Number Of Endorsements Research Articles

One independent or many independent? The relationship among self-construal, number of brand endorsers, and brand attitudes.

It was common for brands to use different numbers of endorsers in marketing practice. Nevertheless, research on brand endorsers' quantity has not yielded a uniform consensus. The previous research about brand endorsers mainly focuses on the appeal of endorsement, brand category, and endorser characteristics, paying less attention to the impact of cultural factors, particularly self-construal. This study delves into selecting brand endorsers across diverse cultural regions for the same brand. Drawing on the principles of self-consistency theory and self-construal theory, our research, conducted through three distinct experiments, reveals that consumers tend to hold more favorable opinions about brands endorsed by a single individual. Furthermore, self-consistency emerges as a crucial mediating factor in this phenomenon. Additionally, self-construal is an essential factor among consumers from various cultural backgrounds. Consumers with an independent self-construal exhibit more favorable brand perceptions when it comes to single-endorser brands compared to their counterparts with an interdependent self-construal. Conversely, individuals with an interdependent self-construal demonstrate a more positive disposition towards brands with multiple endorsers than those with an independent self-construal. This research not only enriches and extends our theoretical understanding of the impact of the number of brand endorsers on consumer brand attitudes but also provides valuable practical insights for optimizing the selection of brand endorsers for companies.

Inland Bills of Exchange: Private Money Production without Banks+

I study a sample of 482 English inland bills of exchange (where all parties to the bill were in England) during the period 1762-1850. Inland bills were used as a medium of exchange during the Industrial Revolution in the north of England. During this period, they circulated via indorsements, committing each indorser's personal wealth to back the bill. The number of endorsements is a measure of the liquidity/velocity of the bills. I ask what bill characteristics are associated with greater velocity. I also investigate whether bills backed by banks and others backed only by the joint liability of indorsers had different velocities. Bank-backed bills were more liquid than nonbank-backed bills, consistent with the Dang, Gorton, and Holmström (2018) (DGH) theory that the optimal design of private money is debt backed by debt.

Impact of online product presentation on sales: the effects of text-image introductory information and celebrity endorsements

PurposeProduct presentation plays a critical role in influencing consumers’ purchasing decisions in online shopping. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of text-image information on online product presentation pages on sales. This study also specifically explores the moderating role of celebrity endorsements in the relationship between text-image presentation information and sales.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on regression analysis using data sets from the largest online book retailer in China, Dangdang.com.FindingsThe results of this study show that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between word count and book sales. Conversely, image quantity has a positive linear effect on book sales. Furthermore, celebrity endorsements moderate the relationship between word count and sales in two distinct ways. First, the positive effect of increasing word count from low to medium is enlarged by increasing the number of celebrity endorsers. Second, the turning point of the inverse-U relationship between word count and sales rank moves to the right as the number of endorsers increases.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to examine the effects of text-image quantity on sales across the full continuum. This study adds understanding on how information load might have distinct consequences on the processing performance of text and images. Furthermore, this study investigates how sales are impacted by the quantity of celebrity endorsers in relation to textual and pictorial information in online shopping contexts, extending our knowledge of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements.

Identifying the most prevalent unmet needs of cancer survivors in Australia: A systematic review.

Understanding the unmet needs of cancer survivors is crucial to inform health service planning and optimize survivorship care. This systematic review sought to identify the most prevalent unmet needs of cancer survivors in Australia, and to determine personal, disease, and treatment-related variables correlated with unmet needs. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Substantial heterogeneity across the included studies precluded statistical pooling of the data; narrative synthesis and vote counting were used to synthesize results. Unmet needs were ranked by the number of endorsements (n) each item received. The most frequently reported unmet needs of Australian cancer survivors are for help with psychosocial issues, including fear of cancer recurrence (n=14; 14-42%), uncertainty about the future (n=9; 12-26%), worry about partners, friends, and families (n=8; 12-26%), help to reduce stress (n=8; 12-34%), and sexual changes (n=7; 11-29%). Survivors also needed more help with physical issues, including fatigue (n=7; 10-27%) and usual activities (n=6; 13-27%), and expressed supportive care unmet needs, including for affordable hospital car parking (n=7; 12-26%), information about available services (n=7; 11-33%), and peer support (n=6; 13-26%). Anxiety, depression, and lower overall and physical quality of life were significantly correlated with greater unmet needs, as were younger age and more advanced disease.

Intensive care nurse conceptions of well‐being: a prototype analysis

Accurately conceptualizing intensive care nurse work well-being is fundamental for successful engagement with workplace well-being interventions. Little is currently known about intensive care nurse work well-being. The study aimed to identify intensive care nurses' conceptions of work well-being and ascertain whether the term 'work well-being' is prototypically organized. Three linked studies conceptualize intensive care nurse well-being. For study one, participants listed key features of work well-being as free-text responses. Study two measured whether there was prototypical organization of these responses. Study three sought to confirm the prototypical organization of the term 'work well-being' through narrative ratings. A total of 82 New Zealand intensive care nurses were randomly allocated to the three studies; 65 participated. In study one (n= 23), the most frequently endorsed elements included: workload (n= 14), job satisfaction (n= 13) and support (n= 13). In study two (n= 25), the highest rated elements included: feeling valued, respect, support, work-life balance and workplace culture. Elements of support, work-life balance and workload were in the top five most frequently endorsed elements and were also rated in the top 12 most central. Overall, the ratings of centrality and number of endorsements were positively correlated (r=0.35, P<0.05). In study three (n= 17), nine participants selected the same rating across both narratives with no differentiation on the 11-point scale and were excluded from analysis. The mean score for the central narrative was 7.88 and for the peripheral narrative was 7.38. Confirmatory analyses did not reach statistical significance. Unique conceptions of work well-being were identified. Workload and work-life balance were central characteristics. Feeling valued and experiencing respect and support were considered most important. Intensive care nurse conceptions of work well-being are fundamental for future measures of work well-being and future interventional studies and initiatives.

Consumer Attitudes Toward Advertisement and Brand, Based on the Number of Endorsers and Product Involvement: An Experimental Study

Utilizing endorsers in the advertising industry to promote products is currently on the rise, and employing celebrities as the endorsers is still the marketers’ favorite method. This study aims to analyze the influence of the number of endorsers and the product’s involvement on the consumers’ attitude towards the advertisement and the brand. The research’s approach used a 2x2 factorial experimental design. A total of 120 undergraduate students, who were further divided into 4 groups, were selected as the respondents of this study. The results show the differences in consumer attitudes towards advertisements and the brand, based on the number of endorsers and the product’s involvement. The study also reveals that if there is low involvement with the product, multiple celebrity endorsements will generate a better consumers’ attitude towards it than a single celebrity endorsement. Multiple celebrity endorsements will also generate a better attitude among the consumers towards the brand than a single celebrity endorsement will produce.

The voice acoustics of the 2016 United States presidential election candidates: A cross-gender study

The present study investigates the acoustic voice profiles (vocal fundamental frequency and intensity) of two female (Hillary Clinton and Carly Fiorina) and two male (Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump) candidates to the 2016 United States presidential election. The criteria used for choosing the speakers were based on: (a) an online survey we conducted in 2015; (b) the prediction markets’ statistics; (c) the number of endorsements from party elites; (d) the Iowa and the New Hampshire polls; (e) the amount of money raised by the candidate; and (f) the candidates’ gender from both Democratic and Republican parties. Voice stimuli for each of these speakers were collected for three different communication contexts: a political campaign monologue; a political peers-addressed speech; and non-political interview. Results confirm and expand previous findings [JASA 136(4), 2295] showing cross-cultural and gender similarities in voice acoustics supporting the hypothesis of several ongoing cross-cultural/gender processes of integration among some innate and cultural/linguistic vocal habits to convey leadership status: leaders estimate audience’s biological and social traits, manipulate vocal ranges of F0 and SPL accordingly, while maintaining women’s and men’s particular acoustic average features of F0 and SPL significantly different. [Supported by NIH grant DC01797.]

Comparing Building Information Modeling Skills of Project Managers and BIM Managers Based on Social Media Analysis

Building Information Modeling (BIM) education may accelerate the process of adopting BIM in construction projects. The education community has been examining the best ways of introducing BIM into the curricula. However, individuals in different positions, such as project managers and BIM managers, may require different BIM skills in practice. Thus, understanding BIM skills could help to better formulate the education program for college students and industry professionals. The authors explored this topic by addressing two research questions: 1) What are the BIM skills possessed by individuals that increase the likelihood of having the titles “project manager” and “BIM manager”? 2) How do these skill-sets differ between project managers and BIM managers? These questions are addressed through an analysis of the LinkedIn profiles of architecture, engineering, construction, and operations (AECO) professionals. Data collection involved gathering endorsed skills, number of endorsements, current position, past positions, and years of work experiences from LinkedIn profiles of AECO professionals. This article identified BIM skills and other skills correlated with BIM skills that increase the likelihood of an individual to own the titles of “project manager” and “BIM manager.” This analysis showed that the number of skills shared between project managers and BIM managers were greater than the number of unique skills possessed by either position. While the two positions shared certain skills, subsequent analysis suggested that many of those skills were correlated with different skills. This may suggest that, while there is overlap in the skills possessed between individuals in each position, the way in which they use those skillsets may differ.

Sense of agency over speech and proneness to auditory hallucinations: The reality-monitoring paradigm

This study investigated the effects of imagining speaking aloud, sensorimotor feedback, and auditory feedback on respondents' reports of having spoken aloud and examined the relationship between responses to "spoken aloud" in the reality-monitoring task and the sense of agency over speech. After speaking aloud, lip-synching, or imagining speaking, participants were asked whether each word had actually been spoken. The number of endorsements of "spoken aloud" was higher for words spoken aloud than for those lip-synched and higher for words lip-synched than for those imagined as having been spoken aloud. When participants were prevented by white noise from receiving auditory feedback, the discriminability of words spoken aloud decreased, and when auditory feedback was altered, reports of having spoken aloud decreased even though participants had actually done so. It was also found that those who have had auditory hallucination-like experiences were less able than were those without such experiences to discriminate the words spoken aloud, suggesting that endorsements of having "spoken aloud" in the reality-monitoring task reflected a sense of agency over speech. These results were explained in terms of the source-monitoring framework, and we proposed a revised forward model of speech in order to investigate auditory hallucinations.

Schematic processing of smoking information by smokers and never-smokers

The present study was designed to assess whether smokers and never-smokers differ in the manner in which they process smoking-related information. Twenty-four smokers and 29 never-smokers participated in a schema reaction time task, in which judgments were made as to the applicability of a series of attributes to smoking (as well as two sets of control stimuli). One-half the subjects rated these attributes with respect to smoking in general, while the rest of the subjects did so in a condition designed to enhance self-referent processing. For all groups, an incidental recall test followed the presentation of smoking stimuli. Results indicated that while groups did not differ in their responses to control stimuli, there were reliable differences between smokers' and never-smokers' responses to smoking attributes on all dependent measures (i.e., latency, confidence ratings, and number of endorsements). Smokers responded in a manner indicative of schematic processing to positively valenced attributes, while never-smokers demonstrated facilitated processing of negatively valenced attributes. However, neversmokers demonstrated expected within-group differences, while smokers did not. In addition, no effect for the self-referencing manipulation was evident. These findings are discussed with regard to the nature of information processing in smokers.