Number Of Bolls Plant Research Articles

Effects of Salinity Stress on Some Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Germplasm

ABSTRACT The production of cotton is negatively affected by salinity. For this purpose, 8 parents and their 16 F1 hybrids were evaluated under saline stress (15 dSm−1) in Line × Tester fashion. Mean values of plant height, number of bolls plant−1, boll weight, lint weight, seed cotton yield plant−1, seed index, no. of seeds boll−1, seed mass boll−1, lint mass boll−1, seed volume per 100 seeds, fiber strength, fiber length, lint%, K+, K+/Na+ ratio, CAT, TSP, chlorophyll a, b, and relative water contents decreased under salt stress whilst the values of lint index, seed density, fiber fineness, Na+, H2O2, SOD, POD carotenoids, malondialdehyde, phenolic contents, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids increased under saline conditions. Under saline MS-71× CRS-2007, MS-71× KAHKASHAN, and IUB-65 × FH-312 exhibited performed better than other genotypes for most traits. For fiber quality traits IUB-65× CRS-2007 and IUB-65× FH-312 showed the highest value under salt stress. Improved identified cotton genotypes can enhance our capacity to grow cotton in salt-affected soils and the key morpho-biochemical traits can potentially be exploited to obtain higher and more stable crops yield under stressed environments.

Genetic Variation Studies of Ionic and within Boll Yield Components in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Under Salt Stress

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity is decreasing alarmingly by salinity. For genetic analysis of cotton response to salinity 8 parental genotypes and their 16 F1 crosses were evaluated in Line × Tester fashion under normal and salt stress 15 dSm−1. Data were recorded for plant height, number of bolls plant−1, boll weight, lint weight, seed cotton yield plant−1, lint percentage, seed index, lint index, number of seeds boll−1, seed mass boll−1, lint mass boll−1, lint mass per seed, seed volume 100−1 seeds, seed surface area, ionic ratio, fiber strength, fiber length, fiber fineness, GOT %, SOD, POD, CAT, TSP, and H2O2. The results showed that SCA estimates were higher than the GCA indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action. Kahkashan, MS-71, and CRS-2007 were found good general combiner whereas FH-114 × FH-312 was found the best specific combiner. FH-114 × KAHKASHAN and FH-114 × FH-312 demonstrated significant heterosis for most traits under normal and salt stress conditions. The present study revealed that salt tolerance ability is controlled by a few dominant genes in the identified genotypes.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield component traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

This experiment was carried out with 40 genotypes of cotton in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during kharif, 2019-20. Each plot consisted of one row of 6 m length and observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each genotype per replication for characters viz., plant height (cm), number of monopodia plant per plant, number of sympodia plan per plant, number of bolls plant per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g) and seed cotton yield plant per plant (g). The characters viz., Days to 50% flowering, ginning out turn (%), 2.5% span length (mm), micronaire (10-6 g /inch), bundle strength (g/tex) and uniformity ratio were recorded on plot basis. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were worked out for 14 characters among 40 genotypes of upland cotton. Correlation studies revealed that plant height, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant and boll weight recorded significant positive association with seed cotton yield per plant. Further partitioning of correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects showed that characters, plant height, number of bolls plant per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn (GOT) and micronaire value had direct positive effect on seed cotton yield per plant. Thus, correlation and path analysis clearly indicated that direct selection based on number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed index may be helpful in developing high yielding varieties in upland cotton.

Relative potential of rhizobium species to enhance the growth and yield attributes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Legumes compensate mineral fertilizer by fixing nitrogen due to the specialized structures i.e. nodules by Rhizobium species. Literature revealed that legumes fixed nitrogen due to Rhizobium inoculation from 50-300 kg NPK ha -1 year -1 . Rhizobium besides nitrogen fixation, solubilized phosphates, produced growth hormones and due to its root colonizing ability improved the growth and yield of non-legumes also and performed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Study was conducted to assess the relative efficiency of Rhizobium species for the growth and yield of cotton. Different isolates of five species of Rhizobium species responsible for different nodule formation in legumes were assessed for the auxin biosynthesis potential as IAA equivalents and isolates having higher values for IAA equivalents were used for experimentation. Results revealed that isolates of Rhizobium species improved the growth and physiological parameters of cotton. Higher values were root/shoot length and mass were observed with Rhizobium species of berseem (Br 5 ). Bacterial inoculation with isolate (Br 5 ) produced 60.94, 64.40 g shoot/root mass that is 16.70 and 23.80 % higher than control and percent increase improvements of cotton shoot/root length with Br 5 i.e. 18.3, 24.8 % higher than that of control. Higher values of IAA equivalents were observed in root/shoot content of cotton with isolate of Br 5 . Bacterial inoculation improved the plant height, boll weight, number of bolls plant -1 and seed cotton yield with Br 5 inoculation. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and photo active radiation were also higher in the inoculated treatments. Results of present study clearly demonstrated that different isolates of Rhizobium species improved the growth and yield parameters of cotton and thus Rhizobium sp can be effectively utilized as bacterial inoculants in non-legumes.

Leaf cuticular wax content is involved in cotton leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including Pakistan. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by different approaches. Cuticular wax is reported to confer resistance to plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was designed to assess the role of cuticular wax content (WC) to resist CLCuVD infestation. The WC of 42 cotton genotypes, originating from various countries (Pakistan, USA, China, etc.), was quantified during two culture periods (2015 & 2016). Cotton germplasm was also scored for % disease index (%DI), seed cotton yield (SCY), number of bolls/plant (NB), and plant height (PHt) for the same culture periods. Significant negative correlation between WC and %DI was found during the two years of experimentation. WC was found positively correlated with SCY and NB. Six cotton genotypes (A-7233, B-557, A-162, BLANCO-3363, CIM-473, and SLH-2010-11) did not show any signs of CLCuVD infestation during both 2015 and 2016. These cotton genotypes contained relatively higher WC. The results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that there were significant differences among genotypes for %DI, WC, SCY, NB, and PHt. These results indicated that WC was involved in resisting CLCuVD and it also had positive effect on plant growth and yield potential. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that cuticular wax could be used as an indirect criterion for distinguishing and selecting resistant/susceptible cotton genotypes.

Effect of Glyphosat and Paraquat Herbicides on Weed Control and Productivity of Cotton

AbstractWeed control management has a vital role in increasing cotton yield and yield components. In cotton crop weed, infestation may harm significant growth and yield loses. To control the weeds under field conditions in cotton crop, different herbicides were selected with different dose levels. Response of various post emergence herbicides at different levels, i.e. Round up 490 G/L at the rate of 4.7 L ha−1, 2.7 L ha−1and 1.5 L ha−1(Glyphosate), Gramoxone 20EC (Paraquat) at the rate of 2.5 L ha−1and untreated (Control) were field experimented against cotton cultivar CIM-473 under field condition at Agronomic Research Area of Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan, Pakistan. Significant control of weeds, i.e. number of weeds m−2, fresh weed biomass in g m−2, dry weed biomass in g m−2and increase in yield and yield contributing factors, like number of bolls plant−1, cotton boll weight (g), final cotton plant height (cm) and seed cotton yield (kg ha−1) were observed. The field data for weed control in term of numbers, fresh and dry weight was observed after 10, 20 and 30 days of sowing. It was indicated that the highest significant yield, total number of bolls per plant, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, plant height and weed control were obtained by using herbicide Round up (Glyphosate) at the rate of 4.7 L ha−1, as compared to the other treatments with different application rates including untreated (control). Average boll weight was not significant among treatments, but significant against control. Cost benefit analysis showed that the highest net profit was obtained by the Round up 490 G/L, when treated @ 4.7 L ha−1than all other treatments.

Heterosis and combining ability estimates through line × tester analysis in inter-specific hybrids of cotton (G. hirsutum L. × G. barbadense L.)

The present investigation comprised of seventy two inter-specific hybrids obtained by mating twelve diverse lines of G. hirsutum and five testers of G. barbadense in line × tester fashion and were evaluated to study standard heterosis and combining ability for seed cotton yield and its component traits. Combining ability analysis indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the traits. The lines, L 762, MR 786, BS 37, NDLH 1938 and H 1442 and the testers, DB 16, DB 11 and GSB 41were found to be good general combiners for seed cotton yield plant -1 and its component characters. The hybrid, L 1058 × TCB 37 exhibited high and significant positive sca effect for seed cotton yield plant -1 and its contributing traits viz ., number of bolls plant -1 , boll weight and seed index. The cross combinations, L 762 × TCB 37, H 1442 × DB 16 and H 1442 × GSB 41 registered high and significant positive heterosis over both the standard checks for seed cotton yield plant -1 . The cross combinations which are showing high standard heterosis and sca effects may be recommended for commercial cultivation after testing their stable performance for seed cotton yield.

Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Cotton

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, during rabi 2010 - 2011 to study the effect of drip fertigation on growth, yield attributes and yield of cotton. In this study, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), sympodial branches, dry mater production, root length, root dry weight were found to be enhanced by drip irrigation at 100 per cent Pan Evaporation (PE) along with 100 per cent drip fertigation (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer(RDF) as Water Soluble Fertilizer (WSF)). This combination of drip irrigation 100 per cent PE with drip fertigation 100 per cent RDF as WSF also increased yield attributes such as number of bolls plant -1 , boll weight and seed cotton yield.

Effect of Treated Tannery Effluent with Domestic Wastewater and Amendments on Growth and Yield of Cotton

Pot culture and field experiments were carried out at the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), Dindigul during kharif 2011-12 to investigate the influence of irrigation of treated tannery effluent along with domestic wastewater on growth, yield attributes and yield of cotton. The pot culture was in a factorial completely randomized design and field experiment laid out in factorial randomized block design with four replications. The results revealed that the mixing proportion of 25% Treated Tannery Effluent (TTE)+75% domestic wastewater (DWW) application recorded taller plants, higher dry matter production, number of sympodial branches plant(-1), number of fruiting points plant(-1), number of bolls plant(-1) and seed cotton yield with yield reduction of 15.28 and 16.11% compared to normal water irrigation under pot culture and field experiment, respectively. Regarding amendments, gypsum application registered higher seed cotton yield followed by VAM.

Comparative performance of Bt cotton with some elite conventional cotton cultivars under arid to semi-arid conditions

oN, longitude 72.36 o E and altitude 157.65 m. The results revealed that plant growth parameters like plant height, number of bolls plant -1 and seed cotton weight boll1 , were differed significantly (P < 0.05) among Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. Seed cotton yield and fiber quality parameters such as maturity percentage, micronaire value, staple length, fiber strength and virus infection percentage were also significantly (P < 0.05) different among different cultivars. Bt -1 21 had maximum value for seed cotton weight boll-1 and maturity percentage and produced 26% higher seed cotton yield than all other cultivars. Furthermore, it also showed 58% less cotton leaf curl virus infection compared to other cultivars. BH-162 produced fiber with maximum length and fineness but it appeared most vulnerable to virus attack. It was concluded that Bt -1 21 performed best in most of the studied traits than other cultivars and may be recommended for cultivation in areas having arid to semi-arid climatic conditions.

Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on seed cotton yield, water productivity and yield response factor in shallow soils of semi-arid environment

Abstract A field experiment was conducted for 2 years to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation, nitrogen and plant growth minerals on seed cotton yield, water productivity and yield response factor. The treatment comprises six levels of deficit irrigation (Etc 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6 and 0.5) and four levels of nitrogen (80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha−1). These were treatments superimposed with and without plant growth mineral spray. Furrow irrigation treatments were also kept. Cotton variety Ankur-651 Bt was grown during 2006 and 2007 cotton season. Drip irrigation at 1.0 Etc saved 26.9% water and produced 43.1% higher seed cotton yield over conventional furrow irrigation (1.0 Etc). Imposing irrigation deficit of 0.8 Etc caused significant reduction in seed cotton yield to the tune of 9.3% of the maximum yield. Further increase in deficit irrigation from 0.7 Etc to 0.5 Etc significantly decreased seed cotton yield over its subsequent higher irrigation level. Decline in the yield under deficit irrigation was associated with reduction in number of bolls plant−1 and boll weight. Nitrogen at 200 kg ha−1 significantly increased mean seed cotton yield by 36.3% over 80 kg N ha−1. Seed cotton yield tended to increase linearly up to 200 kg N ha−1 with drip Etc 0.8 to drip Etc 1.0. With drip Etc 0.6–0.5, N up to 160 kg ha−1 provided the highest yield, thereafter it had declined. Foliar spray of plant growth mineral (PGM) brought about significant improvement in seed cotton yield by 14.1% over control. The water productivity ranged from 0.331 to 0.491 kg m−3 at different irrigation and N levels. On pooled basis, crop yield response factor of 0.87 was calculated at 20% irrigation deficit.

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF COTTON SEED cv.TCB 209 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Field experiments conducted during summer and winter 1996 seasons with 10 treatments involving zinc and boron in various combinations showed significant differences for yield attributing characters in cotton. The number of sympodia plant (30.0%), number of bolls plant (39.2 %). boll weight (49.8 %). seed weight holl (36.8%). number of seeds boll (10.8 %) were significantly higher for plants given combined soil application of ZnSO, (50 kg ha') and borax (10 kg ha"). The seed cotton yield and seed yield were 47.1 % and 19.2 % higher for the same treatment over control. The quality of resultant seeds in terms of 100 seed weight, germination, speed of germination, seedling growth, drymatter production, vigour index, dehydrogenase enzyme activity and oil content were also significantly higher for the seeds from plants received both ZnSO, and borax through soil or foliage.