accessible phosphorus (38.7 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.8 kg/ha). The result showed that significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (42.09 cm), number of nodules (22.22/plant), dry weight (19.35g/plant) and yield attributes such as effective pod/plant (11.05), seed/pod (9.68), test weight (38.41 g), seed yield (1643.54 kg/ha) and stover yield (3023.55 kg/ha) were observed with application 5 t/ha FYM and foliar spray of 7.5 % K sap (T9). Highest net return (Rs. 100383.30/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.84) was also recorded in the same treatment. This concludes that application of 5 t/ha FYM along with foliar spray of 7.5 % K sap at 15 and 30 DAS performed better in terms of yield and economic returns.

Mitigating microplastic stress on peanuts: The role of biochar-based synthetic community in the preservation of soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity

Tire-derived rubber crumbs (RC), as a new type of microplastics (MPs), harms both the environment and human health. Excessive use of plastic, the decomposition of which generates microplastic particles, in current agricultural practices poses a significant threat to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, worldwide food security and human health. In this study, the application of biochar, a carbon-rich material, to soil was explored, especially in the evaluation of synthetic biochar-based community (SynCom) to alleviate RC-MP-induced stress on plant growth and soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities in peanuts. The results revealed that RC-MPs significantly reduced peanut shoot dry weight, root vigor, nodule quantity, plant enzyme activity, soil urease and dehydrogenase activity, as well as soil available potassium, and bacterial abundance. Moreover, the study led to the identification highly effective plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the peanut rhizosphere, which were then integrated into a SynCom and immobilized within biochar. Application of biochar-based SynCom in RC-MPs contaminated soil significantly increased peanut biomass, root vigor, nodule number, and antioxidant enzyme activity, alongside enhancing soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere bacterial abundance. Interestingly, under high-dose RC-MPs treatment, the relative abundance of rhizosphere bacteria decreased significantly, but their diversity increased significantly and exhibited distinct clustering phenomenon. In summary, the investigated biochar-based SynCom proved to be a potential soil amendment to mitigate the deleterious effects of RC-MPs on peanuts and preserve soil microbial functionality. This presents a promising solution to the challenges posed by contaminated soil, offering new avenues for remediation.

PAD4 Inhibitor-Functionalized Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Synergistic Sonodynamic Therapy/Immunotherapy Of Tumor Metastasis.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is demonstrated to trigger the systemic immune response of the organism and facilitate the treatment of metastatic tumors. However, SDT-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation can promote tumor cell spread, thus weakening the therapeutic effectiveness of metastatic tumors. Herein, the amorphous CoW-layered double hydroxide (a-CoW-LDH) nanosheets are functionalized with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, i.e., YW3-56, to construct a multifunctional nanoagent (a-LDH@356) for synergistic SDT/immunotherapy. Specifically, a-CoW-LDH nanosheets can act as a sonosensitizer to generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under US irradiation. After loading with YW3-56, a-LDH@356 plus US irradiation not only effectively induces ROS generation and immunogenic cell death, but also inhibits the elevation of citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit) and the release of NETs, enabling a synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor metastasis effect. Using 4T1 tumor model, it is demonstrated that combining a-CoW-LDH with YW3-56 stimulates an anti-tumor response by upregulating the proportion of immune-activated cells and inducing polarization of M1 macrophages, and inhibits immune escape by downregulating the expression of PD-1 on immune cells under US irradiation, which not only arrests primary tumor progression with a tumor inhibition rate of 69.5% but also prevents tumor metastasis with the least number of lung metastatic nodules.

Glycyrrhizic acid attenuates the malignant biological properties of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has effects on anti-hepatic fibrosis, anti-tumor and prevention from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Yet, the capacity of GA to ameliorate the advance of HCC pertinent to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be clarified. We used the CCK-8 method to detect the optimal treatment concentration and time for L-02 cells, palmitic acid (PA)-induced L-02 cells and HepG2 cells, and selected 40 μM and 48 h to treat PA-induced L-02 cells and 60 μM for 24 h to treat HepG2 cells. Moreover, functional associations of HepG2 cells were elucidated through various assays. The results showed that GA demonstrated enhances lipid deposition and alleviates the inflammatory response in L-02 cells induced by palmitic acid. Simultaneously, we found that GA inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In pursuit of constructing of HCC model rats, a combination of high-fat diets and diethylnitrosamine was utilized. The results showed that GA significantly decreased the liver index, body weight, liver weight, and the number of nodules in HCC model rats. Moreover, GA mitigated infiltration and heightened apoptosis in these rats. Mechanistically, GA notably attenuated the KKβ/NF-κB pathway in both HepG2 cells and the HCC model rats. In conclusion, GA functions as an inhibitor in the progression of NAFLD-related HCC cells, which might be relevant to the KKβ/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, GA is a potential drug for NAFLD-related HCC treatment.

GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 activate nitrate-induced CLE peptides NIC1a/b to mediate nitrate-regulated root nodulation.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energy-intensive process, to maintain the balance between growth and nitrogen fixation, high concentrations of nitrate inhibit root nodulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying the nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybean remains elusive. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 unveiled a notable nitrate-tolerant nodulation phenotype. GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a play a significant role in the nitrate-triggered inhibition of nodulation, as the expression of nitrate-responsive genes was largely suppressed in Gmnlp1b and Gmnlp4a mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a can bind to the promoters of GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b and activate their expression. Manipulations targeting GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b through knockdown or overexpression strategies resulted in either increased or decreased nodule number in response to nitrate. Additionally, transgenic roots that constitutively express GmNIC1a or GmNIC1b rely on both NARK and hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase RDN1 to prevent the inhibitory effects imposed by nitrate on nodulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of the GmNLP1/4-GmNIC1a/b module in mediating high nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation.

Clinical application of serum seven tumour-associated autoantibodies in patients with pulmonary nodules

BackgroundThe incidence of pulmonary nodules is increasing because of the promotion and popularisation of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for populations with suspected lung cancer. However, a high rate of false positives and concerns regarding the radiation-related cancer risk of repeated CT scanning remain major obstacles to its wide application. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of seven tumour-associated autoantibodies (7-TAAbs) in the differentiation of malignant pulmonary tumours from benign ones and the early detection of lung cancer in routine clinical practice. MethodsWe included 377 patients who underwent both the 7-TAAbs panel test and LDCT screening, and were diagnosed with pulmonary nodules using LDCT. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels antibodies for P53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, CAGE, and MAGE-A1. The relationships between the positive rates of the 7-TAAbs and the patient sex, and age, and the number, size, and composition of pulmonary nodules were analysed. We then statistically evaluated the clinical application value. ResultsThe positive rates of the 7-TAAbs did not correlate with sex, age, number, size, or composition of pulmonary nodules. The serum antibody level of GBU4-5 in patients with pulmonary nodules tended to increase with age; the serum antibody level of SOX2 tended to increase with nodule size and was the highest among patients with mixed ground-glass opacity (mGGO) nodules. The antibody positive rate for CAGE in female patients with pulmonary nodules was significantly higher than that in male patients (P<0.05). The positive rate of GBU4-5 antibody in patients aged 60 years and above was higher than that in younger patients (P<0.05). The positive rate of GAGE7 antibody in patients with pulmonary nodules sized 8–20 mm was also significantly higher than that in patients with pulmonary nodules sized less than 8 mm (P<0.01). Significant differences were observed in the GAGE7 antibody levels of patients with pulmonary nodules of different compositions (P<0.01). The positive rate of the 7-TAAbs panel test in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than in patients with pulmonary nodules (P<0.01). Serum levels of P53, SOX2, GBU4-5, and MAGE-A1 antibodies were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than in those with pulmonary nodules (P<0.05). ConclusionThe low positive rates of serum 7-TAAbs in patients with lung cancer and pulmonary nodules may be related to different case selection, population differences, geographical differences, different degrees of progression, and detection methods. The combined detection of 7-TAAbs has some clinical value for screening and early detection of lung cancer.

Maize/Peanut Intercropping Affects Legume Nodulation in Semi-Arid Conditions

Maize/peanut intercropping is practiced widely to increase land productivity and considered a sustainable way for using and saving resources through peanut’s complementary N source via biological N2 fixation. Our study aims to understand how maize/peanut intercropping affects the nodulation of peanuts under water-limiting conditions and different nitrogen inputs. A two-year micro-plot experiment in 2015–2016 and a two-year field experiment in 2017–2018 were conducted to quantify nodulation in maize/peanut intercropping and sole peanut cropping under four N fertilization rates (N-free, low, medium, and high N) in rain-fed water-limited conditions. In the micro-plot experiment, intercropped peanuts increased nodule biomass compared to sole peanuts. The nodule number of intercropped peanuts was 51.6% (p = 0.001) higher than that of sole cropped peanuts, while nodule weights did not differ at high N fertilization rates and were lower in the no-N fertilization control. However, the results were different in the field experiment. Both the nodule number and single weight of the sole cropped peanut were 48.7% (p = 0.020) and 58.9% (p = 0.014) higher than that of the intercropped peanut. The ratio of the nodule weight to aboveground dry matter at the beginning peg in the dry year of 2017 was lower in intercropping than sole cropping, especially at low N fertilization rates. The potential increase in nodulation found in a well-controlled micro-plot environment might be limited by strong water and light competitions in field conditions. The results could contribute to the understanding of interspecific interactions in cereal/legume intercropping.

Transplantace jater pro hepatocelulární karcinom

Summary: The number of liver transplants for the indication of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing. We consider the so-called Milan criteria, based on the number and size of the tumour, to be the basic indication framework. However, the original criteria are too restrictive – they prevent access to transplantation for a number of patients who would otherwise be suitable candidates for transplantation. There is therefore an effort to somehow expand these criteria. Decision-making is also burdened by a possible error in imaging – our knowledge of the dimensions and number of nodules is not accurate before transplantation. Later, factors reflecting the biological properties of the tumour were added and it was possible to select patients for transplantation with greater precision. Examples here include the use of alpha-fetoprotein, histological grading, microinvasion into vessels, etc. Also, the response of the tumour to treatment before transplantation can be an important indicator – the effect of locoregional (RFA, MWA, TACE) or even systemic treatment. The importance of pre-transplant administration of immunomodulatory treatment is not yet known. In larger transplant centres, the concept of their own criteria, established on the basis of their own data unique to a given centre, is already beginning to be promoted. The advantage is that it reflects local and specific conditions of the centre. Key words: liver transplantation – hepatocellular carcinoma – Milan criteria – IKEM criteria

Nutrient management for enhancing productivity of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) based intercropping system under rainfed condition

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2011–12 and 2012–13 at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar, to study the effect of nutrient management for enhancing productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]-based intercropping systems. Pigeonpea + turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) intercropping system, recorded significantly higher pigeonpea yield (2.00 t/ha), pigeonpea-equivalent yield (4.79 t/ha), fruiting efficiency (18.8%), water-use efficiency (6.1 kg grain/ha/mm), production efficiency (18.0 kg/ha/day) and net re turns ( 106.32 ×10/ha) than pigeonpea + maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping and sole pigeonpea. However, pigeonpea + turmeric recorded lower benefit: cost (B: C) ratio than sole pigeonpea. Significantly higher B: C ratio was recorded under pigeonpea + sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (2.32) and pigeonpea + urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] (2.31) intercropping systems than pigeonpea + maize, pigeonpea + turmeric and sole pigeonpea. Pigeonpea + maize recorded significantly lower NPK uptake by pigeonpea than sole pigeonpea and the other in tercropping systems. Pigeonpea + mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] and pigeonpea + urdbean recorded significantly higher number and dry weight of nodules /plant than pigeonpea + maize. Application of 125% recom mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher number of branches and pods/plant, pigeonpea equivalent yield (3.39 t/ha), land-equivalent ratio (1.87), production efficiency (12.8 kg/ha/day), net returns ( 80.83 ×103/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.17) and NPK uptake by pigeonpea than RDF and 75% RDF. Pigeonpea equivalent yield in pigeonpea + urdbean, pigeonpea + mungbean and pigeonpea + sesame intercropping sys tems, increased significantly with the increasing levels of fertilizer up to RDF, and further increase in fertilizer level did not show significant effect on pigeonpea-equivalent yield. However, it increased significantly up to 125% RDF in pigeonpea + maize and pigeonpea + turmeric intercropping systems. Pigeonpea + urdbean and pigeonpea + mungbean increased organic carbon, available N, P, K content of the soil than the other intercropping systems and initial soil value.

Influence of Rhizobium Co-inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Peanut Tainan 9 variety

The study of rhizobium co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on peanut growth in pot experiment was laid out on completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment consisted of 5 treatments; 1) control (without microorganism), 2) rhizobium (R: Rhizobium sp.),3) R + arbuscular mycorrhiza (R+AM),4) R + Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria (R+PSB: Rhizobium sp. + Bacillus sp.) and 5) R+AM+PSB with 4 replications. The results showed that co-inoculated of microorganisms (R+AM+PSB) provided the highest root length, and the highest fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root. The treatment of R+AM showed the peak of nodules number (115 nodules/plant), nodules fresh weight and dry weight (0.65 and 0.16 g/plant). R+AM+PSB treatment increased the percentage of AM root length colonized at 26.64%. However, total nitrogen content in peanut shoot was highest in R+PSB. The concentrations of phosphorus and potassium in peanut shoot and root parts were not significant among treatments. Co-inoculate of R and PSB produced the highest nitrogen fixation at 87.73 mg N/plant.

A lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor acts downstream of the auxin response factor 2 to control nodulation and root architecture in Medicago truncatula.

Legume plants develop two types of root postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules, using shared regulatory components. The module composed by the microRNA390, the Trans-Acting SIRNA3 (TAS3) RNA and the Auxin Response Factors (ARF)2, ARF3, and ARF4 (miR390/TAS3/ARFs) mediates the control of both lateral roots and symbiotic nodules in legumes. Here, a transcriptomic approach identified a member of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) family of transcription factors in Medicago truncatula, designated MtLBD17/29a, which is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module. ChIP-PCR experiments evidenced that MtARF2 binds to an Auxin Response Element present in the MtLBD17/29a promoter. MtLBD17/29a is expressed in root meristems, lateral root primordia, and noninfected cells of symbiotic nodules. Knockdown of MtLBD17/29a reduced the length of primary and lateral roots and enhanced lateral root formation, whereas overexpression of MtLBD17/29a produced the opposite phenotype. Interestingly, both knockdown and overexpression of MtLBD17/29a reduced nodule number and infection events and impaired the induction of the symbiotic genes Nodulation Signaling Pathway (NSP) 1 and 2. Our results demonstrate that MtLBD17/29a is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module and a direct target of MtARF2, revealing a new lateral root regulatory hub recruited by legumes to act in the root nodule symbiotic program.

Ultrasound and clinical factors predicting central lymph node metastases in patients with unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma.

This retrospective study involving a large dataset of unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (UM-PTC) sought to identify factors that predict central lymph node metastases (CLNM) in patients. We identified a cohort of 158 patients who underwent cervical ultrasonography followed by UM-PTC diagnosis based on postoperative pathology. The relationship between CLNM and UM-PTC clinical ultrasound features was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of total tumor diameter (TTD) to predict CLNM. Among the 158 UM-PTC patients, the incidence of CLNM was 29.7% (47/158). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that a number of similarity of sonographic features (NSSF) ≥4 (odds ratio [OR]=11.335, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.95-32.50, p=0.000), microcalcifications (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.30-9.70, p=0.014), a TTD of ≥2cm (OR=4.48, 95% CI: 1.62-12.34, p=0.004), number of nodules ≥3 (OR=13.17, 95% CI: 3.24-53.52, p=0.000), and Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) (OR=5.57, 95% CI: 1.59-19.48, p=0.007) were independently associated with CLNM in UM-PTC. ROC curve analysis revealed that the TTD cut-off of 1.795cm had a sensitivity of 0.723 and a specificity of 0.676 for predicting CLNM. Patients with UM-PTC are at high risk of CLNM. NSSF ≥4, microcalcifications, TTD of ≥2cm, LLNM, and a number of nodules ≥3 were independently associated with CLNM. Our data show that ultrasound may guide surgical decisions in the treatment of UM-PTC.

Achieving SVR in patients with hepatitis C-related HCC is associated with an improvement in overall survival: real word data

Aims: The optimal timing for DAA therapy initiation in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and HCC is still debated. The aim of our study was to provide real-world data on virological response and overall survival in patients with hepatitis C-related HCC. Methods: Retrospectively, we included patients with HCV-related HCC between 2015 and 2020. The primary outcome was to compare the SVR rate in the patients with active or historical HCC who were treated with DAA therapy. The secondary outcome was to measure the overall survival of those patients. Results: 98 patients were included, and the majority were cirrhotic with compensated liver disease. 71.4% received DAA therapy at the time of initial HCC diagnosis and 11.2% received HCV treatment at the time of HCC recurrence (Active HCC cohort). 17.3% had previously received HCC treatment, but there was no evidence of recurrence at the time of DAA (Historical HCC Cohort). The SVR rate was 81.6%, but decreased to 75.7% in patients with active HCC. The presence of active HCC and the number of HCC nodules were the only factors associated with not achieving SVR in the multivariate analysis. The median survival was higher in those who achieved SVR. Active HCC and failure to achieve SVR were the main factors associated with mortality. Conclusions: Treating hepatitis C in patients with HCC is feasible with significant rates of SVR, even if SVR rates decrease in patients with active HCC and these patients require more than one DAA therapy. Failure to achieve SVR is one of the main factors associated with mortality.

The Effects of Rhizobium Phaseoli and Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms on Phaseolus Vulgaris Amended with Rock Phosphate and Biogas Spent Slurry

Phaseolusvulgaries seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli, Phosphate solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) with rock phosphate in plots containing poultry droppings slurry of biogas plant. This experiment was carried out in 4 treatments with control (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T0).The samples were collected at seedling, preflowering, blooming and end stages to learn the phenotypical nature, NPK and chlorophyll contents. Studies on microbes have also been conducted on plants at every stage of development. Comparing the plant supplied by R.phaseous PSM with rock phosphate to control and other application combinations, the results showed that the plant recorded the highest values in the morphological, biochemical, and microbiological features.From the seedling stage on, the plants' NPK content also rose. (1.262%, 0.28% &amp; 0.26%) to the flowering stage. In the T4 treatment, there are likewise 36 nodules, and each nodule weighs 0.268 g. The weight is roughly 0.039g, and the lowest nodule number (07nos) was discovered in the control. The enriched manure that produced the best results was the combination of SPDS+PSM+RP+R.phaseoli (T4). The yield was 2.435tons/hectare and PSM+RP (T2), which produced 1.890 tons/hectare; PSM+RP (T3), 1.101 tons/hectare in inorganic manure (T1), and control (0.821 tons/hectare) (T0). The study report highlighted the critical roles that PSO, R. phaseoli, and rock phosphate played in P. vulgaries nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and good yield.

The effect of cold plasma seed treatments on nodulation and plant growth in pea (Pisum sativum) and lentil (Lens culinaris)

AbstractCold plasma enhances various biological processes in plants. This study assessed the impact of cold plasma seed treatments on nodulation, root, and shoot growth in pea and lentil under controlled environmental conditions. Seeds were treated with cold plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and a pin electrode reactor (PER), with three different exposure durations (3, 6, and 12 min). At 4 weeks, notable enhancements were observed in nodule number and dry weight, root dry weight, length, volume, surface area, and shoot dry weight. The 3‐ and 6‐min exposure using the DBD and the 3‐min exposure using the PER system demonstrated the most significant increases or upward trends in these traits, highlighting the intricate nature of seed–plasma interactions.