Number Of Measured Parameters Research Articles

SenGlove—A Modular Wearable Device to Measure Kinematic Parameters of The Human Hand

For technical or medical applications, the knowledge of the exact kinematics of the human hand is key to utilizing its capability of handling and manipulating objects and communicating with other humans or machines. The optimal relationship between the number of measurement parameters, measurement accuracy, as well as complexity, usability and cost of the measuring systems is hard to find. Biomechanic assumptions, the concepts of a biomechatronic system and the mechatronic design process, as well as commercially available components, are used to develop a sensorized glove. The proposed wearable introduced in this paper can measure 14 of 15 angular values of a simplified hand model. Additionally, five contact pressure values at the fingertips and inertial data of the whole hand with six degrees of freedom are gathered. Due to the modular design and a hand size examination based on anthropometric parameters, the concept of the wearable is applicable to a large variety of hand sizes and adaptable to different use cases. Validations show a combined root-mean-square error of 0.99° to 2.38° for the measurement of all joint angles on one finger, surpassing the human perception threshold and the current state-of-the-art in science and technology for comparable systems.

Combining CRISPRi and metabolomics for functional annotation of compound libraries.

Molecular profiling of small-molecules offers invaluable insights into the function of compounds and allows for hypothesis generation about small molecule direct targets and secondary effects. However, current profiling methods are either limited in the number of measurable parameters or throughput. Here, we developed a multiplexed, unbiased framework that, by linking genetic to drug-induced changes in nearly a thousand metabolites, allows for high-throughput functional annotation of compound libraries in Escherichia coli. First, we generated a reference map of metabolic changes from (CRISPR) interference with 352 genes in all major essential biological processes. Next, based on the comparison of genetic with 1342 drug-induced metabolic changes we made de novo predictions of compound functionality and revealed antibacterials with unconventional Modes of Action. We show that our framework, combining dynamic gene silencing with metabolomics, can be adapted as a general strategy for comprehensive high-throughput analysis of compound functionality, from bacteria to human cell lines.

New Method of Cardiac Lead Evaluation Using Chest Radiography.

Background and Objectives: There is currently no method that can be used for a precise evaluation of pacemaker leads using X-ray images, which could be a valuable add-on in the follow-up of patients. The aim of this paper was to create a simple method to measure selected points and lines using the chest radiography of patients with cardiac pacemakers. Materials and Methods: The study included 99 patients after permanent pacemaker implantation (72.0 ± 12.9 y; 58 W). The newly created method was used to evaluate the course of the leads based on an X-ray of the chest in an AP (posterior–anterior) projection (standing up) with optimization. The chest X-ray was applied to the original measurement grid, which was determined by specific anatomical points. For the purpose of this paper, a number of measurable parameters have been proposed. Results: The technical quality of the images was very good (4.50 ± 0.72). There were no gender-specific differences: women 4.46 ± 0.75/men 4.56 ± 0.67; p = 0.5183. The quality of the imaging of the leads was also good (3.72 ± 0.83), and no statistical differences were found between the genders. After verifying the technical quality of the X-ray images, the tract of the leads was measured. The only significant difference was found in parameter E—this value describing the so-called “death bend”, which was significantly lower in women (3.98 ± 1.35) vs. men (4.58 ± 1.49): p = 0.039. Conclusions: The presented method permitted the leads of a cardiac pacemaker to be precisely described with good clinical validity using chest radiography.

Middle Creek Water Assessment Using Water Quality Index (WQI)

ABSTRACT Water quality Index (WQI) provides a single value to express overall quality of water which is calculated based on a number of measurable parameters. WQI was calculated based on 10 parameters that were determined during the period between June and July of 2012 and July of 2013 in an effort to assess the water quality of Middle Creek (MC) (Snyder, CO. PA). The Middle Creek (MC) is a 2nd order tributary stream flowing into Penn's Creek before joining the Susquehanna River. In this study, eleven sites were selected along MC between the head waters and its confluence with Penn's Creek. Physical properties were measured in the field, and grab-samples were tested for P, NO2−, NO3−, NH3, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The Composite WQI for all sites along MC was calculated to be 89.71, indicating that MC is in good condition regarding water quality and is capable of buffering nutrient and chemical runoff. Results have shown that certain parameters, such as temperature (T°), COD or BOD, can be used as proxies for predicting the WQI. Due to good correlation with WQI values, T°, COD or BOD can be used to assess water quality within a short period of time. In this study, T° and COD were found to give the best forecasting parameters, followed by BOD. The relationships found between WQI and these three parameters, allow for a simple test to provide an adequate assessment of the water quality of a given stream system.

Size Effects in Quasi-Static Energy Transport for Microscopic Quantum Systems

ABSTRACTWe consider finite size effects on energy transfer between nanoparticles mediated by quantum systems. The nanoparticles are considered as heat reservoirs with a finite number of modes. An expression for the quasi-static energy transport between the heat reservoirs having a finite mode frequency spacing Δ is derived. The resulting equations describing long-term (t ≥1/Δ) relaxation for the mode temperatures and the average temperatures of the nanoparticles are solved. The solutions depend on small number of measurable parameters and show unusual peculiarities in their temporal variations. As is shown, Fourier’s law in a chain of identical subsystems (nanoparticles) can be validated only on a short time scale. For a larger times, when t ∼ 1/Δ, the temperatures of different modes deviate from each other, thus preventing thermal equilibrium in each subsystem, and the validity of Fourier’s law cannot be established.

A Real-World Application of Fuzzy Logic and Influence Coefficients for Gas Turbine Performance Diagnostics

This paper presents an example of the use of fuzzy logic combined with influence coefficients applied to engine test-cell data to diagnose gas-path related performance faults. The approach utilizes influence coefficients, which describe the changes in measurable parameters due to changes in component condition such as compressor efficiency. Such approaches usually have the disadvantages of attributing measurement noise or sensor errors to changes in engine condition and do not have the ability to diagnose more faults than the number of measurement parameters that exist. These disadvantages usually make such methods impractical for anything but simulated data without measurement noise or errors. However, in this example, the influence coefficients are used in an iterative approach, in combination with fuzzy logic, to overcome these obstacles. The method is demonstrated using eight examples from real-world test-cell data.

Thermal Requirement and Development of <I>Liriomyza sativae</I> (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Cucumber

The effect of temperature on developmental rate of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was determined at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees C) on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. 'Negin'. The total developmental period (oviposition to adult emergence) decreased with increasing temperature, although no development occurred at 10 and 40 degrees C. Using the linear model, the estimated lower temperature threshold for the egg, larval, pupal, and entire developmental period was 9.20, 9.75. 11.01, and 10.20 degrees C and the effective accumulative temperatures for these stages were 64.10, 81.97, 106.38, and 250 degree-days (DD), respectively. Data also were fitted to nonlinear temperature-dependent models. Evaluation of the models was based on fit to data, number and biological value of the fitted coefficient, number of measurable parameters, and accuracy of the estimation of the thresholds. Conclusively, linear and Briere models are recommended as the most efficient for the description of temperature-dependent development of L. sativae. Temperature-based developmental data can be used to predict occurrence, number of generations, and possibly population dynamics.

Evaluation of different models to describe egg and pupal development of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the shot‐hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka

Abstract Development data of eggs and pupae of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the shot‐hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka, at constant temperatures were used to evaluate a linear and seven nonlinear models for insect development. Model evaluation was based on fit to data (residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination or coefficient of nonlinear regression), number of measurable parameters, the biological value of the fitted coefficients and accuracy in the estimation of thresholds. Of the nonlinear models, the Lactin model fitted experimental data well and along with the linear model, can be used to describe the temperature‐dependent development of this species.

Comparative Temperature-Dependent Development ofNephus includens(Kirsch) andNephus bisignatus(Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Preying onPlanococcus citri(Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Evaluation of a Linear and Various Nonlinear Models Using Specific Criteria

The effect of temperature on the development of the predators Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was studied. The duration of the development of immature stages and the pre-oviposition period of the two predators, reared on Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) at eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35, and 37.5 ± 1°C), have been recorded. The developmental zero (lower temperature threshold) was estimated to be 10.9 and 9.4°C, and the thermal constant was 490.5 and 614.3 DD for N. includens and N. bisignatus, respectively, using the linear model. Data were fitted to various nonlinear temperature-dependent models, and the thermal developmental thresholds (lower and upper), as well as the optimum temperature for development, have been estimated. Evaluation of the models took place, based on the following criteria: fit to data (residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination or coefficient of nonlinear regression), number and biological value of the fitted coefficients, number of measurable parameters, and accuracy on the estimation of the thresholds. Conclusively, linear and Lactin models are highly recommended for the description of temperature-dependent development of these two predators and possibly of other coccinellids.

Nonreciprocal cell for the broadband measurement of tensorial permeability of magnetized ferrites: direct problem

In this paper, a broad-band characterization method for measuring the complex permeability tensor components and complex scalar permittivity of magnetized ferrites is described. The technique is based on the reflection/transmission measurement of a rectangular waveguide partly filled with the ferrite that is to be characterized. The fundamental principle of the measurement consists in using the anisotropy of the material to lead to the nonreciprocity of the device in order to have the same number of measurable parameters (the S-parameters of the cell) for the characteristics we want to determine. Here, we will recall the principle of the mode-matching method used for the electromagnetic analysis of the cell (direct problem). We will bring to the fore the difficulties linked to the determination of the complex propagation constants of the different modes and will present a calculation procedure that makes this determination in a wide-frequency range easier. We will then compare at X-band frequencies (8-12 GHz) the theoretical S-parameters with those measured for ferrites of well-known properties in order to validate the direct problem. The determination of the permittivity and permeability values from the measured parameters (inverse problem) is not addressed here.

New differential techniques for evaluating rate constants and ratios of rate constants. The behaviors of irreversible first‐and pseudo‐first‐order reactions

AbstractA record of the time dependence of the difference between two signals, one proportional to the concentration of a reactant or product in one reaction mixture and the other proportional to the concentration of the same or a corresponding substance in another mixture in which the reaction is initiated at the same time as the first, makes it possible to obtain not only the ratio, but also the individual values, of the rate constants for the two reactions. The effects of the experimental variables on a number of measurable parameters are examined, the errors associated with a number of different ways of evaluating the rate constants and their ratio are discussed, and it is shown how conditions can be selected that should provide values whose precisions compare favorably with those attainable by other techniques.