Number Of Days For Flowering Research Articles

Varietal Evaluation of Gerbera under Shade Net Condition in Prayagraj Agroclimatic Condition

Gerberas are widely cultivated and have a significant market value due to their popularity as ornamental plants and their traditional medicinal uses. The global gerbera market includes various segments, such as cut flowers, potted plants, and medicinal products. Therefore, present investigation was carried out with title at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Winter-2022-23 to determine the performance of different varieties of gerbera for its growth and flowering. Under this experiment, overall, 8 varieties were used comprising of variety Shveen, Petali, Livia, Hiami, Deepti, 17026, Alcochate and Breakdance. The current study found that variety Hiami performed better in terms of characters like plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.13, 21.20 and 23.77 cm respectively); early for days to first flower bud emergence (39.43 DAP); days from bud to flowering (9.97 days); number of days for flowering from planting (54.53 DAP); number of days for peak flowering (58.17 DAP); maximum number of buds (10.63 buds); stalk length (64.77 cm); diameter of flower (9.33 cm) and yield per 200 m2 (11693 flowers). Variety Deepti performed better for parameters like number of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (7.53, 10.37 and 12.63 leaves respectively); plant spread at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (18.77, 26.13 and 35.30 cm respectively); Vase life (8.80 days); second highest for yield per 200 m2 (10263 flowers).

Hybrid evaluation for yield and yield attributes in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) during monsoon season

The present investigation aimed to evaluate Okra hybrids for growth and yield characteristics during the monsoon season in the dry and humid regions of Telangana. The experiment was conducted under augmented design with nineteen numbers of checks over 335 okra hybrids. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the traits under adjusted and unadjusted treatment effect and moreover checks also, except the number of days for flowering. The comparative mean performance deduced the hybrids like 21A014, 21A046, 21A064, 21A077, 21A079, 21A095, 21A112, 21A121, 21A181, 21A235, 21A252 and Check-12 has performed well under monsoon condition for various characters. The genetic parameter revealed that the traits like number of branches, stem internode distance (cm), average fruit weight (g), seed count, yield per plant (g/plant) and yield per hectare (t/ha) resulted in moderate Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), with high broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic Advance over Mean (GAM). The selected hybrids can be potentially evaluated for the summer season in various locations for yield prospective and viral tolerance.

Studies on Performance of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora T.) Varieties under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The objective of this study was to find out the most suitable variety for plant growth flower yield and quality of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora.T) under the agro climatic conditions of Prayagraj, India. The present experiment was carried out during October to March, 2021-2022 in Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 15 varieties which have been replicated 3 times. From the performed experimental it was conclude that the 15 chrysanthemum varieties under study showed significant variation in all the parameters observed. The variety Non pinch Non stick expressed significantly better performance in terms of height (35.77 cm), plant spread (22.90 cm²), average flower weight (11.4 g), flower yield per plant (134.15 g), shelf life (11 days).Variety Vijay took earliness for first flower bud initiation (38 days), which followed by Non pinch Non stick (41.47 days), the variety Vijay took less number of days (55 days) for flowering, but variety Non pinch Non stick took more number of days for flowering (59.7 days).The variety Pink Princes also reported significantly better performance in most of the parameters like number of primary branches (13.7), number of leaves (83.44),number of flower buds (44.00), number of flowers per plant (29.00), at par with the variety C₂₆, followed by Scarleteer. Hence, the varieties Non pinch Non stick and Pink Princes performed best varieties for cultivation in Prayagraj.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in pansy accessions (Viola spp.) using growth and flowering traits

The breeding programmes of floricultural crops lay prime stress on adding colour variability in the existing pool along with retention of other important vegetative and reproductive traits of the crop. The evaluation of accessions produced in breeding programmes of pansy in the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2019-21was conducted with twenty accessions for vegetative and flowering traits. Maximum plant height was recorded in A-12 (37.4 cm), maximum plant spread in A-13 (42.1 cm) and highest number of branches in A-11 (21.6). The accession A-5 took maximum number of days (63.9days) for flowering whereas the minimum number of days for flowering (56.5 days) was taken by accession A-14. Among all the tested accessions, the maximum duration of flowering was recorded in A-5 (96.1 days). Amongst the pansy accessions, A-11 was maximum flower producing (91.1), while A-3 produced the largest flowers (4.8cm) and flower from A-20 had longest stalk (11 cm). Correlation analysis further showed that the number of flowers per plant was affected by plant vegetative traits (plant height,spread and number of branches). Cluster analysis based on morphological data divided the accessions into three groups. These variations might help in classifying pansy for pot cultivation, bedding and exhibition purposes, which could be beneficial for breeders and growers.

Inoculação de sementes com espécies endofíticas de Induratia na produtividade do feijoeiro

ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous species of great economic and nutritional importance worldwide, and thus the development of management strategies to promote plant growth and increase grain yield of legumes is of great interest to farmers. The growth-promoting effects of the symbiosis of endophytic microorganisms in plants have been exploited in several crops. This study investigated the effects of Induratia sp. endophytic fungi on the growth and grain yield of seed-inoculated common bean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse during two growing seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth and yield-related parameters such as plant height, root length, leaf index, number of days for flowering, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were evaluated. The grain yield of plants inoculated with Induratia coffeana strains CML 4018 and CML 4020 and Induratia sp. strain CML 4015 increased by 52.5%, 48.9%, and 56.4% compared to the non-inoculated control, respectively. Seed inoculation of common bean plants with endophytic fungi species of the genus Induratia showed a beneficial interaction as indicated by the recorded increase in grain yield. The present pioneering study could provide the means for developing crop management strategies for enhancing common bean crop productivity.

Response of chilli pepper to different irrigation schedules and mulching technologies in semi-arid environments

The impacts of climate change on food security have increased interest in research and investments in irrigation technologies and agricultural water management. Agricultural practices such as mulching help to conserve soil moisture by reducing evaporation and mitigate the adverse effects of water stress on crops, especially in semi-arid environments. This study investigated the combined effects of irrigation schedules and different mulching technologies on the growth and yield of two varieties of chilli pepper – Legon 18 ( Capsicum frutescens L.) and Kpakpo shito ( Capsicum chinense ) – in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana. Soil temperature and moisture content as well as plant growth parameters were collected over the growth period. The number of days taken for first and 50% flowering and fruiting were also recorded. Total fruit yield and crop water productivity were estimated after harvest. Results show that the combination of irrigation at 100% E T c r o p every three days and rice straw mulch ensured optimal soil temperature and moisture content that improved vegetative growth, shortened the number of days to flowering and fruiting, and significantly improved yield and water use efficiency compared to the other treatment combinations. Fruit yield for this treatment combination was up to 19,042.2 kg/ha and 19,074.6 kg/ha whereas crop water productivity was up to 6.08 kg/m 3 and 6.09 kg/m 3 for Legon 18 and Kpakpo shito, respectively. Plastic film mulch under each irrigation schedule produced higher growth and yield-related parameters than no mulch treatments. Although findings from this study cannot be directly generalized for the entire Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana due to spatial variability of soil and other climatic variables, the combination of irrigation schedule at 100% E T c r o p every three days and rice straw mulch is recommended for improved yield and water use efficiency in dry season chilli pepper production in semi-arid environments with sandy loam soils. • We investigate the response of chilli pepper to different irrigation schedules and mulching in sandy-loam soils. • Rice straw mulch ensured optimum soil temperature and moisture retention. • Less frequent irrigation and more water shortened the number of days for flowering and fruiting. • Rice straw mulch and irrigation at 100% ET crop every 3 days produced the best CWP. • This combination is recommended for dry season chilli pepper production in the Guinea Savannah zone of Ghana.

Genetic Mapping for Agronomic Traits in IAPAR 81/LP97-28 Population of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions.

One of the significant challenges of common bean breeding is developing cultivars with high yields under drought conditions. The present study attempted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identify molecular markers that are linked to drought tolerance in the common bean. We evaluated 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between the carioca cultivars IAPAR 81 (drought tolerant) and LP97-28 (susceptible to drought). In 2014 and 2015, two experiments were conducted (DS—drought stress, and NS—no drought stress). In the DS experiment, water suppression was performed at the flowering stages R5 to R6. The results of our experiments showed that drought conditions play an essential role in reducing most of the traits that were evaluated. RILs under drought conditions reduced the grain yield by 62.03% and 24% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We identified 15 quantitative trait loci distributed on the chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11, related to grain yield, seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of days for flowering, and number of days to maturity. The characteristics of seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, and number of days to maturity showed that QTLs colocalized on Pv07. Identifying QTLs that are linked to drought tolerance in the RIL population IAPAR 81 × LP97-28 is of particular importance for common bean breeding programs seeking to improve carioca beans that are cultivated in regions with drought conditions, such as Brazil.

Agronomic Performance and Heterosis in Common Bean Genotypes

The agronomic performance and heterosis of common bean genotypes were evaluated using the diallel cross between two cultivars IPR Uirapuru and IPR Campos Gerais and five local varieties BGU-1, BGU-7, BGU-13, BGU-36 and BGU-36 and its 21 possible diallel hybrids. The treatments were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design with ten replications, at the Empresa Mato-Grossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER), in the county of Cáceres, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The characteristics were evaluated: average number of days for emergence, number of days for flowering, average height of insertion of the first pod, average final height of plants, average stem diameter, average longitudinal length of pods, average total number of pods per plant, average number of seeds per pod, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds and grain production. Based on the set of analysis performed and the characteristics evaluated, it can be concluded that for the increase in production the combinations composed by the parents IPR Uirapuru × BGU-1, IPR Uirapuru × BGU-6, BGU-7 × BGU-1, BGU -7 × BGU-36, BGU-1 × BGU-36, BGU-25 x BGU-36 and BGU-13 × BGU-36 showed positive

Effect of sowing season on soybean performance

The soybean presents great economic expression and high impact in the Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential of a cultivar is expressed according to the genetic constitution and the environment. The sowing time exerts influence on the agronomic traits of the soybean, impacting the yield of grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sowing season on the productive potential and the agronomic traits of soybean. The work was conducted at the Capim Branco experimental farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. Twelve cultivars (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) and four sowing seasons (October 22, November 5, December 22, 2016 and January 5, 2017) were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. The evaluated characters were: number of days for flowering and maturity, plant height at maturity, insertion height for the first pod, number of nodes at maturity, total number of pods, number of tainted pods and productivity. The sowing carried out in October and November contributed to obtain a larger number of nodes and a greater height of plants at maturity, which are agronomic traits favorable to higher productivity. Sowing delay seriously affected soybean yield and in the Uberlândia MG region the ideal sowing time was October 22, before the beginning of November. In the late sowing in December and January, the cultivars that had their productions less affected were the conventional cultivars BRSMG 68 and TMG 801.

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY, DEPTH OF PLANTING AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF Iris hollandica

The experiment was conducted at a nursery in the city of Baghdad, during the time 2013/2014 season. The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of four planting density (1, 2, 3 and 4 bulbs pot-1 ), three depth of planting (3, 6, and 9 cm) and two levels of NPK fertilization (0 and 100 mg L -1) on growth and flowering of Iris hollandica cv. Prof. Blaauw. The studied parameters included number of days to flowering, plant height, flower diameter, flowering stem diameter, flowering stem fresh weight, vase life, fresh weight of new bulbs and fresh weight of bulblets. Plant density at (one bulb pot-1 ) produced the highest plant, largest flower, best stem diameter and heaviest fresh weight of flowering stem, while it gave the lowest fresh weight of bulbs and bulblets per pot. Depth of planting had a significant effects in increasing the number of days to flowering and fresh weight of the new bulbs, while it significantly decreased the fresh weight of the flowering stem. Fertilization significantly increased stem diameter, fresh weight of flowering stem and fresh weight of bulblets, while it significantly decreased the number of days to flowering. Interaction between depth of planting and fertilization and between plant density and fertilization had a significant effect on number of days for flowering and fresh weight of flowering stem respectively.

GYT Biplot Analysis: A New Approach for Cowpea Line Selection

Cowpea beans is grown under different edaphoclimatic conditions throughout Brazilian regions causing them to perform differently due to the influence that environments have on genotypes. Thus, it is necessary to obtain lines adapted to the specific cultivation environments so that it can present high yield. The objective of this work was to select cowpea lines through the GYT biplot multivariate analysis. The experiment was carried out in Bom Jesus de Itabapoana, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in the 2016 and 2017 harvests. The randomized block design was performed with four replications and four lines per plot. Variance analyzes and biplot plots were applied for the number of days of flowering, final planting, harvest value, housing, pod yield, length, average number of beans per pod, average grain weight per pod and grain weight. The analysis of variance showed that there is genetic variability among the strains, requiring a detailed study to select those with the best agronomic performance. The first two major components of the biplot chart explained almost all of the variation between strains. All yield characteristics were negatively correlated with the set of productivity combinations with housing and number of days for flowering. Lines 3, 10, 4, 2, 6, 12, 7 and 11 showed better average performance for yield characteristics.

Morphologic variability in Portuguese Mentha cervina accessions

M. cervina is traditionally used in Alentejo to flavor fish and fish soups, as well as for its medicinal properties. In Portugal it is a rare species, occurring in river banks and other damp and wet places, which require a longer flooded period that is characteristic of the Natura 2000 priority habitat 'temporary deep ponds' (3130 pt5). This study was based on 30 accessions from backyards and natural habitat collected during 2002-2003 in the Alentejo region. Further collections in natural habitat were achieved in 2005, accounting a total of 17 accessions from natural habitat. From each sample, 15 plants were observed, during 2 years growing seasons. Data from 33 morphological descriptors were submitted to multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. High morphologic variability in the species is confirmed by its high statistical difference between accessions on most of the morphologic descriptors. The initial list of 33 morphologic descriptors was reduced to a proposal list of 14 descriptors, measuring plant architecture features, productivity indicators and also phenology descriptors: plant height, biomass, basal leaf length (cm), basal leaf width (cm), inflorescence 1st leaf length (cm), inflorescence 1st leaf width (cm), number of days for flowering (date), main stem length (cm), main stem diameter - basal, main stem diameter - below inflorescence, main stem - number of nodes below inflorescence, main stem - number of branches below inflorescence, number of flowers in half of the 1st verticillaster, number of flowered verticillasters. A list of selected accessions with high crop production potential is also presented.

Grain Yield in Indirect Selection for Multiple Characters in Upland Rice

The aim of the present study was to compare the selection performed by the sum of standardized variables index (Z Index) with the selection based only on the grain yield character, to verify if the grain yield alone is a good alternative for the selection involving multiple characters. The experiments were conducted in Lavras-MG and in Lambari-MG, during the 2015/2016 agricultural year. The used design was the randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Thirty-six genotypes of the preliminary trial of upland rice breeding program of the Federal University of Lavras were evaluated. In order to compose the Z index, the following characteristics were evaluated: grain yield, height, number of days for flowering, 1000-grain weight, income, yield, leaf blast incidence, and grain length/width ratio. Z index was efficient in the selection for multiple characters whereas not all lines with the highest grain yield obtained good results in the other desirable characteristics, indicating that the selection based only on grain yield is not efficient when working with several characters of interest in upland rice cultivation.

Combinatorial analysis of agronomic characters in soybean

ABSTRACT Evaluation of the genetic potential of parent plants is fundamental for obtaining superior populations with desirable agronomic characters. The aim of this work was to obtain estimates of the general and specific combining abilities of five soybean parents to identify the most promising parents and hybrid combinations for the development of superior genotypes for grain yield. In this study, two groups of soybean cultivars were selected: group I resistance (UFUS 7910 and BR/MG 46 Conquista) and group II (TMG 4182, TMG 4185 and BRSGO Chapadões). The parents were crossedin a 2 x 3 partial diallel scheme, and the experiment was analyzed according to Griffing’s (1956) parent and F1 model and adapted by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988). Six hybrid combinations and respective parents were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The following characters were evaluated: number of days for flowering and maturity, height of the plant in flowering and at maturity, number of nodes in flowering and at maturity, number of total pods and grain yield per plant. The BR/MG 46 Conquista, UFUS 7910 and BRSGO Chapadões parents contributed to obtaining productive segregant populations due to additivity for the total number of pods and grain yield per plant. The hybrid combinations BRSGO Chapadões x BR/MG 46 Conquista, BRSGO Chapadões x UFUS 7910 and TMG4182 x BR/MG 46 Conquista are promising for obtaining populations with high productive potential.

Características agronómicas da mucuna-preta em diferentes épocas de sementeira

The velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum L.) is an annual legume, used as a green manure because of its high potential for nitrogen fixation. In cane fields, with mechanized harvesting of sugarcane, this species has been transformed into an infesting plant, as it presents a pattern of seed germination stepped which makes difficult its management. In this research was to evaluate the influence five sowing seasons (November, December, January, February and March) on the life cycle and productive potential of the velvet bean. The trial was installed in 2013/2014. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. The plant velvet bean trellises were used in the study to support velvet bean growth, simulating infestation in sugarcane. The number of days for flowering, number of pods per raceme, number of seeds per pod, number of days to dehiscence of the fruit, seed yield, seed weight and lifecycle length , were evaluated times of sowing. It was concluded that the velvet bean responds to the sowing season, presenting a reduction in the life cycle and a decrease in seed production.

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND SELECTION OF EXTRA-EARLY COWPEA PROGENIES

ABSTRACT The precocity of cowpea is important because it indicates the possibility of increasing and/or stabilizing production in regions with long periods of drought. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variability and select extra-early cowpea progenies. Fifteen F3:6 progenies were evaluated in 2014 while sixty-two F7 progenies were evaluated in 2015. Two commercial cultivars were used in experiments performed in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, CE. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDF), number of days for maturity (NDM), plant height (PH), pod length (PL), number of seeds per pod (NSP), number of grains per plant (NGP), weight of 100 grains (W100G) and total weight (MTOT). Data were analyzed in lattice and RBD, according to the methodology of mixed models by the REML/BLUP procedure. Also, the components of variance and genetic values were estimated. Variability among progenies, high heritability and high accuracy were identified for all traits. For NDF and NDM, the progenies presented higher behavior than the controls. The lattice arrangement contributed to a greater gain with the selection of NDF, NDM, PH, NSP, NGP and WTOT. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 41, 43 and 52 are among the top ten because they have high genetic values in three or more traits. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 and 52 highlight extra-earliness (precocity).

Research Article Inheritance of Precocity and of Agronomic Characters in Soybean

Precocious soybean cultivars enable crop rotation and low pressure to the biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to determinate the inheritance of characters related to precocity and agronomic characters in soybean segregating population, coming from contrasting genitors to cycle. The experiment was conducted at a greenhouse located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to Federal University of Uberlândia. The MG/BR 46 Conquista and UFUS 6901 cultivars were used to bi-parental crossing and acquirement of F1 and F2 populations. The individuals of the genitors, F1 and F2 populations were evaluated to eight characters and the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances, broad-sense heritability, average degree of dominance and gene number were determined. The average for number of days for flowering and number of days to maturity in the F1 generation was 40.26 and 103.52 days and in the F2 generation was 37.85 and 105.88 days, respectively, which fits into the classification of semi-precocious. The heritability varied from 2.36% for number of grains per pod – controlled by 160 genes, to 85.39% for number of days for maturing – controlled by two genes. On the F2 population, the existence of transgressed segregates was found, except for number of days to maturity, number of nodes and intersection height of the first pod. It was concluded that the genetic variance and heritability of the agronomic characters of the F2 population, allows the acquirement of selection of superior individuals in terms of precocity, height, number of nodes and compounds of productivity, being promising genotypes in the soybean breeding program

Evaluation of genetic diversity among soybean (Glycine max) genotypes using univariate and multivariate analysis.

The genetic diversity study has paramount importance in breeding programs; hence, it allows selection and choice of the parental genetic divergence, which have the agronomic traits desired by the breeder. This study aimed to characterize the genetic divergence between 24 soybean genotypes through their agronomic traits, using multivariate clustering methods to select the potential genitors for the promising hybrid combinations. Six agronomic traits evaluated were number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height at flowering and maturity, insertion height of the first pod, and yield. The genetic divergence evaluated by multivariate analysis that esteemed first the Mahalanobis' generalized distance (D2), then the clustering using Tocher's optimization methods, and then the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Tocher's optimization method and the UPGMA agreed with the groups' constitution between each other, the formation of eight distinct groups according Tocher's method and seven distinct groups using UPGMA. The trait number of days for flowering (45.66%) was the most efficient to explain dissimilarity between genotypes, and must be one of the main traits considered by the breeder in the moment of genitors choice in soybean-breeding programs. The genetic variability allowed the identification of dissimilar genotypes and with superior performances. The hybridizations UFU 18 x UFUS CARAJÁS, UFU 15 x UFU 13, and UFU 13 x UFUS CARAJÁS are promising to obtain superior segregating populations, which enable the development of more productive genotypes.

Protecting vegetable cultivars in Brazil: a chili pepper case-study research

ABSTRACT: In all countries, members of the UPOV (Union Internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Végétales), of which Brazil is a signatory, to protect a new plant variety is necessary to carry out DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) tests. DUS testing forCapsicum spp. is based on 48 descriptors, which involve qualitative and quantitative traits, observed from germination to fruit harvest. This paper describes the performance of DUS tests on lines of chili peppers, which are candidates for protection; we discuss the main aspects related to operational difficulties, the relevance of some descriptors for the protection process and highlight the importance of protecting new plant varieties as national intellectual property. Four C. annuum var.annuum recombinant inbred lines were tested. The Capsicum Breeding Program of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro developed the lines, which are resistant to bacterial spot. They were tested under greenhouse conditions from June to November 2013; and from January to July 2014 in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The 'Jalapeño M' commercial genotype was used as control and treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with seven plants per plot with five replications. Besides the 48 descriptors, stipulated by legislation for Capsicum DUS testing, we included a descriptor for bacterial spot resistance. The descriptors that enabled distinction varied with each line. Although being distinctive for some descriptors, L1 and L2 lines were neither homogeneous nor stable. L6 and L8 recombined lines were characterized by homogeneity and stability. Fruit shape, capsaicin presence, number of days for flowering and bacterial spot resistance were descriptors that allowed for differentiation between treatments. In conclusion, the L6 and L8 recombined lines met the DUS test requirements; therefore, they may be subjected to the protection process with the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply.

Genetic divergence among common bean cultivars from precocious group

The objective of this work was to select parents to start a program of site breeding of common bean from the precocious group, by using morphological and agronomic traits under field conditions at EMPAER experimental unit located in Caceres County, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Experimental design used was a randomized complete blocks, with three replications. The following characters were evaluated: number of days for flowering; plant cycle; medium plant height; medium height of first pod; medium of pod length; medium number of pods per plant; medium number of seeds per plant; medium number of seeds per pod; medium seeds weight and grain yield. Univariate variances analyses were used, Tukey test at 1% probability and besides cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis ’ generalized distance and UPGMA hierarchical method, through GENES software. Cultivars with the potential to be introduced into local improvement according to the analysis proceeded program are Irai, Carioca, Carioca Pitoco, Bambui and CNF 6911, due to their larger divergence and different agricultural potential for the characteristics that are important to the program as productivity and precocity.