Number Of Bulbs Research Articles

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Media Arang Sekam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)

Shallots are known as a type of spice for food flavoring and also as a traditional medicine whose benefits have been felt by the wider community. The production of shallots in Sijunjung Regency has not shown optimal results even though NPK fertilizers have been used. To overcome this, it is necessary to add organic fertilizers such as husk charcoal. This study aims to determine the effect of the growth and production of Allium cepa (L.) shallots on the combination of applying npk fertilizer and husk charcoal.The research was in the form of an experiment using a complete randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and four replicates. P0 treatment (NPK 0g/polybag + husk charcoal 0g/polybag), P1 treatment (NPK 1.25g/polybag x 8 + husk charcoal 80g/polybag), P2 treatment (NPK 1.30g/polybag x 8 + husk charcoal 90g/polybag), P3 treatment (NPK 1.35g/polybag x 8 + husk charcoal 100g/polybag), P4 treatment (NPK 1.40g/polybag x 8 + husk charcoal 110g/polybag). The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of tubers per clump, wet weight and dry weight. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using a variety of fingerprint analysis followed by a DMRT test with a level of 5% on data that had a real effect. The results showed that the combination of NPK fertilizer and husk charcoal had a real effect on the number of leaves per clump (P <0.05) and had no real effect on plant height, number of tubers per clump, wet weight and dry weight. The P4 treatment produced the highest number of leaves (34.50 leaves), while the highest number of bulbs was also achieved by the same treatment with an average of 8.75 bulbs per clump. The conclusion of the study results is Overall, the application of NPK and husk charcoal shows the potential for an increase in the number of leaves, but it is not significant in other aspects. Keyword: shallots, husk charcoal, NPK, growth, production

Azolla Liquid Fertilizer (Azolla pinnata) And Chicken Manure Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Shallots

This study aims to see the effect of giving Azolla liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure on the growth and yield of shallots. The research method used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors with 16 combinations and 3 blocks. The first factor is the provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 ml / l water / m2, 200 ml / l water / m2, 400 ml / l water / m2, 600 ml / l water / m2. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 kg / m2, 0.5 kg / m2, 1.0 kg / m2 and 1.5 kg / m2. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, the number / plant, the wet weight of bulbs / plant, the dry weight of bulbs / plant. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer 600 ml / liter of water / m2 gave the best effect on all observation parameters. The provision of chicken manure gave a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of bulbs/ plant, wet weight of bulbs/plant, dry weight of bulbs/plant. The dose of chicken manure of 1.5 kg/m2 showed the best effect for all observation parameters. The interaction between the provision of liquid organic fertilizer azolla and chicken manure did not differ significantly in all treatments. Keywords: Azolla, Chicken Manure, Red Onion

Variability of Physical Parameters of Different Cultivar in Jackfruit

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important and indigenous fruit crop of India therefore present investigation was carried out with the aim to evaluate performance different jackfruit cultivars in vidharbha region at Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2016-17. Experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen different genotypes of jackfruits viz., AKJF-1 (Akot jackfruit -1), AKJF-2 (Akot jackfruit -2), AKJF-3 (Akot jackfruit -3), AKJF-4 (Akot jackfruit -4) AKJF-5 (Akot jackfruit -5), AKLJF-6 (Akola jackfruit -6), GDJF-7 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -7), GDJF-8 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -8), GDJF-9 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -9), GDJF-10 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -10), GDJF-11 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -11), GDJF-12 (Gadchiroli jackfruit -12) and GDJF-13(Gadchiroli jackfruit -13) which were replicated thrice. The results revealed that, maximum rag weight per fruit (1.86 kg), highest bulb weight (30.3 g), highest weight of flake (22.2 g) and highest seed weight (10.71g) as observed in the fruits of genotype GDJF-12 whereas maximum seeds weight per fruit (0.81 kg) and number of bulbs per fruit. (159.33) was found in the genotype GDJF-13.

Influence of Plant Density and Fungicides on Downy Mildew (<i>Peronospora Destructor</i>) and Bulb Yield of Onion in Ethiopia

Onion is a popular vegetable crop, which has been produced for its daily uses and economic benefits. Downey mildew caused by the fungus <i>Peronospora</i> <i>destructor</i> is among the most important yield-reducing factor in onion production. The effect of three different levels of plant population and fungicide frequency with two different fungicides was studied on downy mildew severity and yield of onion. Nineteen treatment of this Experiment included two fungicides mancozeb + metalaxyl and copper hydrox-ide, three different spraying interval with (10 days, 15 days and 21 days) and three level of plant population (0.71, 0.95 and 1.2 million plants/ha). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications for two year at Fogera and for one year at Dera districts of South Gondar zone Ethiopia. Data on disease severity, bulb yield, bulb number and bulb size were recorded during the time of harvest. The price of bulb yield was assessed from the local market and the total price of the yield obtained from each treatment was computed on hectare basis. Input costs like seed, fungicides and labor were converted into hectare basis according to their frequencies used. Fungicides cost was estimated based on the price of the local market. Cost of the labor was in Birr per man-days; cost of spray and spray equipment to spray per hectare were also calculated. Based on the obtained data from the above mentioned parameters economic analysis was performed. The lowest disease severity was recorded in treatment were lowest level of plant population (0.71 million plant/hectare) spraying with fungicide mancozeb + metalaxyl within 15days interval. In this treatment bulb yield and bulb weight were the highest. The economic evaluation showed that the highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return was obtained from T3 (0.71million plants/ha spraying with fungicide mancozeb + metalaxyl within 15days interval).

Novel natural lipids based NLC containing finasteride improved androgenetic alopecia treatment in rats

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss disorder, affecting millions of men and women worldwide. Current formulations used to treat this condition often lead to a wide variety of side effects, ranging from allergies to sexual disfunction, especially when those drugs are administered orally. In this study, we developed and tested unique formulations containing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of lipids extracted from fruit seeds, carrying finasteride to enhance efficacy of AGA treatment. By stabilizing the hydrophobic compounds in the solid matrix, three formulations of NLC were engineered and successfully prepared. Further an in vivo model of AGA was induced in rats by the administration of testosterone, as a platform to evaluate the efficiency of the formulations. The chosen formulation exhibited high bioavailability, medium size of 124.5 nm and PdI of 0.143, without systemic absorption. In addition, it promoted efficient and significant follicle restoration in AGA induced rats by increasing number of active bulbs and showed to be a safe formulation for topical application. The results of this research indicate that the presented formulation has significant potential to yield improved outcomes in AGA treatment.

Age-related changes in the hair follicle and hair shaft in women in the parietal region

Introduction. Medical trichology is a promising and modern direction of cosmetology, engaged in the study of the scalp and hair, both in the state of health and various diseases. However, with all the variety of various scientific publications, there are very few works devoted to the study of morphological changes in normal physiological aging of a person.Aim. To reveal the dynamics of morphological changes in the hair bulb and hair shaft in women in the parietal region to elderly age.Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of microscopic examination of 80 women, the study sample consisted of conditionally healthy individuals. The examined women were divided into three groups depending on their age. The first group included 27 women of the first period of mature age (26.9 ± 0.70 years). The second group consisted of 30 women of the second period of mature age (47.1 ± 1.20 years). The third group was formed by 23 women of old age (62.1 ± 1.09 years). Hair sampling was performed in the parietal region of the head by combing out the hair that had already fallen out (without pulling it out of the skin!). The width of the hair bulb and hair shaft were measured. The percentage of bulbs containing an internal root sheath to the total number of bulbs was calculated.Results and discussion. With age, a decrease in the number of hair follicles with internal root sheath (p < 0.01) along with a tendency to decrease the width of the hair follicle and hair shaft (p > 0.05) was noted in women in the parietal region.Conclusions. The results of this study add to the information available in the scientific literature about age-related changes occurring in the hair bulb and hair shaft in women by old age. The data obtained will be useful for trichologists in medical practice to create clinical recommendations for the early prevention of age-related alopecia areata.

Vegetative reproduction and yield of bear garlic (<i>Allium ursinum</i> L.) in field cultivation

Bear garlic (<i>Allium ursinum</i> L.) and its value for human health have been known for centuries. Its leaves, flowers, and bulbs contain many health-promoting compounds, and can be essential raw materials for the production of food and dietary supplements of natural origin. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility of growing bear garlic in field conditions that differed significantly from those required by this plant, using unconventional treatments: catch crops (phacelia), shade plant (turnip rape), and biopreparations (Bio-Algeen S90 and Kelpak SL). The plowing of phacelia biomass had a beneficial effect on the number of <i>A. ursinum</i> progeny bulbs, the unit weight of bulbs and their yield per unit area, and the leaf yield not only in the first year of cultivation but also in the follow-up. Winter turnip rape applied as a shade crop caused a slight increase in the unit weight of bulbs and their yield in the first and second years of cultivation and in the number of progeny bulbs in the second and third years of cultivation. The cultivation of <i>A. ursinum</i> with turnip rape increased the percentage of garlic root weight and leaf yield. There was a positive effect of the applied biopreparations on the studied traits of <i>A. ursinum</i> bulb yield and leaf yield and on the formation of progeny bulbs in relation to the control object. The analysis of the interaction of the factors of the experiment showed that the combination with the application of the phacelia catch crop and the simultaneous cultivation of the shade crop had the most favorable effect on <i>A. ursinum</i> progeny bulb formation, bulb unit weight, root system development, and leaf yield. In all years of the study, the worst effect was obtained in the control object, i.e., in the cultivation without the catch crop, rapeseed, and application of biopreparations.

Electricity Consumption Profile of Urban Households in Nsukka, Enugu State

In recent times, the uncontrollably rising global energy consumption has become a global problem with its attendant socio-economic and environmental consequences. Hence, this study utilized linear regression model to examine how households’ socio-economic attributes and use of appliances together determine electricity consumption and savings in Nsukka metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria. Socio-economic variables found to have positive and significant effect on electricity consumption were age of working-class respondents, being married, household size, household active members, unemployed household members, prepaid and estimated electricity billing system, monthly income and high electricity supply hours. In terms of electrical appliances, high hours of electronics’ use per week, incandescent and LED bulbs usage, high number of bulbs, cooling hours of 9 and above per week, lighting hours of 16 and above and weekly heating hours were positively related to electricity consumption and statistically significant. We suggest that the creation of energy efficiency awareness at the household and educational institution levels should be vigorously pursued. Government should subsidize the prices of energy efficient appliances to encourage purchases by low-income earners. Constant overbilling of estimated and postpaid electricity users, as lamented by respondents in the survey, should be discouraged by electricity users. This will enable users to conserve energy and not waste energy as revenge tactics for overbilling. The promotion and full deployment of prepaid meters in the study area by electricity providers would go a long way in complementing the efforts for clean development mechanism in Nigeria.

Periods of weed interference in garlic crop

Garlic cultivation holds significant importance in Brazil. However, research on garlic crops is currently limited and outdated, highlighting the necessity for new studies, particularly focused on enhancing weed management and optimizing the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to assess the extent of yield losses attributed to weed interference and the specific periods during which weed interference impacts garlic crop yields in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during 2019 and 2020, using the garlic cultivars Chonan and Ito, respectively. A randomized block experimental design was employed, consisting of 16 treatment groups with four replications. The design incorporated a 2×8 factorial arrangement, involving two weed management strategies (coexistence and control) and eight crop-weed coexistence periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 130 days after crop emergence – DAE). The study evaluated the weed community and recorded data on the number of bulbs, bulb diameter, as well as total and commercial bulb yields of garlic crops. The results indicated average losses of 24.3% in total bulb yield and 28.9% in commercial bulb yield. Critical periods for effective weed control were identified as 6 to 126 DAE in 2019, 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for total yield, 3 to 126 DAE in 2019, and 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for commercial bulb yield. Consequently, it is imperative to maintain garlic crops weed-free throughout most of their growth cycle.

Influence of Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Foliar Application of Micronutrient of Iron, Zinc and Manganese on Bulb Characteristics of Single Flower Tuberose Plants (Polianthes Tuberosa, L.)

The global market for flowers and ornamental plants is expected to expand at a rate of approximately 6.3% over the next five years, reaching an estimated value of $57.4 billion USD by 2024. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.), a summer flower cultivated by small-scale growers primarily for export. The study was aimed to cultivate tuberose plants in Al-Jabal Al-Khader region, introducing them as a new cut flower crop, as a source for tuberose, and leveraging their economic potential. A field experiment was conducted over two summer growing seasons to investigate the impact of different levels of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, NPK 4:4:4) in application rates (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 kg.ha-1) and foliar sprays of micronutrients iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and a )mixture of these three elements) on tuberose bulbs. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design split-plot with three replications. The NPK fertilizer levels were randomly assigned to the main plots, while the micronutrient treatments were allocated to the subplots. The study found that varying rates of NPK fertilization did not significantly affect the number of bulbs per plant over the two growing seasons. In contrast, the application of micronutrient foliar sprays had a notable impact, with the mixture of Fe, Zn, and Mn yielding the highest significant increase in bulb number per plant in both seasons. It is recommended to apply a mixture of the three micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Mn) as fertilizer to produce high-quality Tuberose plants for various decorative purposes in landscaping.

Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and yield of shallots on saline soils

Soil salinity is a limiting factor in agricultural productivity. One of the biological approaches to mitigate the impact of salt stress on plants is inoculating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to the plant roots. This study aimed to investigate the eff of PGPR dosage on the growth and yield of shallots at various salinity levels. This study was carried out in the experimental field of Poncokusumo, Malang. The treatments tested consisted of two factors. The first factor was soil salinity level, consisting of four levels: no salinity, NaCl 50 mM, NaCl 100 mM, and NaCl 150 mM. The second factor was PGPR concentration, consisting of four levels: no PGPR, PGPR 10 mL/L, PGPR 20 mL/L, and PGPR 30 mL/L. The sixteen treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The data obtained were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level limit of 5%, followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 5% significance level for any significant differences. The results showed that the application of 30 mL/L of PGPR reduced EC of the soil and improved plant height, plant dry weight, leaf area, bulb diameter, bulb weight, and the number of bulbs per plant by 33%, 47.3%, 81%, 13%, 34.2%, 98.5%, and 31%, respectively, compared to the treatment without PGPR application under NaCl 150 mM salinity. The application of PGPR at 20 and 30 mL/L dosages significantly increased chlorophyll, flavonoid, and proline indices at NaCl at 100 mM and 150 mM salinity levels compared to the treatment without PGPR.

A Study on the Effects of Hypothyroidism on the Senses: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Hypothyroidism has been found to have long-term effects on each of thesenses, but with proper treatment, many of them can be significantly minimized. This paper analyzes the research on the impact of hypothyroidism on the senses of smell, taste, hearing, vision, and thermoregulation. Data were collected from the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "hypothyroidism," "taste," "smell," "vision," "hearing," and "thermoregulation." Approximately 413 articles were found when searching with these parameters, and 30 were used in this paper. Studies were excluded if they were outside this paper's scope or older than 2012. Studies were included if they specifically focused on hypothyroidism and one of the five listed senses. Patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss, decreased perception of the blue-yellow color axis, decreased sense of olfaction and number of olfactory bulbs, and decreased thermogenesis. Hypothyroidism was also found to show increased length of COVID-19-induced anosmia and decreased bitter taste perception. It can be concluded that hypothyroidism has many effects on the senses, particularly an increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss. More studies need to be done on these effects.

Improving growth and productivity of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) applied using organic and inorganic fertilizer

Objective: This research aims to identify and examine organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and productivity of shallots. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out under field conditions in the research and application fields of Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The main plot is the liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) consisting of control, 10 mL/L, and 20 mL/L. The subplots, namely the zwavelzure ammonium (ZA) fertilizer, consist of control, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha. Results: Based on the research conducted, it can be seen that the interaction between the application of LOF (20 mL/L) and ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) recorded the highest average fresh bulb weight (145.60 g). Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants. On the other hand, ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) influences plant height (44.03 cm at 42 DAP), number of leaves (26.67), production per hectare (20.96 t), and chlorophyll index (20.64) of shallot plants. Conclusion: The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers has a significant influence on the growth and production of shallot plants, both in interaction and individually.

SUBSTITUSI SEBAGIAN PUPUK ANORGANIK DENGAN PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH

Shallots are an important crop with high economic value in Indonesia. Shallot production usually depends on intensive fertilization. Inorganic fertilizers were increasingly rare and more expensive at the market level. Inorganic fertilizers were scarce in society and their prices were more expensive at the market level. Biofertilizers made from superior microbial active ingredients have long been used to substitute inorganic fertilizers, but the right combination dose has not been found to increase the yields. The research aimed to study the level of effectiveness of biological fertilizers in substituting inorganic fertilizers and getting the right dose to increase shallot production. The research was conducted from February to April 2019 in the Research Plantation of PT. Indo Acidatama Tbk, Karanganyar, Central Java. Four treatments were tested on shallot seeds under a completely randomized design non-factorial: (P1) NPK 1200 kg/ha, (P2) NPK 900 kg/ha + biofertilizer 10 l/ha, (P3) NPK 600 kg/ha + biofertilizer 20 l/ha, dan (P4) NPK 300 kg/ha + biofertilizer 30 l/ha. The results showed that 20 l/ha of biofertilizers combined with a dose of 600 kg/ha of inorganic fertilizer effectively increases shallot production to reach 6.78 tonnes/ha. Biofertilizers could substitute several inorganic fertilizers so that are indicated by optimally wet biomass weight, weight of bulbs, number of bulbs, and diameter of bulbs.

Effects of water hyacinth compost and biological agents (Trichoderma sp) on the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in dry land

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of leading vegetable commodities intensively cultivated by farmers for a long time, including farmers in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The purpose of this study was to produce water hyacinth compost with ability to interact with Trichoderma sp. in order to improve the shallot bulb quality cultivated in dry land. This factorial experimental research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. There were 10 treatment combinations with 30 experimental plots. Two factors were tested in this research. The first factor was the water hyacinth compost as the main plot, namely: 15 ton ha⁻¹ water hyacinth compost (K1) and without water hyacinth compost (K2), while the second factor as a sub-plot was the concentration of Trichoderma sp., consisting of watering with plain water (as control) of 100 mL(P0), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 5 mL.L⁻¹ (P1), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 10 mL.L⁻¹ (P2), watering with Trichoderma sp. concentration 15 mL.L⁻¹ (P3) and watering with Trichoderma sp. 20 mL.L⁻¹ (P4). The treatment of water hyacinth compost fertilizer at 15 tons ha⁻¹ with a concentration of Trichoderma sp 20 mL.L⁻¹ resulted in the highest number of shallot leaves (84.27 strands) and tillers (10.82). The shallot bulb weight per plot was 2455.33 g, and the number of bulbs per plot was 350.40 bulbs.

Onion Varieties (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Test With Application Of Several Kinds Microbia Consortium Its Influence On Growth and Yield

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that Indonesian people need. The use of bacterial consortia in shallot cultivation is expected to be useful for increasing soil fertility due to soil biochemical processes. This research aims to determine the effect of applying a microbial consortium from several products to the growth and yield of several shallot varieties. This research was carried out using a Split Plot Design with a split plot method which consists of two factors, namely: 1. Red onion variety, (V1: local rubber variety; V2: white local variety; V3: local Javanese varieties), 2. Types of decomposing plants (microbial consortium), : (P0: Control; P1: M21; P2: EM4; P3: Beka Decomposer). The research results showed: (1) The variety test showed very significant plant height, number of leaves, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per bunch, tuber dry weight per bunch, and tuber dry weight per plot. However, there was no real difference between the number of bulbs per plant and the number of bulbs per plot. (2) The combination of microbial consortia with shallot varieties showed significantly different results regarding the number of leaves and bulb diameter. However, there were no real differences in plant height, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, number of tubers per plant, number of tubers per plot, fresh weight of tubers per bunch, dry weight of tubers per bunch and dry weight of tubers per bunch. (3) The research results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the combination of V2P1 with the treatment of local white varieties of shallots and the application of the M21 microbial consortium with an average value of 150.27 g/plot (16,905 kg/ha or 16.9 tons/ha).

Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) with Application of Amino Acid Biostimulant Dosages

Intensive shallot cultivation needs high application rates of inorganic fertilizers that can cause environmental problems. Therefore, it is essential to lessen the rate of inorganic fertilizers by environmentally friendlier approaches, such as the application of biostimulants like amino acids. The present study determined the most effective dosage and application method of amino acid biostimulant to increase shallot yield and growth while using only half the amount of inorganic fertilizers. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and four blocks as replications. The first factor was the dose of amino acids biostimulant (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 L/ha), and the second factor was the application method (through leaves and soil). Data were observed on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), boron (B), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin, zeatin, kinetin, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll as well as the growth and yield of shallot. The results showed that the application of amino acids biostimulants increased IAA, gibberellin, and kinetin content in both application methods. Amino acids biostimulants increased N, P, K, B, Mn, and chlorophyll. Amino acids biostimulant 1 L/ha was the best dosage to increase leaf diameter, leaf dry weight, total dry weight, number of bulbs (5.63 per plant; 44%), and productivity (16.46 tons/ha; 33.77%). The application through the leaves improved NRA, leaf area, and crop growth rate. It was indicated that amino acid biostimulant through leaves provides a useful instrument for plant growth, allowing the reduction of inorganic fertilizer without compromising crop yields.

Response Of Growth And Production Of Shallot To The Genus Of Mycorrhiza And Npk Fertilizer

Mycorrhizal biofertilizer is a biotechnology agent and bio protector that is environmentally friendly and supports the concept of sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of growth and production of shallots on the application of the genus Mycorrhizae and N,P,K fertilizers. This study used a completely randomized design method with two factors: The first factor was the application of the mycorrhizal genera Glomus (M1), Gigaspora (M2), Acaulospora (M3), and the Mycorrhizal Consortium (M4); and the second factor is 0-gram NPK fertilizer (NPK0), 25-gram NPK fertilizer (NPK25), 50-gram NPK fertilizer (NPK50), 75-gram NPK fertilizer (NPK75). The results of the identification of Glomus spore form is obovoid, the spore wall is more than one layer, yellow in color. Gigaspora spore form is globose, spore walls do not have an inner wall, and the spore is yellowish cream in color. Acaulospora spore is elliptic, has 2 spore walls, spores are yellow. The results of mycorrhizal responses and doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of shallots were not significantly different according to the analysis of variance in all observation parameters, but some treatments consistently produced the highest results among other treatments. The highest treatment was M1.NPK50 produced an average number of shallots of 50 pieces, the number of shallot bulbs averaged 13.4 and the diameter of shallot bulbs averaged 4.9.

Variation and correlation between the parameters of the bulbs of the Oriental hyacinth and the amount of precipitation

The area of the Oriental hyacinth is located in the Mediterranean dry subtropical climate zone, with dry summers and rainy winters. The Mediterranean region is characterized by an average monthly temperature of 20-25 °C in summer, 5-12 °C in winter, and an average rainfall of 400-600 mm per year. A long period of drought contributed to the formation of a special life form in the oriental hyacinth – bulbous geophyte. Despite growing in a warm subtropical climate, hyacinth belongs to cold-resistant ephemeroids, which allows it to undergo primary introduction in the temperate continental climate of the Republic of Mari El. The main method of reproduction of hyacinth, within its natural range, is vegetative division, with the formation of daughter bulbs. In natural habitat, the coefficient of vegetative reproduction is influenced by air temperature and precipitation during the active growing season. The purpose of the work was to identify the dependence of the productivity of the Oriental hyacinth on the amount of precipitation in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. Work on the identification of dependencies was carried out in the period 2012-2015 in the open ground of the botanical garden-Institute of the State Technical University of Yoshkar-Ola. During the work, biometric parameters such as the diameter and height of the bulb, as well as the number of bulbs in one nest, were taken into account. As a result of the work carried out, it was revealed that: the level of individual variability in bulb diameter in most varieties of oriental hyacinth is included in the norm of variation, this indicates the suitability of environmental factors of the region of introduction for this parameter; the number of daughter bulbs in the nest is characterized by a high level of variability and depends on environmental conditions; the reproduction coefficient of hyacinth varieties is strongly influenced such an environmental factor as the amount of precipitation during the growing season (66.7% – 73.7%). The identification of dependencies between the amount of precipitation and the productivity of vegetative reproduction, in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, will allow us to assess the effectiveness of the primary introduction of Oriental hyacinth. The obtained data can be used in the development of agricultural techniques for growing Oriental hyacinth in conditions of introduction.

Manufacturer Layout Guide on Agricultural Management of Chicken Manure and Charcoal Husk on Growth and the Absorption of Silica in Onions Red (Allium Ascalonicum L.)

One effort to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer is by using organic fertilizer using manure or rice husk charcoal. The research used chicken manure with 3 levels: A0 = 0 kg/plot (0 ton/ha), A1 = 3.75 kg/plot (10 tons/ha), A2 = 7.5 kg/plot (20 tons/ha), A3 = 11.25 kg/plot (30 tons/ha). The second factor, husk charcoal with 3 levels: S0 = 0 kg/plot (0 ton/ha), S1 = 1.9 kg/plot (5 tons/ha), S2 = 3.8 kg/plot (10 tons/ha), S3 = 5.7 kg/plot (15 tons/ha). The results showed that treatment with a dose of chicken manure at 7.5 kg/plot significantly increased leaf length, tuber wet weight per plant, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plant, tuber dry weight per plot, root volume, soil pH. , soil CEC, soil C-organic content, but had no significant effect on the number of bulbs and Si uptake of shallot plants. The activated charcoal dose treatment had no significant effect on leaf length, number of tubers, wet weight of tubers per plant, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of tubers per plant, dry weight of tubers per plot and root volume. The interaction between the dose of chicken manure and husk charcoal had no significant effect on all parameters observed, and had no significant effect on the availability of silica in paddy fields.