Number Of Diarrhea Research Articles

Consumption of Solnul™ Resistant Potato Starch Produces a Prebiotic Effect in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

The effects of resistant starch at high doses have been well-characterized, but the potential prebiotic effects of resistant starch at doses comparable to oligosaccharide prebiotics have not been evaluated. A three-arm randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of 3.5 g and 7 g daily doses of Solnul™ resistant potato starch (RPS) on beneficial populations of gut bacteria and stool consistency after a 4-week period. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia was determined by employing 16Sv4 sequencing of stool samples. To assess the effect of RPS on laxation and bowel movements, stools were recorded and scored using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Participants consuming 3.5 g/day of RPS experienced significantly greater changes in Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia compared to the placebo after 4 weeks. The number of diarrhea- and constipation-associated bowel movements were both significantly lower in the 3.5 g RPS arm compared to the placebo group. Participants consuming 7 g of RPS responded similarly to those in the 3.5 g arm. Our analyses demonstrate that Solnul™ RPS has a prebiotic effect when consumed for 4 weeks at the 3.5 g per day dose, stimulating increases in beneficial health-associated bacteria and reducing diarrhea- and constipation-associated bowel movements when compared to the placebo group.

Effects of Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpa on the expression of TRPA1 and TRPM8 in rats with irritable bowel syndrome

ObjectiveAlpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpap are two traditional Chinese herbs with warm nature, usually called interior-warming medicinal and widely used to treat cold syndrome for a long history. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpap on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats with spleen-stomach deficiency cold syndrome, and to clarify the link between “warming the middle to alleviate pain” and transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1), M8 (TRPM8). MethodsIBS rat model with spleen-stomach deficiency cold syndrome was established by cold diarrhea and restraint stress. Rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive group (pinaverium bromide), Alpinia Officinarum group and Euodia Rutaecarpa group. After continuous modeling and administration for seven days, body weight, loose stool grades, activity of ATP enzyme, pathological morphology of gastrointestinal tissue were evaluated. The expression of TRPA1 and TRPM8 in spinal ganglion, stomach and colon tissue of rats were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe IBS model with spleen-stomach deficiency cold syndrome caused increase in the number of diarrhea and loss in the body weight in rats. Compared with the normal group, the loose stool grades of model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP activity of erythrocyte membrane were significantly decreased (P<0.01). However, compared with the model group, Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpa obviously reduced the loose stool grades (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and obviously increased the activity of Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP (P<0.05). The expression of TRPA1 and TRPM8 in spinal ganglia and colon tissue of the model group was markedly enhanced (P<0.01), but Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpa significantly inhibited these overexpression. ConclusionThe effect of interior-warming and alleviating pain of Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpa on IBS model may be mainly achieved by regulating the abnormal expression of TRPA1 and TRPM8. Thus, these results could support the fact that interior-warming medicinal such as Alpinia Officinarum and Euodia Rutaecarpa are traditionally used to cure spleen-stomach deficiency cold syndrome.

The influence of the use of biologically active feed additive "Vetlaktoflor" to pregnant pigs on the performance of farrowing and the quality of the resulting young

Against the background of moving away from the use of antibacterial drugs in animal husbandry, preparations containing probiotics are becoming increasingly important. Such drugs have the ability to suppress and neutralize the action of conditionally pathogenic intestinal microflora, while maintaining the obligate microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals of different age groups. Feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" is one of the preparations in this direction. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the use of the Vetlaktoflor probiotic supplement, which is recommended for use in young animals, on the quality of the resulting young animals and their productive indicators during pregnancy. In the course of the research, 4 experimental groups of pregnant sows were formed. The control group without the use of the drug and 3 experimental groups, where the drug was used according to the following scheme: 2nd experimental group - the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" was used in animals 2 weeks before farrowing, 3rd experimental group - the active additive "Vetlaktoflor" was used in animals 2 months before farrowing , 4 experimental group - animals received the biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" twice during gestation: 2 months before farrowing and 2 weeks before farrowing. The probiotic was administered orally individually, at a dose of 8 ml per head, once a day, for 2 weeks. At the time of farrowing, the data on the number of stillborn and culled piglets were recorded, the mortality of piglets and the number of diarrhea were recorded within 2 decades after birth. The use of the feed biologically active additive "Vetlaktoflor" at the time of farrowing showed a decrease in the number of stillborn and culled piglets in the control groups. And if in the control group the number of stillborns was 7.4%, then in the experimental groups the highest figure was 2.8%, as well as the number of culled livestock in the control group was 11.7%, while in the experimental groups this indicator in its highest value was 6.6%, which indicates a higher farrowing rate. The mortality rate of young animals over two decades in the experimental groups had the highest rate of 2.8%, while in the control group it was 11.4%. At the same time, the number of cases of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of young animals in the experimental groups had the highest value of 8.92%, while in the control group it was 24.11%. The use of the probiotic "Vetlaktoflor" is effective in pig pregnancy, improving the performance of farrowing and the productivity of the resulting young.

Saccharomyces boulardii plus azithromycin is superior to azithromycin alone in reducing the duration of diarrhea in children with acute colitis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

Introduction: Diarrheal disorders remain a major disease burden throughout the world in pediatrics that remains a health problem. Several treatment methods have been proposed to treat diarrhea, however each of them has some problems. Objectives: The aim of this study was the evaluation the effect of oral Saccharomyces boulardii on the duration and severity of colitis. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study included ninety-four patients with acute colitis were enrolled. The children were divided randomly into case and control groups. The control group received supportive treatment including intravenous or oral fluid therapy (ORS solution), antibiotic treatment with azithromycin suspension, and zinc sulfate syrup daily for five days. In addition to the mentioned treatments, the intervention group received S. boulardii as a probiotic capsule. Then, the duration and severity of diarrhea based on the Vesikari score were evaluated for all the patients for five first days. Results: The mean of Vesikari score after the first day in both groups was similar, while after the third and fifth day in the probiotic group this score was lower than the control group (5.11 ± 1.73 versus 6.13 ± 2.25, P=0.031 and 2.36 ± 1.16 versus 4.28 ±1.19, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the number of diarrhea per day in the probiotic group was significantly lower after the first day in contrast to the control group, which remains significant at the end of the fifth day (2.32 ± 0.51 versus 2.83 ± 1.23, P=0.047). Moreover, we found that the diarrhea duration (P&lt;0.001), fever duration (P=0.029), and duration of hospitalization (P=0.006) were statistically lower in the case group as compared to the control. Conclusion: Saccharomyces boulardii had a beneficial effect as a probiotic agent in reducing the severity and duration of diarrhea, which could be beneficial for the treatment of colitis. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20161026030525N2); https://www.irct.ir/trial/24229; ethical code: IR.AJUMS.REC.1395.54.

Identification of Sanitation and Public Health’s Condition in Densely Populated Settlement at Coastal Area (Case Study: Kangkung, Bandar Lampung)

Environmental Sanitation is the health status of an environment which includes sewerage disposal facilities (include septic tank), waste disposal facilities, the provision of clean and drinking water, drainage. Environmental sanitation is requirements for a healthy environment. Sanitation of densely populated settlement in coastal area especially in Indonesia are mostly not in good condition. Sanitation conditions are closely related to public health. Sanitation that does not meet the requirements is the cause of environmental-based diseases like waterborne deseases, one of which is diarrhea. The purpose of this study is to identify the sanitation and public health conditions of people that living in densely populated settlements in the coastal areas of Kangkung sub-district, Bandar Lampung City. Surveys, observations, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to obtain the expected data in this study. The results of this study show that some sanitation conditions in densely populated coastal areas did not meet the requirements of good sanitation (based on SDGs) because the conditions of the houses are so tight that there are poor condition of drainage and the unavailability of waste disposal facilities. There are still The number of diarrhea and another deaseses was high. There are still have diarrhea cases in Kangkung even though they already have a good clean water supply. however, this may be related to the poor condition of garbage disposal and drainage in Kangkung.

FACTORS RELATED TO DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUSKESMAS PANCUR, 2020

Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases affecting children around the world. Diarrhea is the loss of fluids and electrolytes by defecating in the form of watery or watery stools more than 3 times a day with or without blood or mucus (Sudarti, 2015). Diarrhea is included in the top 10 disease category in Lingga Regency. The number of diarrhea at all ages in 2018 was 1665 people, data was obtained from 10 health centers in Lingga Regency. From the data of the Pancur Puskesmas, the incidence of diarrhea in children 1-5 years old has increased to 15% from 112 toddlers to 124 toddlers in 2020. Thus, the researchers wanted to examine the factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the working area of the Pancur Community Health Center in 2020. The sample of the study was mothers of children aged 7-59 months who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria which amounted to a large sample taken by looking at The number of population exceeds 100 then the number of samples taken is 30% of the total population (30/100 x 124 = 37 people). The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling (Ari Saryano, 2014). There is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about diarrhea and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years of work at the Pancur Puskesmas Health Center which is marked by a value of p = 0.011 &lt;? = 0.05 with X2 count = 9.024 There is a significant relationship between mothers' attitudes towards diarrhea and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the Work Area of the Pancur Puskesmas in 2020 which is marked by a value of p = 0.026 &lt;? = 0.05 with X2 count = 4.937. It is hoped that health workers can educate mothers who have toddlers about personal hygiene for toddlers so that toddlers can avoid diarrhea.

Poverty in Central Java using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Bootstrap Aggregating Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines

Population poverty is one of the serious problems in Indonesia. The percentage of population poverty used as a means for a statistical instrument to be guidelines to create standard policies and evaluations to reduce poverty. The aims of the research are to determine model population poverty using MARS and Bagging MARS then to understand the most influence variable population poverty of Central Java Province in 2018. The result of this research is the Bagging MARS model showed better accuracy than the MARS model. Since, GCV value in the Bagging MARS model is 0,009798721 and GCV value in the MARS model is 6,985571. The most influential variable poverty population of Central Java Province in 2018 in the MARS model is the percentage of the old school expectation rate (X9). Then, the most influential variable in the Bagging MARS model is the number of diarrhea (X1).

The Short-term Effects of Temperature on Infectious Diarrhea among Children under 5 Years Old in Jiangsu, China: A Time-series Study (2015\u20132019)

SummaryThe association between meteorological factors and infectious diarrhea has been widely studied in many countries. However, investigation among children under 5 years old in Jiangsu, China remains quite limited. Data including infectious diarrhea cases among children under five years old and daily meteorological indexes in Jiangsu, China from 2015 to 2019 were collected. The lag-effects up to 21 days of daily maximum temperature (Tmax) on infectious diarrhea were explored using a quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) approach. The cases number of infectious diarrhea was significantly associated with seasonal variation of meteorological factors, and the burden of disease mainly occurred among children aged 0–2 years old. Moreover, when the reference value was set at 16.7°C, Tmax had a significant lag-effect on cases of infectious diarrhea among children under 5 years old in Jiangsu Province, which was increased remarkably in cold weather with the highest risk at 8°C. The results of DLNM analysis implicated that the lag-effect of Tmax varied among the 13 cities in Jiangsu and had significant differences in 8 cities. The highest risk of Tmax was presented at 5 lag days in Huaian with a maximum RR of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.29). Suzhou which had the highest number of diarrhea cases (15830 cases), had a maximum RR of 1.04 (95% CI:1.03, 1.05) on lag 15 days. Tmax is a considerable indicator to predict the epidemic of infectious diarrhea among 13 cities in Jiangsu, which reminds us that in cold seasons, more preventive strategies and measures should be done to prevent infectious diarrhea.

Personal Hygiene Practices in 5th Grade Elementary School Students

Background: Personal hygiene is something that needs to be taken care of especially in elementary school-aged children. Data from the Srondol Community Health Center states that in 2017 the fifth-highest number of diarrhea occurred in elementary school-aged children. SDN Srondol Kulon 02 is a health promoting elementary school in the city of Semarang. Based on School Health Unit data, in 2018 there were 52 students from SDN Srondol Kulon 02 referred to the public health center because of diarrhea and 13 students referred to because of toothache. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence personal hygiene practices in 5th grade elementary school students at SDN Srondol Kulon 02.&#x0D; Methods: This study was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach using total sampling technique and questionnaire instrument. The sample was 98 5th grade students in SDN Srondol Kulon 02. Data was analyzed by using chi-square test and ordinal regression.&#x0D; Results: There was an influence between Knowledge (p= 0.037) attitudes (p= 0.009) support of teaching staff (p= 0.005) family support (p= 0.008) with personal hygiene practices and no influence between the support of health workers (p= 0.997) and PHBS facilities (p= 0.817) with personal hygiene practices.&#x0D; Conclusion: Support of teaching staff was the most influential in improving students’ personal hygiene practices.

Ondansetron treatment reduces rotavirus symptoms-A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

BackgroundRotavirus and norovirus cause acute gastroenteritis with severe diarrhoea and vomiting, symptoms that may lead to severe dehydration and death. The objective of this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study was to investigate whether ondansetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist could attenuate rotavirus- and norovirus-induced vomiting and diarrhoea, which would facilitate oral rehydration and possibly accelerate recovery and reduce need for hospitalization.MethodsChildren with acute gastroenteritis, aged 6 months to 16 years where enrolled (n = 104) and randomized to one single oral dose (0.15mg/kg) of ondansetron (n = 52) or placebo (n = 52). The number of diarrhoea and vomiting episodes during the 24 hours following treatment was reported as well as the number of days with symptoms. Pathogens in faeces were diagnosed by real-time PCR. Outcome parameters were analyzed for rotavirus- and norovirus-positive children.ResultsOne dose of oral ondansetron reduced duration of rotavirus clinical symptoms (p = 0.014), with a median of two days. Furthermore, ondansetron reduced diarrhea episodes, most pronounced in children that had been sick for more than 3 days before treatment (p = 0.028).ConclusionOndansetron may be a beneficial treatment for children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.Trial registrationEuropean Clinical Trial Database EudraCT 2011-005700-15.

FAKTOR DETERMINAN PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (CTPS) PADA MASYARAKAT DI TANAH KALIKEDINDING

One of the factors that are considered important for the development of social welfare inIndonesia is health. Based on data from the WHO, diarrhea and ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) is aninfectious disease remains a health problem in Indonesia. From the data obtained in 2015, it is knownthat the village Tanah Kalikedinding RW II (RT 07 and 11) has a health problem with the number ofdiarrhea and ARI are quite high, as many as 2.467 cases of diarrhea and 15.207 cases for patients withrespiratory infection. The purpose of this research is to fi nd information about the relationship betweenknowledge and attitudes toward behavior handwashing (CTPS) in the village Tanah Kalikedinding. Theresearch method is analytic with cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the wholecommunity in the village Tanah Kalikedinding. A total sample of 70 people were selected using simplerandom sampling. The research variables are gender, age, knowledge, education, employm ent, attitudesand behaviors CTPS. The primary data obtained from interviews and questionnaires, while secondarydata obtained from the data clinic. The results showed a determinant factor in the behavior of people inthe CTPS divided into three driving factors are gender, age, knowledge, education, employment, attitudesand behaviors CTPS, enabling factors such as facility and reinforcing factors are health workers. Itis necessary to attempt a programmed extension activities, sustainable, evaluation and monitoring atregular intervals in each program activity CTPS on society as well as involving cross-sector cooperationin every program CTPS on society.Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, behavior, CTPS

The Trend of Diarrhea in Kodi and Kodi Utara Subdistricts, Sumba Barat Daya District in 2013 and Its Related Factors

Diarrhea is one of the most frequent diseases occur globally, including Indonesia, with mostly infected children under five years old. Sumba Barat Daya (SBD) is one of area in Nusa TenggaraTimur (NTT) with limited water sources, including Kodi and Kodi Utara subdistricts. Kodi has riverthat is accessible for the population, while Kodi Utara has no clean water sources. The purpose ofthis study was to know the trend and prevalence of diarrhea in 2013, and its relation with age andthe availability of water sources Kodi and Kodi Utara, SBD district. This study used cross sectionaldesign using secondary data taken from local health service of SBD. This study found that numberof diarrhea cases in 2013 in the two subdistricts were fluctuated, with the highest cases belongedto population less than five years old. Prevalence of diarrhea in Kodi Utara (1.76%) was higherthan in Kodi (1.68%). Analytical test using chi square showed that prevalence of diarrhea in the twosubdistricts was significantly related to age (p 0.05). In conclusion, prevalence of diarrhea in Kodi and Kodi Utara was related to age, howeverit was not related with availability of water sources.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Shigellosis in Korea, 2010–2011

Shigellosis is a global disease as food poisoning by infection of Shigella spp (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei). In Korea, approximately 500 cases of shigellosis have reported every year since 2004, and imported shigellosis is increasing gradually from 2006 in particular. According to increase of numbers of overseas travelers, the numbers of patients diseased with imported shigellosis is also increasing. We need continuous surveillance studies network (SSN) for control of imported shigellosis. We studied epidemiological characteristic of imported shigellosis by using database of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) from 2010 to 2011. The imported shigellosis is analyzed on correlation with variable factors such as sex, age, symptom, visited country as well as Shigella spp in the database. Total 399 patients diseased with shigellosis have been reported between 2010 and 2011, The 212 patients (53.1%) among them were disease with imported shigellosis and the 205 patients (96.7%) were diagnosed as definite shigellosis. Shigella sonnei (65.6%) and Shigella flexneri (20.3%) were isolated in order. Clinical symptoms of the shigellosis were diarrhea (96.5%), abdominal pain (54.7%), fever (52.8%), chill (31.6%), and weakness (21.7% etc) in order. Duration of diarrhea was 1 to 5 days, the number of diarrhea was mostly more than 10 times, and type of stool was almost yellow stool. Almost shigellosis was occurred in the travelers visited to Asia (98.1%). Particularly, the occurrence rate of shigellosis was highest in traveler visited to Southeast Asia which is India (21.7%), Cambodia (19.8%), Philippines (17.9%), and Vietnam (9.0%) in order. According to increase of traveler to Southeast Asia, imported Shigellosis also increased. We need to strengthen the public health and hygiene, which is infection prevention rules, eating properly-cook food, washing hands, drinking boiled water, for traveler to Asia. The quarantine and surveillance system to control imported shigellosis is need continually in Korea.

Ondansetron Dosing in Pediatric Gastroenteritis

Ondansetron is increasingly used to prevent emesis in children with acute gastroenteritis; however, the optimal dose is unknown. To determine if higher doses of oral ondansetron are associated with greater efficacy or side effects. We analyzed data from a prospective clinical trial performed between January 2004 and April 2005. Data were collected on 105 children with dehydration due to gastroenteritis who received an ondansetron oral disintegrating formulation. The following outcomes of efficacy were analyzed: number of vomiting episodes, volume of oral rehydration fluids consumed, percent weight gain, and the proportions of children who had ongoing vomiting, received intravenous rehydration, and were hospitalized. In addition, the number of episodes of diarrhea was evaluated to measure whether there were dose-dependent side effects. Participants were aged 0.5-8.2 years and the dose ranged between 0.13 and 0.26 mg/kg. There was no significant association between the dose of ondansetron and the outcomes of number of vomiting episodes, volume of fluids consumed, increase in bodyweight, or number of diarrhea episodes/hour. The mean dose of ondansetron (mg/kg) administered was not different amongst those who did and did not have ongoing vomiting, undergo hospitalization, and receive intravenous rehydration. Within the dose range of 0.13-0.26 mg/kg, higher doses of ondansetron were not superior to lower doses, nor were they associated with increased side effects. Thus, ondansetron in this dose range was shown to result in a similar reduction in emesis in children with acute gastroenteritis.

Improving pre-operative bowel preparation in colorectal cancer patients

Objective To study the feasibility of improving pre-operative bowel preparation in colorectal cancer patients. Methods Sixty cases were randomly divided into two groups with thirty cases in each group. The experimental group was performed oral magnesium sulfate combination with glucose normal saline the day before surgery while the control group was conducted the ordinary pre-operative bowel preparation.All of the cases were tested for peripheral blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and part of the serum ion levels before and after bowel preparation. Weight was measured and intestinal flora was analyzed before and after surgery preparation. The number of diarrhea was counted in the process of bowel preparation and intestinal cleanliness was observed during operation. Patients' general condition and complications were observed before and after surgery. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group outperformed in terms of bowel preparation tolerance and the number of preoperative diarrhea(P＜0.05). Blood tests indicated that there was no significant difference in intestinal cleanliness between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the control group was higher than that in the experimental group, which, however,was not significant (P＞0.05). In the experimental group, no significant change of intestinal flora was observed, whereas intestinal flora changed significantly in the control group. Conclusions The revised bowel preparation for colorectal cancer patients is simple. It can shorten the process of bowel preparation, increase patients' tolerance, and prevent postoperative flora disorder. Key words: Colorectal cancer; Surgery; Bowel preparation; Magnesium sulfate

Anemia as a risk factor for infectious diseases in infants and toddlers: Results from a prospective study

Anemia due to iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of micronutrient malnutrition in the world, however, the causal relationship between anemia and infection remains unclear. We examined prospectively, the association between anemia and infection among Bedouin infants. We recruited 293 families and newborns from the Bedouin population, which is ongoing major lifestyle changes, during the periods of 1989-1992 and 1994-1997 and followed them to age 18 months. The number of diarrhea and respiratory disease episodes as well as total days of diarrhea were ascertained weekly. Hemoglobin levels were obtained at age 6 months. Additional data on feeding practices, environmental, household and demographic characteristics were obtained throughout the 18 months. Diarrhea before 6 months of age was found to be a risk factor for diarrhea after that age. After controlling for early morbidity < 6 months, anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) at 6 months was an independent risk factor for diarrhea and respiratory illness from 7 to 18 months of age. This associations remained significant even after controlling, in addition, for environmental and socio-economic factors. In the multivariable models, anemia at age 6 months increased the risk for diarrhea after that age by 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval 1.6 - 5.3; p = 0.001) and that of respiratory disease by 2-fold (1.1 - 3.7; p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that anemia may increase the rates of infections in toddlers. The possibility that reducing anemia in infants may be a preventive measure to lower disease burden from infectious disease in this and other vulnerable populations should be tested in further studies.

ロタウイルス感染症

Between January 1986 and December 1989, 957 fecal specimens were collected mainly from pediatric outpatients with acute gastroenteritis during the acute phase. Rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AV) antigens were found in 233 (24%) and 60 (6%) of these specimens, respectively. Seventy-five % of 76 RV antigen-positive specimens collected in 1989 were determined to be serotype 1. Although both RV and AV infections occurred slightly more often in boys than in girls, there were no significant differences. About 80% of the patients infected with RV or AV were at the age of below 2 years, and the youngest case was aged 2 months. The RV antigen was most frequently detected during the winter season in low temperature and low relative humidity. The detection rate of RV antigen had negative relation with mean temperature or mean relative humidity. Diarrhea in RV infection occurred 5.5 times/day on average, and the number of diarrhea per day was significantly higher in RV antigen-positive cases than in negative cases. The mean duration of diarrhea was 4.5 days. Diarrhea was significantly observed more in the watery or watery-whitish unformed ones than in other diarrhea. Vomiting occurred in 82% of the RV-infected cases, 4 times or less in a day. The duration of vomiting was as short as 1-2 days in about 90% of patients. Three symptoms (DFV symptoms), including diarrhea (D), fever (F) and vomiting (V), were more frequently observed in RV-infected cases than in the cases with non rotaviral infection.