Number Of Current Problems Research Articles

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PRESCHOOL PEDAGOGY

Preschool pedagogy has a rich history of development: in the 20 th century, a large number of fundamental and applied problems were studied and investigated. Numerous theoretical, experimental and applied researches have made it possible to form the theoretical foundations of preschool pedagogy, to justify the methods and technologies of studying the education and development of children in the preschool age. However, there are still a number of current problems and promising directions for research. The main reasons for their emergence are mainly changes in the political, economic and other spheres of social life. The transition to new socio-economic conditions significantly changes the new view of the pre-school education system, the characteristics of childhood and the child's position in the system of social relations. The development of preschool pedagogy requires the need to further develop new technologies for training and education of children, concepts that are acceptable for modern life conditions and can enrich the experience of preschool education.

Specifics of Railway Development in Russia

The state of rail transport in Russia today cannot be commended, considering that the leading countries in the industry are sometimes several times more efficient than Russia. A number of current problems, such as the lack of high-speed railways, the underdeveloped rail network, the monopoly of one company and, consequently, the unreasonably high prices for transportation, need to be resolved as soon as possible. Improvements in this area will help railways to be competitive among other transport: today, transportation by rail is slower than it could be and more expensive. Solutions need to be found that will soon solve the existing range of problems and also allow the railway industry to continue making a major contribution to the country's economy. Russia is a potentially game-changing country in this industry: it has a huge area, which means there should be no problems in accommodating the HSL. Besides, the country has good engineers trained in this field, and the investments made into changing the railroad sector would allow the country to develop at a pace similar to that of China, for instance.

Teaching languages in a multicultural setting: Perspectives of a unique cohort of language teachers –at the Victorian School of Languages

Within Australia, the State of Victoria has the greatest ethnic diversity and the largest number of second languages used at home. It also has the highest rates of students participating in language learning at school. It is also home to the country’s largest and oldest government school for second language learning - the Victorian School of Languages (VSL) which currently teaches 45 languages to approximately 16.000 students in 40 centres across the state. This paper develops a profile of the human capital of language teachers at the VSL and explores their views, which have until now been unexplored. It draws on an extensive anonymous survey of the VSL staff (mostly teachers) with over 552 responses. The results are both predictable and yet diverse. The findings show that the staff at the VSL are demographically a unique group, as they represent a rich gathering of cultural and linguistic diversity that is unlikely to be matched in any other institution in Australia. This paper presents the views of this exceptional cohort who work in a specialised environment that proudly holds the teaching of languages as its “core business”. The survey revealed that staff are highly enthusiastic and strongly believe in the role that their school is playing in nurturing multilingualism and multiculturalism in the state of Victoria. But it also showed their deep concerns about a number of current problems in the field of languages education in Australia. It also revealed that there is currently a fragmentation of opinion on the best label for languages as a curriculum area. This paper argues that the considerations of the staff at this specialist institution are highly developed and can therefore be seen as a beacon for the concerns of professionals in the field of languages education in other educational settings in Australia and overseas.

Political, socio-demographic and economic aspects of state instability as a factor of external influence in Ukraine: a sociological perspective

The article describes the descriptive characteristics of demographic and economic factors of state weakening in their multicausal interactions, which is based on the analysis of empirical indicators of state instability of the demographic and economic sphere, proposed by the Peace Foundation and partial logical extrapolation of these indicators to the social reality of Ukraine. As a result of research the following conclusions are formulated. The analysis of the factors of weakening of the state power in Ukraine allows to carry out their conditional hierarchy which will be defined by features of a social-institutional and social-group profile of the Ukrainian society. It is stated that the weakening of state power over the past 5 years can be considered both as the root cause and as a consequence of external influence. At the same time, it was emphasized that the external influence on the functioning of state institutions, the economy, and the mass media took place at the start of Ukrainian independence. It is noted that at the level of a formal constitutional act Ukraine was declared an independent and sovereign state, in social practices one could observe an unspoken (shadow) restriction of sovereignty by the presence of infiltrated groups of influence of other states (including Russia, USA, EU countries) in parliament, bodies executive power in general and special services in particular. It is noted that their very presence, on the one hand, was a consequence of the instability of the borders of identity of the political space of Ukraine, its power and information depressurization, on the other hand - the weakness of cultural filters, which was expressed in cult attitude to actors of foreign origin.It is emphasized that these actors of external influence did not (and could not) have an interest in strengthening Ukrainian statehood, and therefore created a regime of ignorance and silence to solve a number of current problems and crises, from cultural to environmental. It is noted that at the same time, it is impossible to remove some responsibility for maintaining such a regime from ordinary citizens, who, as bearers of Soviet political culture, are accustomed to building relations with the state in the usual paternalistic format. It was stated that the consequences of covert external influence and its ignorance and tacit indulgence by the population were protest movements, which grew into the Orange Revolution of 2005 and the Revolution of Dignity of 2014.Attention is focused on the fact that the "coefficient of usefulness" of these events for Ukrainian society (except for the ruling elites) remains quite insignificant. Permanent fragmentation of state power and its delegitimization continue, crisis phenomena in the economy become more complicated and intensified, environmental problems are postponed, however, they steadily affect the creation of discontent groups. It is summarized that all this highlights the need for sociological reflection and implementation of management strategies to overcome the crisis, part of which is a multi-causal study of external influence on Ukraine, which has been the subject of analysis in this article and future publications.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ НАДРОКОРИСТУВАННЯ У НАФТОГАЗОВІЙ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА АКТУАЛЬНІ ЗАДАЧІ

The article deals with the need to restructure and modernize Ukraine's economy in modern conditions. The analysis of the distribution of licenses for oil and gas and mineral resources specified in breach implementation phases and stages of exploration for oil and gas. Identified reserves and ways to increase production of oil and gas in Ukraine. Addressing subsoil causes a number of current problems of oil and gas subsoil use, namely, rational use, planning the optimal approaches and methods of process mineral resources, the need to increase the volume of exploration work in the extraction of mineral resources in Ukraine, etc. Key words: subsoil use, license, special permit, oil and gas region of Ukraine References Valyaev B.М., Dmitrievskiy А.N. 1991. The unity of the genesis of fossil fuels - a new basis. Degassing of the Earth and Geotectonics. Abstracts of the III All-Union Conference. M., Nauka, P. 124-126 (in Russian). Yevdoschuk M.I., Stryzhak V.P., Zits A.P., Vasilinenko L.M., Klochko V.P. 2013. Recent job subsoil oil and gas industry in Ukraine. Mineral resources of Ukraine. № 4. P. 41-44 (in Ukrainian). Stages and stage of exploration for oil and gas. 1999. Ukraine Committee on Geology and mineral resources. Kyiv. 17 p. (in Ukrainian). Klyukin V.D. 2000. Mining relations in Western Europe and America. Publishing house Gorodets, 180 p (in Russian). Koldaev S.V. 2003. The contractual forms in subsoil use on the right of Russia and foreign countries. Some issues of contract law of Russia and foreign countries. Collection of papers of graduate students and young scientists. Edited by T.E. Abovoi. Moskow, P. 169-175 (in Russian). Lukin A.E. Hydrocarbon potential of the great depths and perspectives of its development in Ukraine. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. 2014. №5. P. 31-36 (in Russian).https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v36i4.2014.112455 Martynenko I.I., Krasnozhon M.D., Pryharina T.M., Starinskiy V.A., Unic N.V. 2015. The fund oil and gas facilities in the regions of Ukraine as of 01.01.2015 p. Kyiv, UkrDGRI, 49 p. (in Ukrainian). Oil and gas sector in Ukraine: progress and individual. 2012. Kyiv, Logos Ukraine, 327 p. (in Ukrainian). Rudko G., Kurilo M., Radovanov S. 2011. Geological and economic evaluation of mineral deposits. Kyiv, ADEF-Ukraine, 367 p (in Ukrainian). Shpak P.F. 1996. Ukraine oil and gas issues and ensure its hydrocarbons. Geological journal. №1-2. P. 113-117 (in Ukrainian). Yudin V.V., Gerasimov M.E. Fold-thrust structures and petroleum potential of the south of Ukraine. Materials of scientific nauk-practical conference. «Science and Gas Ukraine». Kharkiv, Ukrainian Oil and Gas Academy, 1996. Vol. 1. P. 220-222 (in Russian).

Flexner Redux

Medical education in the 20th century has been vastly influenced by the Carnegie Foundation Flexner Report. The basic tenets of the modern four-year medical curriculum and the dominant role of the associated university teaching hospital were cemented into place and have remained the paradigm of the present-day medical educational process. The Flexner Report contributed importantly to the development of the modern health-care system. Despite enormous success, a number of current problems have been identified in today's medical educational curricula and have catalyzed the generation of a new Carnegie Foundation report that emphasizes the building of strong bridges across the artificial divide that separates the basic science and clinical years and lays the foundation for the growth and development of translational medicine. In addition, the report raises crucial issues regarding a national medical workforce policy.

Quasistatic waves of hydrogravity generated in the galactic interstellar medium by a pulsating neutron star

Based on principles of classical hydrodynamics and Newtonian gravity, the theory of hydrogravity, formulated in the manner of hydromagnetic theory, is developed to account for the gravitational effect of global pulsations of a star on the motions of the ambient gas-dust interstellar medium. Analytic derivation of the dispersion relation for canonical gravity waves at the free surface of an incompressible in viscid liquid is presented, illustrating practical usefulness of the proposed approach, heavily relying on the concept of classical gravitational stress introduced long ago by Fock and Chandrasekhar, and accentuating the shear character of this mode. Particular attention is given to gas-dynamical oscillations of a similar physical nature generated by a pulsating neutron star in an unbounded spherical shell of gas and dust promoted by circumstellar gravitational stresses and damped by viscosity of the interstellar matter. Computed in the long-wavelength approximation, the periods of these gravity-driven shear modes, referred to as quasistatic modes of hydrogravity, are found to be proportional to periods of the gravity modes in the neutron star bulk. Given that collective oscillations of cosmic plasma in the wave under consideration should be accompanied by electromagnetic radiation and taking into account that only the radio waves of this radiation can freely travel through the galactic gas-dust clouds, it is conjectured that the considered effect of gravitational coupling between seismic vibrations of a neutron star and fluctuations of the galactic interstellar medium should manifest itself in the radio range of pulsar spectra. Some useful implications of the theory developed here to a number of current problems of asteroseismology are briefly discussed.

New siloxane polymers for stable flexible film coatings with versatile properties

Elastic films with a unique range of properties are obtained based on this new class of silicon block copolymers containing rigid silicon fragments with a particular structure. This makes it possible to recommend the use of this material for solving a number of current problems in technology and medicine.

Personal Problem-Solving Scoring of TAT Responses: Known-Groups Validation

Two studies employed a known-groups validation strategy to evaluate a Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) scoring system purported to measure personal problem-solving skills, the Personal Problem-Solving System (PPSS). In Study 1 clinicians rated the records of 46 mental health outpatients for the presence of personal problem-solving skills deficits. Verbatim TAT transcripts from these patients were blindly scored using the PPSS. Participants predicted to demonstrate problem-solving deficits obtained lower PPSS scores. In Study 2 a psychiatric sample (n = 47) and a community-based comparison group (n = 47) completed a life history questionnaire, a checklist of problems currently experienced, a measure of psychiatric symptoms, and responded to 3 TAT cards. TAT responses were again blindly scored using the PPSS. In contrast to the comparison group, psychiatric patients checked a greater number of current problems, endorsed more psychiatric symptoms, and obtained lower scores on the PPSS. A discriminant function analysis using PPSS scores correctly classified 72% of these participants. PPSS scores predicted group membership even after controlling for differences in age, education, the number of problems experienced, and psychiatric symptoms. This combination of variables correctly classified 92% of the participants. Results of both studies are interpreted as supporting the discriminant validity of the PPSS.

Current Problems in 21 cm Line Studies of the Large-Scale Structure of the Galaxy

A number of current problems in 21 cm line studies of the Galaxy as a whole are discussed. Because of the difficulties involved with straightforward mapping, it is important to isolate integrated and other properties of the hydrogen profiles, the interpretation of which does not require accurate distance determinations. In addition, methods of analysis are necessary which either account for or exploit the sensitivity of hydrogen profiles to velocity irregularities and to geometrical configurations. The model-fitting approach to the interpretation of the hydrogen profiles is useful in this respect. Extragalactic hydrogen studies which show the relative ordering of the various components of spiral structure can inspire research in our own Galaxy. Such investigations are necessary for an understanding of the forces governing the spiral structure. It seems that the neutral hydrogen is primarily a tracer of locations where the overall distribution of stars is producing a gravitational sink. Other spiral tracers, in particular the molecules, are better considered as tracers of regions where the gas has been compressed, perhaps (at least on a large scale) by the shock front predicted by the density-wave theory.

EDUCATION

This communication represents an effort to discharge the obligation implied by Spence: "The care of patients in hospitals is a subject which demands scientific study, and experience based on such study. . . . The need for this is greatest of all in children's hospitals." The program presented here attempts to deal with a number of current problems in patient care and pediatric education through the development of an adequately staffed and equipped diagnostic center in the outpatient department, a new arrangement for domiciliary care, and reorganization of the inpatient service for the provision of intensive medical, surgical and nursing care.

Struma lymphomatosa (Hashimoto's struma); review of fifty-one cases with a discussion of the endocrinologic aspects.

SINCE the original description of struma lymphomatosa by Hashimoto in 1912, much confusion has arisen in the literature concerning the diagnosis, pathology, and therapy of this clinicopathologic entity. The present study is a review of 51 cases of struma lymphomatosa seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Since the literature is lacking in reports of some of the newer laboratory methods of studying thyroid function in struma lymphomatosa, it is one of the purposes of this paper to describe such observations. Serum protein-bound-iodine determinations, radioactive-iodine (I 131 ) tracer studies, and radioautographs were obtained on several of the patients in the present series. These help to throw additional light on a number of current problems. The etiological basis of struma lymphomatosa is unknown. Various theories have been advanced to explain the picture of this entity. These hypotheses will be mentioned later in the section under Comment. METHODS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL There