Number Of Conjunctions Research Articles

On Hilbert’s epsilon operator in FormSequence

This paper examines Chomsky’s recently proposed and abandoned FormSequence operation and presents a middle-ground implementation of it in a way that conforms to the Strong Minimalist Thesis. Special attention is paid to the role of Hilbert’s epsilon (ϵ) operator in this operation. I argue that while the ϵ-operator can give FormSequence its desired effect, the sequence-choosing mechanism should more adequately be attributed to the cognitive-computational context (mainly the interfaces) instead of Narrow Syntax. In other words, FormSequence is not entirely syntactic in nature but only partly so. I implement its syntactic part as repeated Pair Merge of a coordinator with a number of conjuncts, which yields a partially ordered set as output instead of a sequence. This implementation reconciles FormSequence with the Strong Minimalist Thesis and maintains a purely hierarchical syntactic module of human language. Furthermore, I compare the use of the ϵ-operator in FormSequence and its more established use in formal semantics and eventually promote a domain-general perspective on the fundamental cognitive procedure of sequence formation.

Correlation between lung cancer probability and number of pulmonary nodules in baseline computed tomography lung cancer screening: A retrospective study based on the Chinese population.

Screening for lung cancer with LDCT detects a large number of nodules. However, it is unclear whether nodule number influences lung cancer probability. This study aimed to acquire deeply insight into the distribution characteristics of nodule number in the Chinese population and to reveal the association between the nodule number and the probability of lung cancer (LC). 10,167 asymptomatic participants who underwent LDCT LC screening were collected. Noncalcified nodules larger than 4 mm were included. The nodule number per participant was determined. We defined five categories according to the number of nodules (based on nodule type and size): one, two, three, four, and more than four nodules. We stratified the nodules as groups A, B, and C and participants as Amax, Bmax, and Cmax groups, and explored the association between nodule number and the probability of LC on nodule and participant levels. 97 participants were confirmed to have LC. The probabilities of LC were 49/1719, 22/689, 11/327, 6/166, and 9/175 in participants with one, two, three, four, and more than four nodules (p>0.05), respectively. In the Bmax group, the probability of LC was significantly higher in participants with one nodule than those with >4 nodules (p<0.05), and the probability of LC showed a negative linear trend with increasing nodule numbers (p<0.05). Based on the nodule-level analyses, in Group B, LC probability was significantly higher when participants had a solitary nodule than when they had >4 nodules (p<0.05). LC probability does not significantly change with the number of nodules. However, when stratified by the nodule size, the effect of nodule number on LC probability was nodule-size dependent, and greater attention and active follow-up are required for solitary nodules especially SNs/solid component of PSNs measuring 6-15 mm or NSNs measuring 8-15 mm. Assessing the nodule number in conjunction with nodule size in baseline LDCT LC screening is considered beneficial.

Simulation of satellites and constellations for the assessment of collision avoidance operations

The recent rapid increase in the satellite population in low Earth orbit (LEO) causes the number of conjunctions between operational spacecraft to increase sharply as well. In order to be able to cope with the associated workload in the future, it is necessary to define precise and acceptable rules that determine which spacecraft has to evade and how the avoidance manoeuvres shall be performed. To enable the assessment of different conceivable rule sets, a holistic simulation framework has been developed within the “Rules4CREAM” (R4C) activity at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Based on current and expected trends in growth and distribution of satellites in LEO, long-term propagation in the order of years can be performed for arbitrary satellite populations with the R4C framework which enables the generation of realistic conjunction data. This paper presents the core modules of this simulation framework. The satellites are described by osculating Keplerian orbits and analytical models are implemented to represent the most dominant perturbations in LEO. Different modes of station keeping are depicted within the satellite operations module of the simulation. For constellations, a generic model has been developed that is able to model the simultaneous deployment of multiple constellation planes as well as other operational key aspects specific to constellations. The models are validated with other simulations and real-life data. Finally two methods for the all-on-all conjunction detection are examined and the number of detected conjunctions is compared.

Who Composed K. 626b/16, and Why Would Mozart Write It Down?

In conjunction with Wolfgang Amadé Mozart's 265th birthday on 27 January 2021, the Salzburg International Mozarteum Foundation presented a premiere performance and an online edition of the recently rediscovered Allegro in D major for Piano, K. 626b/16. While the authenticity of the document and of Mozart's handwriting appears to be beyond doubt, Mozart's authorship has been designated "conjectural" in the RISM data released alongside the piece's edition. In this study I set out to examine the question of authenticity of this miniature, demonstrably a piano reduction of an orchestral composition, from a style-analytical perspective. Some aspects recall Mozart's London Sketchbook, dated almost a decade earlier than the editor's proposed dating for K. 626b/16, 1773; however, no compelling connection between the two can be established. The piece's midway position between a sonata-dance and a sonata-allegro movement, and its particular employment of voice-leading schemata and musical punctuation, deem Mozart's authorship unlikely. I discuss its possible origin as a ballet number in conjunction with the genres of the chaconne and the stage minuet. Borrowings from K. 626b/16 are identified in both the first movement of Mozart's Symphony K. 128 and the closing chorus of Lucio Silla, suggesting a date no later than the first months of 1772. Elements of the piano piece resurfacing in later well-known Mozart works substantiate its lasting influence on the composer.

Effects of the Age, Sex, and Maternal Education of Monolingual Spanish-Speaking Preschool Children on Oral Narrative Production.

Purpose The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the effects of age, sex, and maternal education of monolingual Spanish-speaking preschoolers on both macrostructural (oral narrative quality) and microstructural measures (number of different words, communication units, mean length of utterance in both words and morphemes, and number of conjunctions) of their oral narrative production. Method A total of 277 monolingual Spanish-speaking Mexican children aged 2;06-5;11 (years;months) and divided into four age groups (ages 2, 3, 4, and 5 years) were asked to retell a fictional story from the oral narrative ability task of the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil-Preescolar. Results Appropriate internal consistency and interrater reliability were demonstrated. Pearson correlations between macro- and microstructural measures showed a positive association. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed a main effect for age, but not for sex, maternal education, or between-variables interactions. Partial eta-squared showed that age had a medium effect size on oral narrative quality and the number of different words and conjunctions, with a small effect size on communication units and mean length of utterance in words and morphemes. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that age explained the largest percentage of variance across the oral narrative measures. Conclusions The measures found to be most sensitive to the effect of age (number of different words, oral narrative quality, communication units, conjunctions) are also those most easily assessed by clinicians with limited training in linguistics. Results obtained for the number of different words and communication units were similar to those reported previously for English-speaking children.

Correlations for Fins with Impacting air Jets type Solar Air Heater

Experimental investigation has been conducted on a collector for non-cross flow configuration. The structure incorporates fins with impinging air jets below the absorber surface. The main aim is to examine the significance of implicating both the methods on heat transfer and thermal performance of the apparatus. Testing covers a prescribed range of operating and geometrical parameters such as, fin spacing (w = 0.03 and 0.06 m), stream-wise pitch (3 cm and 6 cm), dimensions of jet (circular in shape having diameter (Dj) = 6 mm, 8 mm and 1cm), mass flow rate of air (ṁ = 0.056–0.112 kg.s-1) and (Re= 5700–11700) respectively. An appreciable augmentation in thermal performance is noticed by mutual use of fins and air jets. The experimental data collected is further processed to develop correlations for Nusselt number in conjunction with fin and jet parameters of the set up for both the techniques separately.

Judging Hebrew adjective agreement across development: syntactic and morpho-syntactic awareness

Grammatical awareness of syntax and morphology is important in children’s literacy development for both reading and writing. Hebrew, a language with rich inflectional morphology, marks nouns for plural number in conjunction with gender. Hebrew attributive adjectives agree with noun number and gender in the same noun phrase, while predicative adjectives are in agreement with the grammatical subject in the same clause. Since adjectives are dependent on nouns, regularity or irregularity of plural marking on nouns directly affects plural agreement marking on adjectives. Given the importance of word order to Hebrew syntactic acquisition, the syntactic positions and functions of adjectives should also play a role in learning to inflect them. The current study examined Hebrew speakers’ developing ability to correctly identify adjective agreement with plural nouns given noun (ir)regularity and adjective syntactic position in children, adolescents, younger and older adults. Accuracy and reaction time were the measures used to trace this development. Findings showed that judgment increased in accuracy and decreased in RT, with feminine noun gender in conjunction with suffix irregularity challenging acquisition. Processing factors associated with the position and syntactic function of the adjective enhanced this difficulty sometimes even in adults. These results shed light on the psycholinguistic mechanisms used in syntactic and morphological judgment and on the ways they change with age and schooling.

HOMOGENEOUS COLLATERAL SUBORDINATION IN MATHEMATICAL DISCOURSE IN RUSSIAN AND ROMANCE AND GERMANIC LANGUAGES

1. The purpose of this article is to study the structural and semantic particularities of multicomponent complex sentences with homogeneous collateral subordination in mathematical discourse and to conduct comparative analysis in the Russian and the Romance and Germanic languages. The article deals only with the structures that include object and attributive components. The authors identify the common patterns of functioning of these structures in the style used in exact sciences, as well as the differences in each of the languages. 2. The following methods are used in the work: the fundamental method is the structural and semantic analysis, which is considered to have been created by N.S. Pospelov and L.Yu. Maksimov, as well as the basic principles of communicative grammar; the transformational and textological analysis to identify the implicit differences in structure and semantics of the complex sentences under investigation; linguistic description based on the principle of induction; the statistical method to process the material and identify the frequency of the structures under investigation. The method of continuous sampling is used to collect the material. 3. As a result of the study, the authors have identified the particularities of the functioning of the structures in the style of exact sciences: the presence of the same/different conjunctions/connective words, the syntactical relations between the main clause and the subordinate clause, the consistency/inconsistency between the number of conjunctions and the number of subordinate clauses. Mathematical discourse has a certain effect on the structural and semantic qualities of these structures in the studied languages: they have a clear structure and their components are compact and have a standard structure. The structures under investigation have wide expressive possibilities and clear semantic relations which makes it easier to process complicated material. 4. This study can be useful for specialists who deal with both linguistics and mathematics. The study can be used in comparative analysis of texts in other fields of the functioning of the Russian and the Romance and Germanic languages, when writing new mathematical works, when translating scientific works into foreign languages, when conducting textological studies in other languages and when teaching linguistic subjects. 5. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that this is the first instance of detailed analysis of the structure, semantics and the particularities of the functioning of multicomponent complex sentences with homogeneous collateral subordination in the style of exact sciences in the Russian and the Roman and Germanic languages. The structural and semantic varieties of the studied structures have been identified. The data have been provided on the frequency of their usage in mathematical works, the productivity of various types of connection of the main and the subordinate clause and the ratio of tense-aspect forms of the predicate in the main and the subordinate clauses.

THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS TEXT AUTHORITICATION METHOD BASED ON LINGUSTICAL ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE DIVERSITY COEFFICIENTS

Context. Authorization of the authorship of the text is a technique for determining the author of the text, when it is ambiguous who wrote it. It is useful when several people claim to be the authors of one publication or in cases where nobody claims to authorship of text content, for example, so-called trolls in social networks during an information warfare. The complexity of the problem of the author’s text, obviously, is exponentially higher, more likely authors. The presence of author’s text samples is also significant in advancing this problem. The attribution of the author’s text includes the following three problems:– author discovery of text from probable or expected authors group, where the author is always in a suspects group;– not identification of the author of a text author from a group of probable or expected authors, where the author may not be in a group of suspects;– assessment of the possibility of this text, written by the author or not.Therefore, the task of automatically determining the author of text content of scientific and technical direction is relevant and requires new (more perfect) approaches to its solution.Objective of the study is to develop a method for determining the author in Ukrainian texts based on the technology of lingometry. Method. Lingvometric method of algorithmic provision of content monitoring processes for solving the problem of automatic determination of the author of Ukrainian-language text content on the basis of technology of statistical analysis of linguistic diversity coefficients is developed. A decomposition of the method of determination of the author on the basis of analysis of such broadcasting factors as lexical diversity, degree (degree) of syntactic complexity, speech connectivity, singularity indexes and text concentrations is made. Also, author’s style parameters are analyzed as the number of words in a particular text, the total number of words in this text, the number of sentences, the number of prepositions, the number of conjunctions, the number of words with the frequency of 1, and the number of words with a frequency of 10 or more. The features of the developed is the adaptation of the morphological and syntactic analysis of lexical units to the features of the designs of Ukrainian-language words / texts. That is, in the analysis of linguistic units of the type of words, the affiliation with the part of speech and declarations within this part of the language was taken into account. To do this, an analysis of the flexion of these words was carried out for classification, the allocation of the basis for the formation of the corresponding alphabet-frequency dictionaries. The filling of these dictionaries was further taken into account in the subsequent steps of determining the authorship of the text as the calculation of parameters and coefficients of copyright broadcasting. For the individual style of a writer, it is precisely service (stop or reference) words that are indicative because they are not related to the topic and content of the publication.Results. A comparison of results on a plurality of 200 individual technical works of about 100 different authors over the period 2001–2017 has been made to determine whether the coefficients of the diversity of the text of these authors are different at different intervals.Conclusions. It has been found that for the chosen experimental base with over 200 works of the best results, the method of analysis of the article without initial obligatory information as annotations and keywords in various languages and the list of literature achieves the density criterion.

Analysis of the developed quantitative method for automatic attribution of scientific and technical text content written in Ukrainian

A formal approach was proposed to implement text content attribution. The study was conducted with Ukrainian scientific and technical texts. The results of application of the designed algorithms of automatic attribution of the text content based on the NLP and stylemetry methods were analyzed. Prospects and features of application of stylemetry information technologies for attribution of the text content were considered. Quantitative content analysis of scientific and technical text content takes advantage of content monitoring and text content analysis based on NLP, Web-Mining and stylemetry methods to identify the multitude of authors whose talking style is similar to that of the analyzed text fragment. This narrows the range of search for further use in the stylemetry methods to determine the degree of belonging of the analyzed text to a particular author. Decomposition of the attribution method was carried out based on analysis of such talking coefficients as lexical diversity, degree (measure) of syntactic complexity, talking coherence, indexes of exclusivity and concentration of the text. At the same time, author's style parameters such as the number of words in a certain text, the total number of words of this text, the number of sentences, the number of prepositions, the number of conjunctions, the number of words with occurrence frequency 1, the number of words with occurrence frequency 10 or more were analyzed. Further experimental study requires testing of the proposed method in identifying keywords of texts of other categories: scientific humanitarian, artistic, journalistic, etc.

Development of the linguometric method for automatic identification of the author of text content based on statistical analysis of language diversity coefficients

We have developed the linguometric method for algorithmic support of content monitoring processes to solve the problem of the automatic identification of the author of the Ukrainian text content based on the technology of statistical analysis of the language diversity coefficients. The decomposition of the method for identification of the author based on the analysis of such speech factors as lexical diversity, degree (measure) of syntactic complexity, speech coherence, indexes of exclusivity and concentration of a text was performed. Such parameters of the author’s style as the number of words in the specified text, the total number of words in this text, the number of sentences, the number of prepositions, the number of conjunctions, the number of words with the frequency of 1, the number of words with the frequency of 10 and more were analyzed. The features of the developed methods are the adaptation of the morphological and syntactic analysis of lexical units to the peculiarities of the structures of Ukrainian words/texts. That is, when analyzing linguistic units of the word type, their belonging to a part of speech and declension within this part of speech was taken into account. For this, the flections of these words for their classification, separation of the base for the formation of the corresponding alphabetic-frequency dictionaries were analyzed. Filling these dictionaries was subsequently taken into consideration at the following stages of the identification of the authorship of a text, such as the calculation of parameters and coefficients of the author's speech. Syntactic words (stop or anchor) words are most essential for an individual style of an author, as they are not related to the subject and content of the publication. We compared the results in a set of 200 one-author papers in the technical area of more than 100 different authors over the period of 2001–2017 to determine if and how the coefficients of diversity of a text of these authors change within different periods of time. It was found that for the selected experimental base of more than 200 papers, the best results according to the density criterion are reached by the method for analysis of an article without the initial compulsory information, such as abstracts and keywords in different languages, as well as the list of literature.

The Drag Crisis and Thermowell Design

Documented thermowell failures designed to PTC 19.3TW and earlier, when evaluated with the drag crisis invoked, reveals the potential for enhanced reliability of the current standard in reducing the risk of failure. The code calculation remains largely intact apart from a conservative Strouhal number in conjunction with Reynolds number criteria marking the onset and terminus of the drag crisis.

Analysing corpus-based criterial conjunctions for automatic proficiency classification

The linguistic profiling of L2 learning texts can be taken as a model for automatic proficiency assessment of new texts. But proficiency levels are distinguished by many different linguistic features among which the use of cohesive devices can be a criterial element for level distinctions, either in the number of conjunctions used (quantitative) and/or in the type and variety of them (qualitative). We have carried such an analysis with a subgroup of the CLEC (CEFR-levelled English Corpus) using Coh-Metrix, a tool for computing computational cohesion and coherence metrics for written and spoken texts, but our results suggest that automatic proficiency level assessment needs a deeper examination of conjunctions that should rely on the analysis of conjunction-types use and conjunction varieties, with an analysis of lexical choice. A variable based on familiarity ranks could help to predict cohesive levels proficiencyoriented.

Fuzzy logic based method to measure degree of lean activity in manufacturing industry

Lean manufacturing is gaining popularity as an approach that can achieve significant performance improvement in the industry. However, the application of lean manufacturing is not an easy process. To reach the level of full implementation of lean manufacturing takes a long time and during that time the continuous improvement must be made. In the process of continuous improvement, lean manufacturing assessment is required. One form of assessment is to measure the degree of lean implementation. However, it is the complexity involved in the measure of degree of leanness. This complexity arises due to (a) the inherent multi-dimensional concept of leanness (b) unavailability manufacturing practice database that can be used as a benchmark in assessing the degree of leanness and (c) the necessity for the application of subjective human judgement on lean practices which involve vagueness and bias due to variation of evaluator's knowledge and experience. In this paper a method to deal with the multi-dimensional concept, unavailability benchmark and uncertainty, which arises from the subjective and vague human judgement for the measurement of degree of leanness, is proposed. The multi-dimensional concept involving a variety of components of lean practices is measured in order to arrive at a measure for the lean activity of a given organization. It is constructed from primary and secondary data involving a comprehensive literature review and validated with interviews with a set of sample organizations representing the entire spectrum of the industry. The vagueness of subjective human judgement on degree of application of lean practices is modelled by fuzzy number in conjunction with an additional consideration related to the length of lean practice implementation and the use of multi-evaluators. Value stream mapping is used in scoring the degree of implementation of lean so the use of benchmark is not necessary. Some results from an initial survey from a sample of respondents from the manufacturing industry in Indonesia are presented to illustrate the applicability and potential strength of the proposed method.

Language structures used by kindergartners with cochlear implants: relationship to phonological awareness, lexical knowledge and hearing loss.

Listeners use their knowledge of how language is structured to aid speech recognition in everyday communication. When it comes to children with congenital hearing loss severe enough to warrant cochlear implants (CIs), the question arises of whether these children can acquire the language knowledge needed to aid speech recognition, in spite of only having spectrally degraded signals available to them. That question was addressed in the present study. Specifically, there were three goals: (1) to compare the language structures used by children with CIs to those of children with normal hearing (NH); (2) to assess the amount of variance in the language measures explained by phonological awareness and lexical knowledge; and (3) to assess the amount of variance in the language measures explained by factors related to the hearing loss itself and subsequent treatment. Language samples were obtained and transcribed for 40 children who had just completed kindergarten: 19 with NH and 21 with CIs. Five measures were derived from Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts: (1) mean length of utterance in morphemes, (2) number of conjunctions, excluding and, (3) number of personal pronouns, (4) number of bound morphemes, and (5) number of different words. Measures were also collected on phonological awareness and lexical knowledge. Statistics examined group differences, as well as the amount of variance in the language measures explained by phonological awareness, lexical knowledge, and factors related to hearing loss and its treatment for children with CIs. Mean scores of children with CIs were roughly one standard deviation below those of children with NH on all language measures, including lexical knowledge, matching outcomes of other studies. Mean scores of children with CIs were closer to two standard deviations below those of children with NH on two out of three measures of phonological awareness (specifically those related to phonemic structure). Lexical knowledge explained significant amounts of variance on three language measures, but only one measure of phonological awareness (sensitivity to word-final phonemic structure) explained any significant amount of unique variance beyond that, and on only one language measure (number of bound morphemes). Age at first implant, but no other factors related to hearing loss or its treatment, explained significant amounts of variance on the language measures, as well. In spite of early intervention and advances in implant technology, children with CIs are still delayed in learning language, but grammatical knowledge is less affected than phonological awareness. Because there was little contribution to language development measured for phonological awareness independent of lexical knowledge, it was concluded that children with CIs could benefit from intervention focused specifically on helping them learn language structures, in spite of the likely phonological deficits they experience as a consequence of having degraded inputs.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF TRAITS AND PATH ANALYSIS OF YIELD IN STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA DUCH.)

A field trial was carried out on 20 cultivars of strawberry (‘Queen Elisa’, ‘Pajaro’, ‘Paros’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Mrak’, ‘Selva’, ‘Classica’, ‘Missionary’, ‘Fresno’, ‘Kurdistan’, ‘Blakemore’, ‘Macdonance’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Catskill’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Tennessee beauty’ and ‘Tioga’) in a RCBD with 3 replicates at the agricultural research center of Kurdistan, Iran during 2008-2010. Morphophysiological and phenological parameters consisting of total leaves of plant, petiol length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, crop production habit, number of crowns per plant, number of inflorescences per plant, number of flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence length, number of frosted flowers, blooming date, flowering period, date of first ripen fruit, fruiting period, runnering start date, number of runners per plant, number of total fruits per plant, fruit size, fruit weight, total yield per plant, TSS, titratable acidity (TA) and anthocyanin pigments content were measured. In order to determine relationships among traits, some multivariate statistical analyses were calculated. According to the combined analysis of variance for two years cultivation of strawberry cultivars, there were high and significant differences (p≤0.01) among cultivars related to all measured parameters. Positive significant correlations were among yield with total leaves, number of crowns, number of inflorescences, number of total flowers, number of total fruits and fruiting period. Based upon the path analysis of yield components, total fruit number has the highest direct effect on yield. Fruit number in conjunction with fruit weight, runnering start date, fruiting start date and fruiting period were the most important factors contributing to yield among morphological traits and were the main yield components (adjusted R-square = 0.918).

정방형 실린더의 모서리 원형화에 따른 유동 불안정성의 변화

This study performed numerical analysis for the characteristics of flow-induced forces and the flow instability depending on the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder in laminar flow. To implement the cylinder cross-section, we adopted an Immersed Boundary Method with marker particles. We analyzed flow characteristics based on the radius of corner curvature. Main parameters are corner radius and Reynolds number (). With = 40, 50, 150 we calculated the flow field, drag coefficient, RMS of lift coefficient, pressure coefficient and Strouhal number in conjunction with the corner radius variation. Also, we calculated critical Reynolds number (  ) depending on the corner radius variation.

Effects of a Supplemental Intervention Focused in Equivalency Concepts for Students With Varying Abilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a Tier 2 supplemental intervention focused on rational number equivalency concepts and applications on the mathematics performance of third-grade students with and without mathematics difficulties. The researcher used a pretest–posttest control group design and random assignment of 19 participants to core instruction and 19 participants to core + intervention instruction. Intervention instruction included the ratio interpretation of rational number in conjunction with explicit and conceptual instructional components—judicious review opportunities, concrete and visual representations, systematic task progression focused on big ideas, teacher and student verbalizations, and multiple opportunities for practice—to deliver a sequence of 20 intervention sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Students receiving core instruction plus intervention outperformed those receiving only core instruction on a standard measure of the intervention content as well as a pretest–posttest measure reflective of the core curriculum.

Green supply chain performance benchmarking using integrated IVFN-TOPSIS methodology

In today’s era of globalisation, manufacturing sectors are being forced towards managing environmental sustainability in account of leverage of numerous serious global warming issues. A multiple index-based green supply chain (GSC) performance appraisement framework has been conceptualised here from the resource literature survey to empirically investigate several sustainability issues related to environmental performance of preferred candidate alternative industries. In this reporting, the subjectivity of the evaluation information has been taken into consideration by deploying a hierarchical fuzzy-based computation module capable of dealing with uncertain environment. Due to inherent ambiguity, vagueness, impreciseness and inconsistency associated with subjective information of the GSC performance indices (metric and measures); the assessment of expert panels acquired for the preferred alternative in linguistic terms pointed out by the adaptation of interval-valued fuzzy number (IVFN). Therefore, a new interval-valued fuzzy number in conjunction with modified TOPSIS (IVFM-TOPSIS) method has been explored at the deployed (hierarchical) framework for appraisement and benchmarking of the preferred candidate alternative industries operating under the similar GSC hierarchy. Finally, an empirical study has led in order to exhibit the feasibility as well as effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Simple disjunctive normal forms of Boolean functions with a restricted number of zeros

This paper studies the complexity of disjunctive normal forms (DNFs) of Boolean functions defined by their matrices of zeros. The best available bounds are obtained for the minimum number of conjunc� tions making up a DNF of a Boolean function with a restricted number of zeros. The results can be used to implement characteristic functions of classes in pat� tern recognition with binary data [1]. 1. The standard method for constructing DNFs of characteristic classes of functions can be described as follows. Let , , …, and , , …, be given binary descriptions of reference objects of classes K1 and K2, respectively, where , i ∈ {0, 1}, j ∈ {1, 2, …, ki}, is a binary vector of dimension n.