Number Of Lifestyle Behaviors Research Articles

Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Population in Medical Department of A Tertiary Care Centre.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is mainly associated with a number of lifestyle behaviors. There is a high discrepancy among urban and rural populations with the prevalence of diabetes in rural areas as 2.5% and a high prevalence of 14.6% in urban areas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for the majority of all diabetes cases with a number of chronic effects that include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness, and disability. This study is done to determine the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among the adult population in the medical department of a tertiary care center. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a medical department of a tertiary care center of Himal Hospital Private Limited from March to April 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical Review Board of NHRC (Reference Number 752). All the data of the last two years from the medical record section were included in the study. The convenience sampling technique was followed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. The study showed the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among the adult population to be 23.93 % (0.23) (C.I= 0.20-0.26). The prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus was found to be higher than the previous study done in similar settings.

Genetic Variation in Acid Ceramidase Predicts Non-completion of an Exercise Intervention.

Genetic variation is associated with a number of lifestyle behaviours; it may be associated with adherence and individual responses to exercise training. We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the acid ceramidase gene (ASAH1) for association with subject adherence and physiologic benefit with exercise training in two well-characterised randomised, controlled 8-month exercise interventions: STRRIDE I (n = 239) and STRRIDE II (n = 246). Three ASAH1 non-coding SNPs in a linkage disequilibrium block were associated with non-completion: rs2898458(G/T), rs7508(A/G), and rs3810(A/G) were associated with non-completion in both additive (OR = 1.8, 1.8, 2.0; P < 0.05 all) and dominant (OR = 2.5, 2.6, 3.5; P < 0.05 all) models; with less skeletal muscle ASAH expression (p < 0.01) in a subset (N = 60); and poorer training response in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak VO2 change rs3810 r2 = 0.29, P = 0.04; rs2898458 r2 = 0.29, P = 0.08; rs7508 r2 = 0.28, p = 0.09); and similar in direction and magnitude in both independent exploratory and replication studies. Adherence to exercise may be partly biologically and genetically moderated through metabolic regulatory pathways participating in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training.

PS2-29: Optimal Lifestyle Adherence and 2-Year Incidence of Chronic Conditions

Background and Aims: Adherence to an optimal lifestyle, defined as adequate physical activity, no use of tobacco, moderate alcohol use, and eating five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, has been associated with as much as 14 years of increased longevity and improved functional health status. Unfortunately, adherence to these optimal lifestyle behaviors is relatively low among the population. Furthermore, the extent to which adherence to multiple lifestyle behaviors is associated with specific disease incidence is unclear. Improved understanding of this association may hold significant potential for population health improvement strategies. The purpose of this investigation was to study the association of adherence to varying levels of an optimal lifestyle with the incidence of chronic disease among employed adults (N=35,684). Methods: All baseline data were collected as part of a health assessment process during the year 2007. Participants were followed for two years. Descriptive statistics were calculated and reported as the proportion of the sample reporting a newly diagnosed chronic disease (diabetes, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, back pain, or cancer) by the number of lifestyle behaviors that they practiced. Results: Compared with individuals who practiced no or only 1 optimal lifestyle behavior, the risk of developing a condition for individuals practicing 3 or 4 behaviors was 66% lower for diabetes, 45% lower for heart disease, 17% lower for hyperlipidemia, 15% lower for hypertension, 43% lower for back pain, and 24% lower for cancer. Conclusions: Adherence to optimal lifestyle is associated with lower 2-year incidence rates of several chronic conditions. Attention to population-based strategies that improve adherence to these four behaviors appears to positively affect risk of chronic diseases and their risk factors. To the extent that social marketing strategies and systematic measurement and feedback to individual members, patients, and groups (e.g., employer-based) increases adherence to multiple health behaviors, risk of chronic disease may be reduced.

Epidemiology of type II diabetes: an international perspective.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type II diabetes) is present in nearly all of the countries of the world, and represents a significant disease burden in most developed countries. Type II diabetes is fairly common among Caucasoid populations in the United States and Europe and, more importantly, among Native Americans, Pacific Island populations, persons of Asian Indian origin, Hispanics and African Americans. Our current understanding is that type II diabetes probably results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. While a genetic link is most likely a precursor to type II diabetes, a number of lifestyle behaviours, including obesity, lack of physical activity, and diet, also influence the development of the disease. Lifestyle changes and westernization that accompany economic development in developing countries have been followed in the past by substantial increases in the prevalence of type II diabetes. Thus, further increases in type II diabetes might be expected in the Third World as the economic advancement of these countries continues.