Great Number Of Challenges Research Articles

Accurate Identification of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Machine Learning Approaches

The identification of ADHD is laden with a great number of challenges and obstacles. If a patient is incorrectly diagnosed, there is a possibility that this will have adverse impact on their health. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that often emerge in infancy. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in sustaining attention, concentrating, and regulating behavior. Therefore, using artificial intelligence approaches for early detection is very important for reducing the increase in disease. The goal of this research is to find out an accurate model that could differentiate between those who have ADHD and those who do not have it by making use of the method of pattern recognition. The research project was composed of a combination of event-related potential data from people who had been diagnosed with ADHD, in addition to a control group that was made up of people who did not have ADHD. This research presents novel machine learning models based on decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP), using dataset collected from ADHD patients for the purpose of training. Significant performance outcomes have been seen in the context of the SVM which has achieved a high accuracy rate of 91%. MLP has demonstrated an accuracy rate of 89%. Furthermore, the RF model has shown an accuracy rate of 87%. Finally, the DT model revealed accurate results up to 78%. The aforementioned results highlight the effectiveness of the utilized methods and the ability of modern computational frameworks in attaining substantial levels of accuracy in the diagnosis and categorization of ADHD.

Продовольственная безопасность в контексте национальных целей Российской Федерации

<span>В статье в формате контекстного анализа рассматриваются некоторые нюансы обеспечения продовольственной безопасности населения страны, обусловленные принятием Указа Президента РФ «О национальных целях и стратегических задачах развития Российской Федерации на период до 2024 года». Анализируются сущностные связи продовольственной безопасности с целым рядом больших вызовов и приоритетов социально-экономического развития страны, связанных с проведением суверенной государственной политики, преодолением бедности и социального неравенства, при этом констатируется, что обеспечение продовольственной безопасности выходит за рамки возможностей и компетенций отдельных федеральных органов исполнительной власти.</span><span class="myBoldChars"> </span><span>Обосновывается вывод о необходимости решения продовольственной проблемы в формате межведомственного проекта, включенного в систему национальных и федеральных проектов. На основе анализа специфических характеристик продовольственной проблемы в современной России выдвигается тезис о преждевременности постановки задачи о масштабном (в разы) наращивании экспорта продукции агропромышленного комплекса и необходимости расширения внутренних рынков ее сбыта с использованием механизмов продовольственной помощи малоимущим слоям населения.</span>

Effect of pore throat structure on micro-scale seepage characteristics of tight gas reservoirs

At present, the effects of pore throat structure on micro-scale seepage characteristics of tight gas reservoirs are less researched, and traditional numerical simulation methods are faced with a great number of challenges in the study of micro-scale flow. In this paper, the flow pattern of tight gas was studied based on the actual temperature and pressure of tight gas reservoir and the characteristic size of reservoir pore throat, and the rationality of tight gas flow was simulated by means of lattice Boltzmann method. Then, considering the influences of micro-scale effect, slippage effect and other factors, a tight gas flow model was established on the basis of LBGK-D2Q9 model, and its calculation results were compared with the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions listed in the literature. Finally, the influential laws of pore throat structure on the micro-scale seepage characteristics of tight gas were discussed. And the following research results were obtained. First, when the pressure is in the range of 3–70 MPa and the temperature is in the range of 293.15–373.15 K, the Knudsen number (Kn) is less than 0.1 and the gas flow is in the pattern of slippage flow and weak continuous flow. And in this case, it is reasonable to adopt the LBGK-D2Q9 model to simulate tight gas flow. Second, the effect of the characteristic size of the flow channel on the Kn is much greater than that of the pressure change. When the pore–throat ratio is constant, the Kn increases slowly along the throat. And its increasing trend gets more obvious with the increase of pore–throat ratio. Third, the presence of the throat makes the non-linear distribution characteristics of the pressure in the pore throat significant, and the pressure drop mainly lies in the throat. And the higher the pore–throat ratio is, the larger the pressure drop range in the throat is. Fourth, the non-linear distribution of pressure decreases the gas flow speed significantly, thus reducing the mass flow rate in the flow channel. In conclusion, the simulation result of the model established in this paper is highly coincident with the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions calculated by DSMC and IP methods in the literature, which verifies that this proposed model is reliable. The research results reveal the importance of “connecting fracture and expanding throat” in the practical development engineering of tight gas reservoirs.

Sagledavanje primene aktivnosti korporativne društvene odgovornosti u okviru MSP u odevnoj industriji

Contemporary business brings with itself a great number of challenges, especially business in the context of labor-intensive and resource-intensive activities, which includes the production of clothing products. Such a nature of work within the clothing industry causes the appearance of variety of issues which require application of corporate social responsibility activities. Although examples of unethical practices in business continue to be present, many large companies involved in the production of clothing are investing efforts and significant resources in the implementation of socially responsible business activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises have to follow their steps. They have to develop awareness of the impacts of current business practices on the stakeholders and the environment in which they operate. And then to introduce changes in business practice that will ensure active engagement in reducing negative impacts, external, as well as and internal, which are primarily related to employee impacts, which should not be neglected at all. This paper deals with the application of social responsibility practices, the nature of activities related to social responsibility, and the specificity of their application by small and medium-sized enterprises operating within the clothing industry.

Employer-generated complaints to the statutory registration authority: The regulatory framework for the supervision of employed health professionals in the South African public sector

Work as an employed health professional comes with a great number of challenges. Health professionals are often oblivious to the legal and regulatory framework that governs their employment situation. At least three legal frameworks are of relevance in each employer-employee relationship in the South African public healthcare sector, namely the Labour Relations Act, the Public Service Act and the profession-specific Acts such as the Health Professions Act, the Nursing Act or the Pharmacy Act, respectively. Starting with two cases where the profession-specific Act has been used by the employer against the employed health professional, rather than the legislation regulating the employer-employee relationship, it will be illustrated how the three Acts and their regulatory environment are structured. Based on this illustration, the impact that the creation of employer-generated complaints has on the employer-employee relationship, and on the system at large, will be discussed.

As origens do paradigma desenvolvimentista de interpretação dos diálogos de Platão

The fact that Plato adopted a literary form of writing presents a great number of challenges to the reader interested in his philosophy. The greatest of these challenges follows from the fact that Plato himself is not one of his characters. If we could find Plato among the characters of his dialogues, it would be easy for us to identify his positions. However, Plato’s absence of the dramatic scenes he depicted leaves us without an easy solution for this fundamental problem: how to access Plato’s positons and thought about the many themes debated in the dialogues? Throughout history, different methods of reading and organizing Plato’s work were developed in order to deal with this problem and to give to the reader of the dialogues an access to Plato’s thoughts and positions. This paper aims to present an assessment of the development of the latest, and still widely adopted, paradigm of reading Plato’s work. Through the analysis of the major commentators responsible for the establishment of the current paradigm of organization and reading of Plato’s dialogues, the paper aims to reflect on the qualities, vices, and prejudices inherent to our way of reading Plato.

An overview analysis of selected challenges in the enforcement of the prohibition of insider trading and market manipulation in the European Union and South African regulatory frameworks

It is submitted that cross-border trading in securities has caused a great number of challenges for various national regulators, especially with regard to the enforcement of market abuse laws. For instance, cross-border trading in securities has exacerbated the commission of other related illicit trading practices, such as, high frequency trading, credit default swaps, short selling and front running, particularly during the 2008-2009 global financial crises. Moreover, cross-border trading in securities has, to some extent, given rise to the inconsistent application and enforcement of the market abuse prohibition in South Africa and other European Union (EU) Member States. Accordingly, the need for strong co-operation and co-ordination between such regulators is still crucial and inevitable for the purposes of combatting market abuse in the EU and other jurisdictions, such as, South Africa. It is against this background that some selected national regulators and/or role players in the enforcement of the market abuse prohibition in South Africa, such as, the Financial Services Board (FSB), the Directorate of Market Abuse (DMA) and the Enforcement Committee as well as the EU’s Committee, of the Wise Men, the Forum of European Securities Commissions (FESCO), the Committee of European Securities Commissions Regulators (CESR), the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), the Lamfalussy Process and the EU’s Action Plan for Financial Services, will be discussed. This is mainly done to isolate and expose the challenges and/or flaws in the enforcement of market abuse laws in both the EU and South Africa8 in order to recommend, where applicable, possible anti-market abuse measures that could be employed to enhance the curbing of market abuse activities in their respective jurisdictions. Thereafter, some concluding remarks will be provided

Looking beyond accession: Challenges to implementing the world trade organization government procurement agreement in china

Much of the literature on China's ongoing attempts to accede to the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Agreement on Government Procurement (“GPA”) focuses on which Chinese entities will ultimately be covered by the Agreement. While coverage issues are, no doubt, important, this paper argues that China will face an even greater number of challenges when implementing and harmonizing the requirements of the GPA with its own domestic procurement laws. In particular, the GPA's Article XVIII requirement for an effective domestic review mechanism may be especially difficult for China to achieve. In light of these challenges, this paper argues that current GPA members should address problems with China's domestic legal framework for procurement now, not look to the domestic review device to resolve problems after accession.

Ukrainian prisoners and community reentry challenges: implications for transitional care.

The study aims to assess reentry challenges faced by Ukrainian prisoners and to determine the factors associated with having a greater number of challenges in order to suggest pre- and post-release interventions with the aim of facilitating community reintegration. A representative national cross-sectional study with a sample size of 402 prisoners was conducted among imprisoned adults within six months of release. The study consisted of interviews and biological testing for infectious diseases. Anticipated reentry challenges were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The most difficult and relatively important challenges identified were finding a job or a stable source of income and staying out of prison following release. Risk-specific challenges pertinent to drug users and HIV-infected individuals were assessed as difficult, but generally less important. Similarly, challenges associated with reducing drug relapse were ranked as less important, with only 0.6 percent identifying opioid substitution therapy as a helpful measure. In the multivariate analysis, having a greater number of challenges is associated with previous incarcerations, drug use immediately before incarceration and lower levels of social support. To facilitate community re-integration, it is vital to design interventions aimed at reducing recidivism and improvement of social support through comprehensive case management as well as to improve understanding about and address drug dependence issues among inmates by implementing evidence-based treatment both within prisons and after release. This is the first comprehensive assessment of community reentry challenges by prisoners in the former Soviet Union.

Towards a smart State? Inter-agency collaboration, information integration, and beyond

Information technologies IT can now be considered one of the key components of government administrative reform. The potential is even greater when working across organizational boundaries. Unfortunately, inter-agency collaboration appears to face an even greater number of challenges than similar IT initiatives within a single organization. The challenges include data and technological incompatibility, the lack of institutional incentives to collaborate, and the politics and power struggles around a pervasive silo structure in most governments, among many others. This paper argues that there are clear trends towards greater inter-organizational collaboration, information sharing, and integration, which could lead, in the near future, to what might be called a smart State. The paper starts discussing the promises and challenges that have already been identified for government information sharing and integration initiatives. Then it describes two trends in terms of inter-organizational collaboration and information technologies in government settings. The paper ends by providing reflections about the technical and political feasibility, as well as the social desirability, of an integrated virtual State in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches^1 are actively collaborating and sharing information through the use of advanced information technologies, sophisticated coordination mechanisms, shared physical infrastructure, and, potentially, new organizational and institutional arrangements.

The Need for Child Mental Health Services Within a Department of Defense Setting

In 2007, the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Military Deployment Services for Youth, Families and Service Members identified the need for further research to determine how to serve the psychological needs of military members’ families. While that document covers many important areas, this brief paper is intended to specifically focus on the needs for children of military members and provide some data or justification to support the allocation of resources for additional training, services and child psychology research efforts. Multiple deployments to warzones over the past decade have strained service members and their families (Hoge, Terhakopian, Castro, Messer, & Engel, 2007; Hoge et al., 2004; Hoge et al., 2008; James, 2008). While much research has been and continues to be conducted to evaluate the direct effects on service members themselves, little empirical randomized research exists to evaluate the effects of deployments on service members’ children. However, a group of researchers from the Rand Corporation (Chandra et al., 2010) did conduct a well designed phone survey with boys and girls (ages 11–17) and a sample of 1,500. The findings of Chandra et al. suggested that children of deployed service members experienced significantly greater ‘‘challenges’’ during and post deployment, including more ‘‘school, family and peer related difficulties with parental deployment.’’ Chandra et al., also found that ‘‘length of parental deployment and poorer non-deployed caregiver mental health were significantly associated with a greater number of challenges for children both during deployment and deployed-parent reintegration (p. 16).’’ Despite the presence of numerous helpful resources for addressing the concerns of parents and children regarding military deployments, there appears to be a lack of empirically supported therapies to help children who need services that are specifically a result of a parent’s military deployment or service. A growing number of individuals are studying how deployment affects the children of military personnel, yet the gap in proven therapies still exists.

The encounter of non-indigenous teacher educator and indigenous teacher: the invisibility of the challenges

This work can be understood as a set of ideas on the indigenous teacher education when the teacher educator is external to the indigenous culture and he/she assumes to take into account the culture that each one brings inside oneself. These ideas represent what we have learnt/perceived from our experience as indigenous teacher educator in terms of the perspectives we need to focus in this movement and the great number of challenges we become aware we have to face. This paper presents some perspectives, different points of view, conflicts and challenges of socio-anthropologic-political, psycho-epistemological, ethnic-linguistics orders as well as a critical evaluation on the indigenous teacher education and the education of the indigenous teacher as a student.

Designing CSCW system for integrated, web-based, cotton cultivation services

Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) systems have attracted the attention of many software implementers on the area of multimedia applications, however very few of them have been used in agriculture. The necessity for using the CSCW environment in agriculture arises from the utilization and the rapid development of modern strategies of plant cultivation. In this paper we present the design of an agricultural CSCW system, which aims to provide integrated, web-based, services for cotton cultivation. Designing and developing such a system is a complex task that requires dealing with a great number of challenges. We focused on a number of important interrelated issues of user profiles, providing an overview and an insight on the way we address them. The proposed framework is intended to contribute to a unified view of requirements of a knowledge management support system by identifying core components and functionalities.