Number Of Juvenile Offenders Research Articles

The Implementation of the Functional Family Therapy in China

Nowadays, disruptive behaviour disorders and substance use disorders are issues frequently identified among adolescents and may have adverse effects on adolescents' lives and eventually lead to catastrophic consequences if people fail to address them in time. In China, the number of juvenile offenders under eighteen has also increased for the past 15 years. However, the laws and regulations in China are not sufficiently detailed and specific, so the actual implementation of community correction is not effective enough. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based family therapy for pre-adolescents and adolescents (10-18 years) to treat their behavioural problems and substance misuse, which is widely implemented in Western countries. So, this article aims to explore the implementation of FFT in China by following the National Implementation Research Network (NIRN) and considering the reality of China, to try to help Chinese adolescents and society in the future.

ODNOS MALOLJETNIH PRESTUPNIKA PREMA POČINJENOM KRIVIČNOM DJELU

Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem today due to its negative social, emotional, physical and economic consequences that are present in communities in modern society. The study of juvenile delinquency is of particular importance to society because juvenile offenders are increasingly continuing their criminal activities as adults. Through the study of the scope, structure and dynamics of youth delinquency, the success of the implementation of social policy towards young people in general can be monitored. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between juvenile offenders, who are on the maintenance of an educational measure of sending to a correctional facility, and criminal offense they committed and the sanction imposed. These data can be important indicators for the creation and implementation of institutional re-education, as well as the process of resocialization. The research also presented data on the number of juvenile offenders in the Republika Srpska who were sentenced to an educational measure of sending them to an educational-correctional home, as well as institutions for the execution of this sanction. The results of the research indicate that the attitude of juvenile offenders towards the committed crime and the imposed sanction is an important indicator for creating an individualized program of re-educational work with juveniles and their resocialization in general. Also, through the answers of juveniles and their attitude towards the crime, we saw an increasingly pronounced criminogenic infection of juvenile offenders, as well as a disturbed value system.

THE NATURE OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR OF JUVENILES

In recent years the number of juvenile offenders, teenagers with deviant behaviour has increased in Ukraine. Thus, the problem of finding effective ways for preventive work with them is actualized. The aim of this article is to investigate the nature of deviant behaviour of juveniles. It was revealed that the phenomenon of deviant behaviour belongs to such a class of phenomena that can be studied only as a result of joint efforts of researchers – representatives of many sciences, namely sociology, psychology, law, medicine etc., which in their totality form a specialized branch of knowledge – deviantology. The subject of its study is all forms of social pathology, including crimes, offenses, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, suicide, etc. Analysis of scientific literature proves that most researchers considering the problem of deviance associate this concept with the concept of a social norm. Such norms are formed in all spheres of public life and regulate all types of social relations, ensuring, on the one hand, relative universality of human behaviour, and, on the other hand, providing implementation of social control, which involves the use of various negative sanctions. Social norms are a set of fixed verbal or symbolic requirements and expectations of social community for behaviour and activities of its representatives, as well as the means of social regulation of the individual and the group’s behaviour. As a result of insufficient formation of ideological principles, lack of consistent attitudes and value orientations, juveniles are thought to be most vulnerable to different types of deviations. Deviant behaviour of juveniles may be manifested as violations of discipline, reluctance to learn, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution as well as serious offenses and crimes involving criminal measures. Juvenile deviations are caused by a range of factors: socio-economic; psychological and pedagogical; medical and biological. Research methods used: the analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, abstraction, generalization.

Intergenerational offending in Liverpool and the north-west of England, 1850–1914

Using contemporary sources from the north-west of England in the Victorian period, the authors examine the putative connections made by contemporaries which linked together ‘bad’ parenting and the transmission of criminal traits. Poor parenting practices were a prevalent explanation for juvenile (leading onto sustained) delinquency, especially in the mid to late nineteenth century. Popular narratives by Charles Dickens and media opinion-formers were very influential in depicting neglectful mothers who did not socialise their children into law-abiding, useful members of society, and criminal fathers who inducted their children into their own criminal affairs and organisations. This article examines the reality of intergenerational offending (using prison- and court-generated data) to show that there is very little convincing research that proves direct intergenerational transmission of offending practices (i.e. parent-to-child-offending transmission). The authors then examine other possible routes of intergenerational offending using case studies and archival research, and the article concludes that environmental/socio-economic conditions and wider familial/neighbourhood relationships were, in fact, the main trigger for onset of offending, and the maintenance of criminal careers, rather than direct familial transmission. The article is therefore an important marker in understanding the processes which inhibit/generate criminality in a significant number of juvenile offenders in this period.

Critical factors in mental health programming for juveniles in corrections facilities.

Abstract Juveniles with mental health and other specialized needs are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, and while juvenile corrections have not historically provided standardized and evidence-based mental health services for its incarcerated youth, the demand is evident. The reality is that juveniles with serious mental illness are committed to youth corrections facilities and justice systems generally do not have the capacity to provide effective mental health care. However, juvenile corrections are aware of the serious refractions involved and are exploring effective interventions. This involves examining the critical components of treatment and implementing promising youth correction programs for juveniles who are incarcerated. The authors review critical treatment factors involved in the mental health care of youth and provide recommendations to the field to further develop promising institutional programs. Keywords: Juvenile, Mental Illness, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT), Family Integrative Transition (FIT), Aggression Replacement Training (ART), Thinking For a Change (TFAC), Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) Introduction Juvenile offenders with mental illness are a serious concern for juvenile correctional systems. There has been a steady increase of this population throughout the decade of the nineties (Teplin & McClelland, 1998; Timmons-Mitchell, et al., 1997). In 2003 about 2.3 million youth under the age of 18 were arrested and over 130,000 were placed in detention and juvenile correctional facilities (Cocozza, Trupin, & Teodosio, 2003). Concurrently there has been a significant increase in the number of juvenile offenders who have been diagnosed with mental illnesses and substance use disorders (Cocozza, 1997; Faenza & Siegfried, 1998; Libert & Speigler, 1990; Timmons-Mitchell, Brown, Schulz, Webster, Underwood, & Semple, 1997; Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, Mericle, 2002; Villani, 1999 & Wasserman, Ko & McReynolds, 2004). Between 50 to 75 percent of all juvenile who enter the justice system has diagnosable mental health issues (Coalition for Juvenile Justice, 2000). The minority population in the juvenile justice system has gone unnoticed. Juvenile offenders who are at risk to maltreatment and negligence among those with mental health disorders are females and African-Americans. Females in the justice system have had their treatment needs overlooked and minimized. Females have higher rates of mood disorders, substance use, sexual abuse, and physical abuse (Timmons-Mitchell, et. al., 1997 & Teplin, et. al., 2002). Furthermore, African-American youth are twice as likely to be arrested and seven times as likely to be placed in youth corrections facilities compared with Caucasian youth. There is a minority overrepresentation, a disproportionate minority confinement, and an under utilization of mental health service identification and implementation. The former refers to the harsher treatment of minorities in comparison to their corresponding Caucasian by the juvenile justice system. The latter is a subset involving only the harsher treatment of minorities detained at secure facilities during pretrial and post-dispositional stages. It is clear that all juveniles with mental health and other specialized needs are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system (Otto, 1992; Teplin, et. al., 2002 & Timmons-Mitchell, et al., 1997). Juvenile justice administrators are faced with the multifaceted problems that arise when dealing with juveniles with serious mental illness. Although the literature on dealing with juvenile offenders with mental health issues is limited, juvenile justice administrators and mental health providers must be flexible in their responses. There has been a shift in the delivery of mental health services from residential and community-based care to the treatment of the serious mentally ill juvenile offender. …

The Use of Citizen Review Boards with Juvenile Offender Cases: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Pilot Program

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates a Citizen Review Board (CRB) program designed to review juvenile offender cases. The sample includes 157 juvenile offenders that were first‐time adjudicated offenders. The youth were randomly assigned by the juvenile judge either to receive review by the CRB or go through the regular court process. Sixty‐eight of the youth were reviewed by the CRB and 89 made up the control group. Data were collected on both groups for more than three years. Program outcomes examined for the study included court processing time, placement and treatment facility changes, and re‐offense rates.Findings suggest that the youth served by the CRB program had statistically fewer out‐of‐home placements in treatment programs during the course of the study and more time had elapsed between the date of the original offense and the re‐offense for youth reviewed by the CRB. The rise in the number of juvenile offenders going through the nation's court systems, as well as a rise in the number of citizen review boards, indicate a need for further examination about how CRBs can best serve the juvenile court system and the youth served by that system.

Juvenile Crime Trends in Postwar Europe

In the literature, two models - routine activity and social control - are most often used in attempts to account for a continuous upward trend in the number of juvenile offenders during the post-war period. In Sweden, contrary to what we might expect given these models, the number of juvenile offenders has been stable, and may even have decreased, over the last 25 years. This article will present an analysis of juvenile crime trends in West European countries during the post-war period (1950-1995). A sensible way to begin a comparative study is to take advantage of the analyses already carried out by researchers in the relevant countries. Besides the official crime statistics this study also uses alternative statistics, that is, self-report studies and victim surveys. An obvious advantage with these surveys is that they are independent of the relevant country's judicial system and official statistics. The availability of data played an important part in the choice of countries to be included. In addition, contacts were established with researchers and research centres in most countries covered by the study.