Number Of Dispatches Research Articles

구급활동일지 분석을 통한 119구급대 출동 대기시간 확보 방안

The number of individuals using the 119 emergency medical service (EMS) unit is increasing annually, and the Metropolitan Fire Headquarters attempts to increase the number of service individuals and vehicles; however, this has not been performed. The n‘umber of dispatches of the existing 119 EMS Unit is increasing. According to the analysis of the 119 paramedics’ emergency activity log, the waiting time for the dispatch of the 119 EMS unit decreased because of the increase in the number of dispatches. Consequently no other dispatch was possible for the 119 EMS unit. Since new emergency dispatches cannot be performed if the 119 EMS is busy, there is a vacancy in their area of jurisdiction, resulting in a dispatch gap. If a cardiac arrest occurs in an area with a dispatch gap, a 119 EMS unit from another area will be dispatched, making it difficult to secure timely emergency services. In solution, we found that there were many dispatches for non-emergency patients, and if these non-emergency patients are transferred to the non-emergency units, the 119 EMS unit can effectively assist patients with cardiac arrest.

Data-driven forecasting for operational planning of emergency medical services

Emergency medical services (EMS) play a vital role in delivering pre-hospital care. The operational efficiency of such services is critical and adequate demand forecasts can contribute to such a goal. But for that, the available data need to be well characterized before being used. Previous studies have failed to address some important aspects of this need, such as exploring a comprehensive list of contextual data to decide which are relevant to explain the EMS demand behavior. Moreover, modern forecasting techniques have been explored in the EMS context, including neural networks, but the computational complexity inherent to the methods and their use was not discussed. Finally, it is also unclear how different demand patterns can be when predicting the volume of emergency calls considering the priority level and the number of dispatches according to vehicle type. This study proposes a generic data-driven forecasting method to address these shortcomings and to support operational decisions. The results obtained with the proposed method indicate that each priority call and vehicle type shows different patterns, which suggests that such differentiation should contribute to better resource allocation. At the same time, the operational impact of the demand shared by neighboring zones proved to be significant at bases near the border. The models developed resulted in important decision tools that can be used to predict the dynamic demand of EMS on an hourly or shift basis. Additionally, the method adds value for decision-makers that want to plan not only when and how many but also where resources are demanded, avoiding assumptions that impact the operational performance.

Impacts of Meteorological Factors on 119 Emergency Medical Services: Focused on Busan

This study aims to analyze the impacts of meteorological factors on 119 Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Busan in 2017 was set as the temporal and spatial subject. It identified the differences in the effects of each meteorological factor on the characteristics of the 119 EMS and investigated the degree of weakness in the provision of EMS due to weather abnormalities. The characteristics of EMS were defined by the number of dispatches, EMS time, distance to dispatch, and the ratio of dispatches outside the jurisdiction in the 119 EMS activity report of the Busan Fire Headquarter. Meteorological factors included temperature, wind speed, and precipitation data from the Korea Meteorological Administration's Automatic Weather System (AWS), and the meteorological abnormality was set as heavy rain that occurred in Busan on September 11, 2017. The results of the regression analysis on the relationship between weather and EMS reveal that the weather factors affect the characteristics of EMS, although it differs according to the first factor. In particular, an increase in temperature and rainfall tends to negatively affect the proper provision of EMS. Weather anomalies, such as the torrential downpour on September 11, 2017, acted as a factor that made the provision of emergency services more vulnerable.

The Effects of Number of Fire Dispatches and Other Situational Factors on Voluntary Exercise Training Among Korean Firefighters: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis.

According to previous research, participation in exercise training (ET) by South Korean firefighters varies with shift type, and the effect of shift type is greater in large cities than in small towns. However, shift types differ among regions, depending on the number of dispatches. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of the number of fire dispatches and other situational factors on ET. A series of multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from South Korean firefighters (N = 5219) in 2017. According to the firefighters, participation in ET is higher among those who have someone to instruct their ET (Coefficient (Coef) = 0.057, SE = 0.017, p < 0.001) and who can do ET while on duty (Coef = 0.048, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001). The number of fire dispatches had a significant effect on participation in ET (Coef = −0.000, SE = 0.000, p < 0.01), meaning that the firefighters’ participation in ET varies with the number of fire dispatches in each region. Our main findings indicate that the number of fire dispatches is a key factor affecting ET participation among firefighters, and the other situational factors also play a role. Therefore, ET programs that firefighters can participate in between calls should be established.

Development of a multinomial logit­model to choose a transportation mode for intercity travel

Reducing the share of the use of automobiles in intercity passenger transportation is one of the ways to achieve the goals of sustainable development in transport that could positively affect the environment. The purpose of this work is to determine, based on the analysis of the results of polling conducted in the city of Lviv, Ukraine, trends in the selection of an external transport hub (ETH) by the transportation system users for a subsequent intercity trip. To this end, a multinomial logit model of ETH selection has been constructed, based on calculating the utility of students' choice of a railway and a bus hub. Multi-nominal logit models (MLM) are widely used to simulate the behavior of users, as evidenced by numerous studies. Their correct application requires that a set of factors should be defined that influence making a choice and the MLM coefficients should be calculated, based on studying users' behavior within a specific design area. The factors affecting the choice of a type of an external transport hub are the characteristics of an ETH (the throughput and the number of dispatches in a certain direction) and the duration and cost of a trip. The impact of these factors differs depending on the trip length: we have calculated the MLM coefficients for selecting an ETH type separately for travel up to 100 km in length, from 100 to 200 km, and more than 200 km. In addition, such indicators as the duration of a city trip and the time interval of dispatching were introduced in the model; however, the process of calculating the significance of the logit-model parameters revealed that these indicators did not exert significant influence on the users within the studied group. The result of this study is the defined characteristics of the performed trips with the hub-based distribution. The data obtained would contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of users of this class when they choose the mode of intercity travel and could be used to optimize the functioning of external transport hubs

Statistics and Management Systems of Unwanted Domestic and Foreign Fire Alarms

In the event of a fire and a disaster, prompt and accurate alarms inside and outside the building are directly related to the minimization of damage and the success of life evacuation. However, due to unwanted fire alarms in automated fire detection systems, the number of dispatches by misunderstanding in the 119 service is increasing. This causes the insensitivity to the safety of building managers and the waste of the fire-fighting power. Therefore, in this study, the statistical databases and literature on unwanted fire alarms in Korea and abroad (USA, UK) were identified and the management systems for unwanted fire alarms were compared and analyzed to identify problems of statistics in the management systems for unwanted fire alarms.

Evaluation of the Causes, Variety and Factors Associated with Patients' Dispatch via Medical Emergencies Centres of Ilam Province

Introduction: Effective planning to improve medical issues via EMS is an essential need. This study aimed to evaluate the causes, variety and factors associated with patients' dispatch via Medical Emergencies from different townships of Ilam province to Ilam city or cities from the other provinces and by a practical suggestion helps to improve the emergency cares at the event place. Materials & methods: By a descriptive study all dispatched patients during March to August 2010 by Ilam province EMS were investigated consecutively. Demographic data and all information about causes and factors related to patients dispatch were collected via a valid questionnaire and finally the data were entered into the SPSS version16 and using descriptive tables and relevant tests were analysed. Findings: Totally 960 cases were referred to Ilam or other provinces during study project among which the highest figure (196 patients (20.4%)) was from Abdanan city and the least figure was from Ilam (59 (6.1%)) and 59% of patients was attributed to males. Also, the rates of patients from urban and rural areas were 73.1% and 26.3% respectively and 0.5% was among emigrants and visitors. 48% of referrals (449 patients) were due to accident and others were due to other different diseases and the highest rate of referrals (30.7) had surgical reasons and 22.9% was associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the most patients' referrals (65.3%) were ordered by general medics and destination of 94% of referrals was Ilam city, inside the province. 97.3% of referrals was due to absent of relevant specialist and only 21.3% of referrals were due to emphasis of specialists upon the actual need of patients and the highest rate of referrals were due to lateral and unimportant reasons. Discussion & conclusions: The most patients' dispatches were due to absence of relevant specialist and the highest rate of referrals had surgical reasons; therefore, employment of specialists particularly surgeon and settlement of diagnostic tools such as sonography, radiology and CT scan can considerably reduce the number of dispatches. Also, the highest number of referrals was ordered by general medics, which reveals lack of enough specialists in Ilam townships and absence of a regular referral system in this province.

“Enough of a Self”: Esposito’s Impersonal Biopolitics

This essay is dedicated to exploring a number of consequences of Roberto Esposito’s “The Dispositif of the Person” for contemporary critiques of neo-liberalism. After an initial discussion of the significance of the term, dispositif (apparatus), for contemporary thought, especially in Giorgio Agamben’s recent work, Esposito’s articulation of person as apparatus is discussed in the context of Christian and Roman understandings of personhood. The role of grace comes in for careful scrutiny, especially for how it functions in Esposito’s argument as the mode by which thanatopolitics operates. According to Esposito, the “gift” of grace allows the subject to dominate his or her animal half and so will be awarded the adjective personal. Such a reading of person as dispositif has enormous consequences for critiques of neo-liberalism. When seen in tandem with Max Weber’s and Simone Weil’s perspectives on grace, it increasingly appears that the market today awards grace to those populations that it will count as persons, while at the same time refusing to make such a gift to many others. A number of dispatches from the front-lines of neo-liberalism follow to show how profoundly complicit personhood is in contemporary biopower. In the final pages the essay moves towards a fuller discussion of Esposito’s philosophy of the impersonal to provide more details on how the impersonal might act as a countermeasure to the thanatopolitics of contemporary neo-liberalism. Associating Esposito’s affirmative biopolitics of the impersonal with Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of perspectivism, the essay concludes with some considerations of the affirmative potential of the impersonal as a “planetary movement” in Nietzsche’s words; as a previously ignored mode for resisting contemporary biopower operating under neo-liberal cover.

Free-roaming mobile agent (FRoMA) protection against multiple attacks

Network traffic is the major concern in distributed computing. To reduce this, mobile agent technology is used in the distributed environment. Even though mobile agent is used in the distributed environment, the traffic is not reduced more due to more number of dispatches or migration from the source host to the remote hosts. To reduce the traffic more than the simple mobile agent, the free roaming mobile agent model is introduced in the network. Despite from its advantage, free roaming mobile agent faces various security issues like colluded attacks, truncation attacks and more. We proposed the id verification model to protect the free roaming mobile agent against the colluded and truncation attacks. This paper also proposes the recovery model for free-roaming mobile agent and its collected offers by the K-response model. It is to improve the fault tolerance of the agent failure or agent occupied by the malicious host by identifying whether the agent is dispatched to next host or not.

Thai-Japanese Relations at the Start of the Pacific War: New Insight into a Controversial Period

Thailand's relations with Japan during the months surrounding the outbreak of the war in the Pacific are a topic of controversy in Thai historiography; and despite a growing number of studies which have endeavoured to explain, or at least shed light on, the rapid shift in Thai policy from neutrality on 8 December 1941 to an alliance and then declaration of war on the side of Japan by 25 January 1942, little progress or development in the debate has taken place over the decades since the war. This unsatisfactory situation has been largely due to the very limited knowledge available about the diplomatic activities that took place between Thailand and Japan during the period in question. The bulk of our information to date has come from records and recollections of Thais and Europeans involved in the events, and this has concentrated almost entirely on the activities and interplay of Thais and Europeans. The result has been to relegate Japan's presence in events of the period to some dimly perceived undertakings conducted by sinister characters who were nothing more than Thailand's enemies bent on absorbing that country into Japan's new East Asian order. The following article is an effort to redress this imbalance somewhat by directing attention toward Thai-Japanese relations. I have relied greatly on a number of dispatches that passed between Bangkok and Tokyo during the autumn of 1941. Some of the most important of these are available only from “Magic”, the files of intercepted and deciphered Japanese diplomatic messages accumulated by the United States government. The Japanese Foreign Ministry archive files on diplomatic correspondence with Thailand are extremely incomplete, and none of the messages I used from “Magic” are contained in the Japanese files.

Optimal dispatching of a poisson process

Items arrive at a processing plant at a Poisson rate λ. At time T, all items are dispatched from the system. An intermediate dispatch time is to be chosen to minimize the total wait of all items. It is shown that if the dispatch time must be chosen at time 0 then T/2 not only minimizes the expected total wait but it also maximizes the probability that the total wait is less than a for every a &gt; 0. If the intermediate dispatch time is allowed to be a (random) stopping time, then it is shown that the policy which dispatches at time t iff N(t) &gt; λ(T – t) is optimal, where N(t) denotes the number of items present at time t. The distribution of the optimal dispatch time and the optimal expected total wait are determined. A generalization to the case of a non-homogeneous Poisson process, a time lag, and batch arrivals is given. Finally, the case where the process goes on indefinitely and any number of dispatches are allowed (at a cost K per dispatch) is considered.

Optimal dispatching of a poisson process

Items arrive at a processing plant at a Poisson rate λ. At time T, all items are dispatched from the system. An intermediate dispatch time is to be chosen to minimize the total wait of all items. It is shown that if the dispatch time must be chosen at time 0 then T/2 not only minimizes the expected total wait but it also maximizes the probability that the total wait is less than a for every a &amp;gt; 0. If the intermediate dispatch time is allowed to be a (random) stopping time, then it is shown that the policy which dispatches at time t iff N(t) &amp;gt; λ(T – t) is optimal, where N(t) denotes the number of items present at time t. The distribution of the optimal dispatch time and the optimal expected total wait are determined. A generalization to the case of a non-homogeneous Poisson process, a time lag, and batch arrivals is given. Finally, the case where the process goes on indefinitely and any number of dispatches are allowed (at a cost K per dispatch) is considered.