Number Of Inspections Research Articles

Digital Classification of Chilean Pelagic Species in Fishing Landing Lines.

Fishing landings in Chile are inspected to control fisheries that are subject to catch quotas. The control process is not easy since the volumes extracted are large and the numbers of landings and artisan shipowners are high. Moreover, the number of inspectors is limited, and a non-automated method is utilized that normally requires months of training. In this work, we propose, design, and implement an automated fish landing control system. The system consists of a custom gate with a camera array and controlled illumination that performs automatic video acquisition once the fish landing starts. The imagery is sent to the cloud in real time and processed by a custom-designed detection algorithm based on deep convolutional networks. The detection algorithm identifies and classifies different pelagic species in real time, and it has been tuned to identify the specific species found in landings of two fishing industries in the Biobío region in Chile. A web-based industrial software was also developed to display a list of fish detections, record relevant statistical summaries, and create landing reports in a user interface. All the records are stored in the cloud for future analyses and possible Chilean government audits. The system can automatically, remotely, and continuously identify and classify the following species: anchovy, jack mackerel, jumbo squid, mackerel, sardine, and snoek, considerably outperforming the current manual procedure.

Analisis Kinerja Personel Inspektur Angkutan Udara Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah III pada Optimalisasi Pengawasan Standart Pelayanan Minimal PT. Lion Mentari Airlines


 In order to realize aviation safety, security and services, it is necessary to carry out control, supervision and investigation activities by air transport inspectors. Flight services provided by the Air Transport Business Entity for economy-class passenger services, Scheduled Commercial Air Transportation and domestic flight routes. The intended passenger service standards include several things, including pre-flight service standards, in-flight service standards, and post-flight service standards. Pre-flight service standards consist of: flight information, reservation, ticketing, check-in, boarding process, handling of flight delays, flight cancellations and enied boarding passes. Because the number of inspectors in carrying out supervision can also be an influential aspect of the results of the Minimum Standard Inspection of the service. This study aims to determine the factors that get the results of optimizing Air Transport Inspectors on Lion Air airlines. This research is descriptive using qualitative methods with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained is in the form of interviews with the Air Transport Inspector at the Surabaya Region III Airport Authority Office as well as documents used to carry out daily activities. The results of this study show the factors that constrain the control team of the Air Transport Inspector for Lion Air airlines on the Supervision Result Sheet instruments. Namely the unsupervised air transport inspector of airline officers directly at each airline service sub-unit due to a shortage of air transport inspector personnel.
 Keywords: Supervision, Performance, Air Transport Inspector

Relationship between the territorial distribution of labor inspectors and work accident injuries: Clustering Ecuadorian provinces into four management scenarios

The role of labor inspectors is to monitor the correct application of occupational health and safety regulations. This function can have preventive effects on the occurrence of accidents at work. To analyze this possible relationship, this study describes the evolution of labor inspectors' number and geographical distribution and the occurrence of work accidents in Ecuador over five years (2015–2019). The results show that the number of accidents for every 10,000 workers has decreased while the number of inspectors has remained stable. In addition, contrary to expectations, the results indicate that, in general, the number of inspectors is not associated with the number of accidents, except in 2019, in which this relationship was positive, suggesting that other factors external to the inspection may influence the occurrence of accidents such as the productive sector or the size of the company. In addition, the country's provinces were classified into quadrants according to the work accident incidence (high-low) and the number of inspectors (high-low), allowing the analysis of common characteristics of each quadrant. Finally, practical implications are classified into three management scenarios about the inspection activity, and suggestions for future research are proposed.

Street Patrol Routing Optimization in Smart City Management Based on Genetic Algorithm: A Case in Zhengzhou, China

A series of urban law enforcement events involving city inspectors dispatched by the city management department can reflect some problems in smart city management, such as illegal advertising and unlicensed street operation. In this paper, we propose a model for the allocation of city inspectors and the optimization of patrol paths. The objective is to minimize the average response time and the number of inspectors. We also develop a priority-patrol-and-multiobjective genetic algorithm (DP-MOGA) to classify patrol segments according to the frequency of events and develop an improved genetic algorithm to achieve the aforementioned objective. We conduct numerical experiments using patrol data obtained from city inspectors in Zhengzhou, China, to clearly show that the proposed algorithm generates reasonable routes that reduce the average response time of events and the number of patrol inspectors. Furthermore, we test the algorithm for three different time scenarios (roads with different average numbers of events) and demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is more stable and efficient than other existing algorithms.

The Policy of the Department of Education Bogor Regency in Improving the Quality of PAUD Education

The level of education of PAUD teachers in Bogor Regency is still a lot of only junior high school or high school graduates, not meeting the National Education Standards, PAUD learning is still focused on learning to read and write arithmetic (calistung), assistance to institutions provided by the local government still does not meet the needs of the number of institutions existing PAUD. This study aims to determine the policy of the Bogor Regency Education Office in Improving the Quality of PAUD Education. This research approach with qualitative methods and data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The policy of the Bogor Regency Education Office in improving the quality of PAUD has been carried out to the maximum in the competence of its teachers by providing education and training as well as providing incentive assistance to honorary teachers although it is carried out in stages. The implementation of PAUD policies always synergizes and partners with organizations/institutions whose members are managers and educators. Obstacles in implementing policies in Bogor Regency are still constrained in human resources, namely the number of inspectors as PAUD supervisors is not balanced with existing PAUD institutions. The results of policy implementation in improving quality with the spread of Holistic Integrative PAUD in Bogor Regency. Keywords: Policy, Quality, PAUD Education.

Investigating trends in foodborne illnesses in Lubbock and other counties in Texas

Each year, about 48 million people in the United States are affected by foodborne illnesses, with approximately 3000 of these cases resulting in death. In Texas, the incidence of illnesses like campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis has increased since 2015. In Lubbock County, Texas, however, published data on foodborne illness are scarce. The purpose of this study was to describe trends in foodborne illness in Lubbock and other counties in Texas and to evaluate the potential role of environmental inspector shortages on foodborne illnesses in Lubbock. County-level infectious disease cases were obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) for the years 2005 and 2016–2018 and were further categorized into food-based and non-food-based. Odds ratios for the association between public health region and cases of foodborne illness over time were estimated using logistic regression. A qualitative framework analysis of environmental health inspector interview responses was conducted. Region 1 had the highest odds of foodborne illness cases among all regions. In Lubbock, an inverse relationship was observed between the number of environmental inspectors and cases of foodborne illness, with an increase in inspectors from six to nine over the period of 2016–2018 associated with a decreasing trend in the cumulative incidence of foodborne illnesses. The increase in the number of inspectors in the city of Lubbock could be a factor in decreasing the incidence of foodborne illnesses, as their work is vital to ensuring adequate food safety practices.

The Reliability Model of Artificial Monitoring on the Anomalous Event in Expressway Tunnels and Monte Carlo Simulation

Artificial monitoring remains to be a major way to detect anomalous events in expressway tunnels. To estimate the reliability of artificial monitoring on anomalous events in expressway tunnels, the video surveillance and mobile inspection based reliability models of artificial monitoring on the anomalous event in the expressway tunnel were built, and Monte Carlo method was applied to calculate the probability and mean time to detect the anomalous event at the specific time. The results showed that the Monte Carlo method could simulate video surveillance and mobile inspection, and obtain the probability distribution and mean time of detecting anomalous events. The mean time to spot the anomalous event was in reverse relation with the number of inspectors, the time of mobile inspection, and the reliability probability of the monitoring pre-warning system in tunnels and was in positive relationships with the departure interval. Combined with the actual operation cost, the model serves as a basis for the artificial monitoring package.

A Formal Protocol to Conduct Usability Heuristic Evaluations in the Context of the Software Development Process

Heuristic evaluation is one of the most used techniques to evaluate the level of usability of a software product. In this research, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the recent studies which report the use of this method in the context of a software development process. The purpose was to identify the specific way in which each author performs this usability evaluation method, in order to propose a formal protocol. After an indeed examination of these studies, we have determined there are several differences in the way this technique is conducted according to the literature. There is no agreement about the number of inspectors that should participate, the usability principles that should be used, the profile of the specialists who must be part of the assessment team, or the evaluation process that should be followed. This work highlights the available settings and a detailed procedure to perform a heuristic evaluation in the domain of software products.

A race against time: monitoring the necropolis and the territory of Cyrene and Giarabub through protocols of remote sensing and collaboration with Libyan colleagues

AbstractThe core area of Cyrene, despite recent upheavals, benefits from well-managed controls and fences that so far seem to have stopped the looting, although not the vandalism. These fences act mainly as a psychological barrier; for the local people, everything inside the fences is seen as ‘more important’ than what is outside. However, it is impossible to enclose all the monumental tombs, rock-cut sanctuaries and ancient farms and fortifications. The first type of damage we see is due to looting, which is increasing, and acts of vandalism. The lack of regulation and police control as well as increased urbanisation have caused a lot of uncontrolled building, causing the further destruction of large sections of the necropolis. A second type of damage is due to the lack of maintenance. In order to help restore the sites, the Universities of Urbino, Chieti, Roma 3, Naples 2 and the Mission of the MIBACT at Giarabub, in collaboration with the DoA, have organised courses on ‘Rescue restoration in emergency’. Despite the growing number of inspectors and technicians in Cyrene, there are still not enough archaeologists, guards or restorers. This paper explains these general issues and, as a case study, the remote but important area of Giarabub.

Simulating compliance behaviour for effective inspection strategies using agent based modelling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to simulate compliance behaviour of entrepreneurs in the Netherlands based on the Table of Eleven: 11 factors determining compliance (based on economic, cognitive, social and institutional factors). Design/methodology/approach – An Agent-Based Model (ABM) was developed that could incorporate both individual and group behaviour and allowed to evaluate the effect of various intervention strategies. For this purpose, a case study on the compliance of pig farmers with antibiotics legislation in the Netherlands was used. Findings – The effect of social factors (acceptance of legislation and social influence) on compliance levels was tested as well as the number of inspectors. This showed that the model can help to choose the most optimal intervention strategy depending on the input parameters. Research limitations/implications – Further expansion of the model may be necessary, e.g. including economic factors, in order to reflect real-life situations more closely. Practical implications – The model can be used by inspection services to effectively implement their control programme. Originality/value – The developed ABM is a first attempt to simulate compliance behaviour and as such contributes to the current limited knowledge on effective intervention strategies.

The Impact of Team Inspections on Enforcement and Deterrence

AbstractThis paper provides new insights into the productivity of teams. Government enforcement agencies often send teams of inspectors instead of a sole inspector to a regulated facility. Yet, determining the impact of teams is problematic due to endogeneity (e.g., the enforcement agency might naturally send larger teams when they expect more violations). Exploiting weather-related exogenous variation in the number of inspectors who are sent to offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, we show that adding an inspector to a team increases the number of sanctions issued as well as the severity of the sanctions. This increase in sanction severity is larger than that of an additional inspection. Therefore, enforcement agencies may be able to achieve stricter enforcement by reallocating inspectors into larger inspection teams, even if this is at the cost of conducting fewer inspections.

The Effect of Inspector Group Size and Familiarity on Enforcement and Deterrence

This paper provides new insights into the productivity of teams. Government enforcement agencies often send teams of inspectors instead of a sole inspector to a regulated facility. Yet, determining the impact of teams is problematic due to endogeneity (e.g., the enforcement agency might naturally send larger teams when they expect a more violations). Exploiting exogenous variation in the number of inspectors that are sent to offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, we show that adding an inspector to a team increases the number of sanctions issued as well as the severity of the sanctions.

The Effect of Inspector Group Size and Familiarity on Enforcement and Deterrence

The paper provides new insights into the productivity of teams and the relationship between the inspector and the inspected party. Exploiting exogenous variation in the number of inspectors that are sent to offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, we find that adding an inspector does not simply result in more observed violations – it increases the severity of sanctions imposed on those violations that are detected. We also find that inspectors who are more familiar with the offender impose less severe sanctions. We only find weak evidence that increasing sanction severity deters incidents such as oil spills.

The Effect of Inspector Group Size and Familiarity on Enforcement and Deterrence: Evidence from Oil Platforms

This paper provides new insights into the productivity of teams and the relationship between the inspector and the inspected party by examining data on inspections of offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. We exploit weather patterns that only influence the number of inspectors that are sent to inspect a platform and show that inspector group size matters; an additional inspector results in more severe sanctions being issued. We also exploit the agglomeration of two inspection offices to examine the effect of reducing the familiarity between an inspector and an inspected party; we find that reducing the inspector-offender relationship also results in more severe sanctions being issued. Combined, these findings are consistent with regulatory capture and related concerns about insulating inspectors from undue influence by those they are supposed to monitor. Using these shifts in sanction severity we also estimate the effectiveness of increasing enforcement on the deterrence of incidents, such as oil spills, fires, injuries, or fatalities. We only find weak evidence that increasing sanction severity increases deterrence.

Inspection Manpower Planning for <i>X</i> & <i>S</i> Control Charts

A method of determining the optimal number of inspectors and/or working time required on a specific SPC activity is presented in the study. The issue of inspection manpower planning is handled as a constrained optimization problem. The optimization strategy is not only to minimize the avoidable surplus quality loss due to failure of detecting the out-of-control states but to determine the cost of inspection manpower from the perspective of deploying an appropriate amount of inspection manpower in a cost-effective manner, and meanwhile the values of sample size, sampling interval and control limits of control charts are also determined. The result obtained indicates that the total cost (or loss) can be substantially reduced if implementing control charts was equipped with adequate inspection manpower.

LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY: New Food Safety Law Brings Opportunities Amid Hurdles

When President Obama signed the FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] Food Safety Modernization Act1 into law on 4 January 2011, it marked the farthest-reaching changes to the U.S. food safety system in more than 70 years. Crafted in light of concern over foodborne disease outbreaks and perceived underinvestment in food-inspection capacity,2 the law combines a mandate for more FDA inspections with authority to respond quickly to illness outbreaks. The bill fundamentally restructures the way FDA monitors the food supply,” says Caroline Smith DeWaal, director of food safety at the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest. “FDA’s oversight role is greatly enhanced.” The agency also has enhanced authority over imported processors, a growing source of the U.S. food supply. She notes the law sets new standards for on-farm production, particularly certain high-risk fruits and vegetables.3 The FDA shares responsibility for food safety with U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), which handles poultry, meat, and certain egg products. On the other hand, the law doesn’t mark a huge change in direction overall. Robert Buchanan, director of the Center for Food Safety and Security Systems at the University of Maryland, explains that the new law gives FDA “some additional powers for when the industry isn’t doing what it’s supposed to be doing.” These include setting limits on key food pathogens, better surveillance, and more capacity for inspections and investigations following illness reports. The bill lays out a combination of producer performance standards and government inspections designed to ensure those standards are upheld. It sets a goal of “not fewer than 4,000 field staff members in fiscal year 2011 to carry out food-related activities,” according to FDA spokesman Douglas Karas. Last year’s budget allowed for about 2,800 full-time staff for field activities related to food, supplemented by other staff. Despite the law’s call for more inspectors and more frequent inspections, with the new Republican Congress vowing to slash federal budgets, Buchanan says, “Frankly, USDA and FDA will be lucky to keep the number of inspectors they already have. It’s a real concern.” The FDA declined interview requests, saying it’s still studying the new law and exploring partnerships with other agencies and watchdog groups. The new law leaves it to industry to decide which technologies to use to track outbreaks and manage tracking data. “Frequent shopper” cards used by grocery stores to track customers’ preferences may help. Some stores’ cards track food lot numbers, and they have led to recalls in some cases, according to David Goldman, assistant administrator for the Office of Public Health Science at the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Some experts expect what the Washington Post called “a small gold rush” among tech companies anticipating a growing market in new food-tracking technologies.4 The California-based company YottaMark, Inc., for example, markets the HarvestMark system, which lets consumers scan produce labels using an iPhone app or type in tracking numbers online to learn precisely where the produce was grown and when it was harvested. HarvestMark is currently used by 200 companies. Will the new law reform the system? Time will tell. “This is always going to be an evolving activity,” Buchanan says. “But do I think this law is going to have a big impact? Yes. Huge.”

Improvements in the Operation of SO2 Scrubbers in China’s Coal Power Plants

China has deployed the world's largest fleet of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) scrubbers (flue gas desulfurization systems), and most of them now appear to be operating properly. Although many plant managers avoided using their SO(2) scrubbers in the past, recent evidence, based on a series of field interviews conducted by the author, suggests that managers of coal power plants now have incentives to operate their scrubbers properly. China's new policy incentives since 2007 appear well designed to overcome the hurdle of high operation and maintenance costs of SO(2) scrubbers. Furthermore, it is now far more likely that offenders will be caught and punished. Continuous emission monitoring systems have played a key role in this change of attitudes. Plant inspections have become much more common, facilitated by a significant increase in the number of inspectors and the fact that the 461,000-megawatt SO(2) scrubbers at the end of 2009 were located in only 503 coal power plants, making frequent inspections little constrained by the shortage of inspectors. Because SO(2) is the precursor of sulfate particles believed to cause significant cooling effects on climate, China's SO(2) mitigation may make it more urgent to control the world's greenhouse gas emissions.

Rasio Sdm Pengawas (Inspektor) Kelaikan Pesawat Udara Terhadap Beban Tugas Keselamatan Penerbangan

To realize the safehJ of air transport.ation, the government needs to do a monitoring of the ainvorthinessof aircraft. therefore, the Directorate General of Air Transportation Directorate of the Ministn; ofTransportation formed a special deal with it is the Directorrzte of Ainuorthiness and Operation ofAircraft. The purpose of this study is to determine the number of inspectors required for the supennsionof ainvorthiness of aircraft to follmu the deuelapnient of the number of aircraft operated. By usinga simple linear formuli:l., the number of aircraft inspedor personnel can be done m; making use ofequation Y = -11.04 + 108 X.

D&T Report

D&T Report

Design and analysis of a two-stage security screening and inspection system

Security inspections are becoming a commonplace activity in locations ranging from airports to museums and shopping malls. Theses inspections can result in significant operational costs to a facility and to entry delays for the individuals being inspected. In this paper we focus specifically on passenger inspections at US airports. We consider a two-stage inspection system in which we are able to control the service rate of the first inspector. The relationship between the inspection service rate and accuracy is assumed described by a known speed and accuracy operating characteristic curve. Using a queuing model we derive the optimal design for the passenger security inspection operation at a given arrival rate, and also evaluate the utility of any investments in inspection rate improvement. The primary performance metric for the security inspection system is the average waiting time of the arriving entities or passengers. The optimal result specifies the number of inspectors at each stage, the service rate of the first inspector, and the total system cost. Numerical results with an example system are presented.